Graduating (Formar-se)
form yourself (reflexive) IN a subject (preposition 'em') to say you graduated.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To say 'I graduated,' use the reflexive verb 'formar-se' by attaching the pronoun 'me' to the conjugated verb form.
- Use 'me formei' for 'I graduated' (Eu me formei).
- In European Portuguese, the pronoun often follows: 'Formei-me'.
- Always match the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) to the subject.
Overview
Portuguese, unlike English, often frames significant personal achievements, especially academic ones, through the lens of self-transformation. When you "graduate" in Portuguese, you typically use the reflexive verb formar-se. This isn't just a linguistic quirk; it reflects a deeper conceptual understanding where the act of acquiring an academic degree is perceived as a process of "forming yourself" into a qualified professional or educated individual.
The core of this verb lies in its reflexivity: the subject performs the action, and the action directly impacts or reflects back upon the subject.
The verb formar without the reflexive pronoun -se means "to form" or "to shape" something else. For example, Eu formei um grupo de estudo (I formed a study group). Adding the reflexive pronoun -se shifts the focus from forming an external object to forming oneself.
This distinction is crucial and often a point of confusion for learners. Neglecting the reflexive pronoun fundamentally alters the meaning, implying you formed something rather than undergoing the transformative process of graduating.
Understanding formar-se at the B1 level involves not only memorizing its usage but appreciating its underlying semantic logic within the Portuguese language system. It integrates with your understanding of other reflexive verbs related to life changes and personal development, reinforcing the pattern of self-directed action. This linguistic structure highlights that graduating is not merely an external event but an internal process of becoming, aligning with the broader theme of "Reflexive Verbs for Life and Relationships" in this chapter.
Mastering formar-se provides you with an idiomatic and culturally resonant way to discuss one of life's significant milestones.
How This Grammar Works
formar-se hinges on two primary elements: the reflexive pronoun and the preposition em. Both are indispensable for conveying the correct meaning of "to graduate." Without these components, the verb formar assumes its transitive meaning of "to form" or "to shape" something external to the subject.me, te, se, nos, vos, se) acts as the direct or indirect object of the verb, indicating that the action of forming is directed back to the subject. This pronoun must always agree in person and number with the subject of the verb. For instance, if you are the one graduating, you use me: Eu me formei em Letras (I graduated in Literature).se (for Eles/Elas/Vocês) or nos (for Nós): Eles se formaram em 2023 (They graduated in 2023) or Nós nos formamos juntos (We graduated together). The absence of this pronoun changes formar from "to graduate" to "to form/shape something else," creating a common and significant error for learners. This reflexivity emphasizes the transformative effect on the individual.em is used to specify the field of study, the academic area, or occasionally the institution from which one graduates. In English, you might graduate in a subject or from a university. In Portuguese, em (meaning "in" or "at") almost universally connects the verb formar-se to the discipline or location.o, a, os, as) that precede the field of study or institution. So, em + o becomes no, and em + a becomes na. For example, formar-se em Medicina (to graduate in Medicine) or formar-se no curso de Direito (to graduate in the Law course).formar-se na universidade (to graduate from the university), the primary and most frequent use with em is for the academic discipline itself.em create a cohesive grammatical unit that accurately expresses the concept of graduating. This combination reflects the idea of becoming "formed" in a particular academic discipline, emphasizing the specialization acquired and the self-directed nature of the achievement. Ignoring either component leads to grammatically incorrect or semantically ambiguous statements, stripping the verb of its intended meaning of academic achievement.Formation Pattern
formar-se requires a clear understanding of its conjugation and the precise placement of the reflexive pronoun. The verb formar is a regular -AR verb, making its conjugation predictable once you know the patterns for the various tenses. For B1 learners, the most critical tenses will be the Presente do Indicativo (present), Pretérito Perfeito Simples (simple past), and the Futuro do Presente (simple future), along with constructions involving the infinitive.
formar-se is:
Eu, Você, Ele/Ela, Nós, Vocês/Eles/Elas)
me, te, se, nos, vos, se)
formar (in the appropriate tense, agreeing with the subject)
em (often contracted with articles like no/na)
Direito, Medicina, História)
Eu | me |
Tu (EP/informal BP) | te |
Você/Ele/Ela | se |
Nós | nos |
Vós (EP/formal BP) | vos |
Vocês/Eles/Elas | se |
formar (Past) | Example Sentence | Translation |
Eu | me | formei | Eu me formei em Letras em 2022. | I graduated in Literature in 2022. |
Você | se | formou | Você se formou em Marketing na UERJ? | Did you graduate in Marketing from UERJ? |
Ele/Ela | se | formou | Ela se formou em Engenharia Elétrica. | She graduated in Electrical Engineering. |
Nós | nos | formamos | Nós nos formamos juntos no ensino médio. | We graduated high school together. |
Vocês/Eles/Elas | se | formaram | Meus amigos se formaram em Economia no ano passado. | My friends graduated in Economics last year. |
Eu me formei. (I graduated.)
Não me formei ainda. (I haven't graduated yet.) – Negative words, adverbs, and certain conjunctions are "attracting words" that pull the pronoun before the verb in both BP and EP.
Espero me formar logo. (I hope to graduate soon.) – With auxiliary verbs, the pronoun can precede the main verb or attach to the infinitive (BP preference).
Formei-me em 2022. (I graduated in 2022.)
Não me formei ainda. (I haven't graduated yet.) – Here, the negative word Não forces próclise.
Formar-me-ei em breve. (I will graduate soon.) – Example of mesóclise, standard in EP for future tenses.
When To Use It
formar-se whenever you refer to the successful completion of a formal academic program that culminates in a degree, diploma, or recognized certification. This verb carries a strong sense of achievement and formal qualification, distinguishing it significantly from simpler verbs like terminar or concluir.- University Degrees: This is the most common and appropriate application. Whether discussing a bachelor's (
licenciaturaorbacharelado), master's (mestrado), or doctorate (doutorado),formar-seis the verb of choice. Meu irmão se formou em Arquitetura na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.(My brother graduated in Architecture from the Federal University of Minas Gerais.)- High School Completion: While
terminar o ensino médio(to finish high school) is very common,formar-secan also be used, especially in more formal contexts or when emphasizing the achievement of a complete high school education. Minha sobrinha vai se formar no ensino médio este ano e já está pensando na faculdade.(My niece will graduate from high school this year and is already thinking about university.)- Technical/Vocational Programs: Programs that lead to a specific professional qualification, even if not a university degree, often appropriately use
formar-seto denote formal professional training and certification. Muitos eletricistas se formam em cursos profissionalizantes antes de entrar no mercado.(Many electricians graduate from vocational courses before entering the market.)
terminar and concluir:formar-se is preferred over terminar (to finish) or concluir (to conclude/complete) for graduation. While you can terminar or concluir any course or period of study, these verbs generally lack the formal implication of formar-se.Terminar um cursomeans simply to finish it. You couldterminar um curso de culinária(finish a cooking course) without having "graduated" in the sense of receiving a formal academic credential.Concluir um projetomeans to complete a project.Concluir a faculdademeans to complete university studies, butformar-sespecifically states that a degree or diploma was awarded, signifying a formal academic credential.
Formar-se is integral to discussions about education, career, and personal milestones in Portuguese-speaking cultures:- Introducing yourself professionally: In a job interview or networking event, you might state:
Eu me formei em Administração pela Universidade de São Paulo há cinco anos.(I graduated in Business Administration from the University of São Paulo five years ago.) - Social media announcements: Sharing the news of a graduation, often accompanied by photos:
Finalmente me formei! Um novo capítulo emocionante começa agora. #formada #graduação(I finally graduated! An exciting new chapter starts now. #graduated #graduation)- Casual conversation: Asking about someone's educational background:
Em que você se formou, Pedro?(What did you graduate in, Pedro?)Quando você se formou? Eu me formei em 2020.(When did you graduate? I graduated in 2020.)
formar-se conveys not just the cessation of studies, but the accretion of a formal qualification, marking a significant personal and professional milestone that is recognized by institutions and society.Common Mistakes
formar-se. Recognizing these common errors and understanding why they occur is essential for achieving fluency and sounding natural, particularly as the distinction is often subtle but significant to native speakers.Eu formei em Medicina instead of Eu me formei em Medicina fundamentally changes the verb's meaning. As previously discussed, formar without the pronoun means "to form" or "to shape something else." So, Eu formei em Medicina literally translates to "I formed [something] in Medicine," which is nonsensical in this context. The reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, etc.) is non-negotiable for expressing "to graduate." Its absence suggests a transitive action on an external object.- Incorrect:
Minha irmã formou em Engenharia Elétrica. - Correct:
Minha irmã se formou em Engenharia Elétrica.(My sister graduated in Electrical Engineering.) - Incorrect:
Eles formaram em Arquitetura pela USP. - Correct:
Eles se formaram em Arquitetura pela USP.(They graduated in Architecture from USP.)
de instead of em):de in Portuguese. However, formar-se almost exclusively pairs with em (or its contractions no/na) to indicate the field of study, the program, or occasionally the institution. Using de (meaning "of" or "from") is incorrect when specifying the academic discipline or the context of the graduation.- Incorrect:
Eu me formei de Psicologia na UFMG. - Correct:
Eu me formei em Psicologia na UFMG.(I graduated in Psychology from UFMG.) - Incorrect:
Quando ele se formou da faculdade de Letras? - Correct:
Quando ele se formou na faculdade de Letras?(When did he graduate from the Faculty of Arts?) - Note:
na faculdadeis a specific location (in the university), henceem+a=na.
- In BP: Próclise (pronoun before the verb) is dominant in most contexts, including simple affirmative statements.
- Common BP Error:
Formei-me ano passado. - Correct BP:
Eu me formei ano passado.or (informally)Me formei ano passado.(Note: While starting a sentence withmeis common in informal BP, formally,Eu me formeiis often preferred or required.) - In EP: Ênclise (pronoun after the verb) is standard for affirmative simple sentences that lack an attracting word. Mesóclise (pronoun inserted within the verb) is used for future and conditional tenses in the absence of an attracting word.
- Common EP Error:
Eu me formei em 2024. - Correct EP:
Formei-me em 2024. - Correct EP (Future):
Formar-me-ei no próximo ano.(I will graduate next year.)
formar-se for non-academic achievements:formar-se denotes formal academic qualification and a degree, using it for short courses, workshops, or informal learning sounds overstated, formal, or simply incorrect. For such instances, terminar or concluir are the appropriate choices.- Incorrect:
Eu me formei no curso de barista de duas semanas. - Correct:
Eu concluí o curso de barista de duas semanas.(I completed the two-week barista course.) - Incorrect:
Meu filho se formou no camp de verão de programação. - Correct:
Meu filho terminou o camp de verão de programação.(My son finished the summer programming camp.)
formar-se accurately conveys the significance of formal academic achievement.Real Conversations
Understanding how formar-se is used in authentic dialogue is crucial for B1 learners transitioning from textbook examples to practical communication. Here, we illustrate its usage across various registers and contexts, from casual chat to professional settings.
Scenario 1
- João: E aí, Maria! Quanto tempo! Como você está? (Hey, Maria! Long time no see! How are you?)
- Maria: Tudo bem, João! E você? Me formei em Direito ano passado, finalmente! (All good, João! And you? I graduated in Law last year, finally!)
- João: Que legal! Parabéns! E agora, vai fazer o quê? Já está advogando? (How cool! Congratulations! And now, what are you going to do? Are you already practicing law?)
- Maria: Estou fazendo um estágio e pensando em pós-graduação. E você, em que se formou mesmo? (I'm doing an internship and thinking about postgraduate studies. And you, what did you graduate in again?)
Scenario 2
- Recruiter: Então, na sua formação acadêmica, em que área você se formou? (So, regarding your academic background, what area did you graduate in?)
- Candidate: Eu me formei em Engenharia de Software pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Concluí o curso em 2021. (I graduated in Software Engineering from the Federal University of Santa Catarina. I finished the course in 2021.)
- Recruiter: Ótimo. E por que você escolheu essa área para se formar? (Great. And why did you choose this area to graduate in?)
Scenario 3
- (Image of someone in a graduation gown, throwing a cap)
- Caption: Alegria que não cabe em mim! Finalmente me formei! Foram anos de dedicação, mas cada momento valeu a pena. Agradeço a todos que me apoiaram nessa jornada. Vem, futuro! #formada #psicologia #ufmg #gratidão (Joy that doesn't fit in me! I finally graduated! It was years of dedication, but every moment was worth it. Thanks to everyone who supported me on this journey. Come, future! #graduated #psychology #ufmg #gratitude)
Scenario 4
- Ana: O que pensas fazer depois do mestrado? (What do you plan to do after your master's?)
- Bruno: Bem, quero formar-me o mais depressa possível. Depois, tenciono viajar um pouco antes de procurar emprego. (Well, I want to graduate as quickly as possible. Afterwards, I intend to travel a bit before looking for a job.)
- Ana: Faz sentido. Eu também me formei no verão passado e decidi tirar uns meses. (Makes sense. I also graduated last summer and decided to take a few months off.)
- Bruno: E em que te formaste, novamente? (And what did you graduate in, again?)
- Ana: Formei-me em Gestão, no Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. (I graduated in Management, from the Superior Institute of Economics and Management.)
These examples demonstrate the flexibility of formar-se across various tenses (past, present, future infinitive) and illustrate how pronoun placement adapts to the context and regional dialect. Notice how the preposition em or its contractions (na, no) consistently follow the verb to specify the field or institution.
Quick FAQ
formar-se, providing clarifications and nuances to deepen your understanding of this important verb.formar-se be used for anything other than university or high school?Yes, but with specific conditions. It applies to other formal educational programs that grant a recognized diploma or certification, typically vocational or technical schools that lead to a professional qualification. For example, Ele se formou técnico em informática (He graduated as an IT technician). However, for informal courses, workshops, or hobby classes, terminar or concluir are always more appropriate. You would not use formar-se for a two-day coding boot camp.
graduar-se a synonym for formar-se?Yes, graduar-se exists and carries the same core meaning of "to graduate." However, formar-se is by far more commonly used in everyday spoken Portuguese, especially in Brazil. Graduar-se tends to sound more formal, academic, or institutional. You might see graduar-se in official university documents or highly formal speech, but formar-se is what you'll encounter in casual conversation, social media, and most professional contexts. As a B1 learner, focus on mastering formar-se.
o, a, os, as) after em when specifying the field of study?Not always. The use of the article depends on whether the field of study is treated as a general concept or a specific course/program. Many common fields of study do not take an article when following em, especially when the focus is on the subject itself. For example, em Medicina, em Direito, em Letras. However, if you're referring to a specific course or if the noun itself typically takes an article (like o curso de Direito), then the contraction no or na is used:
Eu me formei em Psicologia.(General field)Ele se formou no curso de Relações Internacionais.(Specific course/program)
em (without an article) for the general field of study is often acceptable and common. For university names, na Universidade de... or pela Universidade de... (pela means "by/through the") are both correct and frequently used.You can use the future tense of formar-se or a construction with the auxiliary verb ir (to go) in the future.
- Simple Future (BP):
Eu me formarei em 2027.orEu vou me formar em 2027.(I will graduate in 2027.) - Simple Future (EP - often mesóclise):
Formar-me-ei em 2027.orVou-me formar em 2027.(I will graduate in 2027.) - Present Continuous/Immediate Future:
Estou para me formar no próximo semestre.(I'm about to graduate next semester.) Vou me formar ano que vem.(I'm going to graduate next year.)
colar grau? How does it relate to formar-se?Colar grau refers specifically to the graduation ceremony itself – the formal act of receiving your degree during a ceremony. It's the event where you formally become a formado/a (a graduate). You se forma (graduate) over the course of your studies, and then you cola grau (participate in the graduation ceremony) at the end. So, one is the process and result, the other is the ceremonial acknowledgment of that result.
Meu irmão se formou em julho, mas só vai colar grau em setembro.(My brother graduated in July, but will only participate in the graduation ceremony in September.)
formar-se more confidently and use it accurately in diverse Portuguese contexts.Conjugation of Formar-se (Pretérito Perfeito)
| Subject | Brazilian (Proclisis) | European (Enclisis) |
|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
me formei
|
formei-me
|
|
Tu
|
te formaste
|
formaste-te
|
|
Ele/Ela/Você
|
se formou
|
formou-se
|
|
Nós
|
nos formamos
|
formamo-nos
|
|
Eles/Elas/Vocês
|
se formaram
|
formaram-se
|
Meanings
The verb 'formar-se' is used to describe the act of completing a university degree or academic program.
Academic Graduation
Completing a course of study at a university or college.
“Ela se formou em Direito.”
“Nós nos formamos juntos.”
General Formation
To shape or form oneself (less common, literary).
“O caráter se forma com o tempo.”
“A equipe se formou rapidamente.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + Refl + Verb
|
Eu me formei
|
|
Negative
|
Não + Refl + Verb
|
Eu não me formei
|
|
Question
|
Subj + Refl + Verb?
|
Você se formou?
|
|
European
|
Verb + -Refl
|
Formei-me
|
|
Future
|
Subj + vai + se + formar
|
Eu vou me formar
|
|
Subjunctive
|
Que + Subj + se + forme
|
Espero que ele se forme
|
Formality Spectrum
Formei-me em Engenharia. (Professional/Social)
Eu me formei em Engenharia. (Professional/Social)
Me formei em Engenharia. (Professional/Social)
Peguei o diploma de Engenharia. (Professional/Social)
The Formar-se Concept
Meaning
- Graduar Graduate
Pronouns
- Me, Te, Se, Nos Reflexive pronouns
Examples by Level
Eu me formei em 2020.
I graduated in 2020.
Você se formou?
Did you graduate?
Ele se formou ontem.
He graduated yesterday.
Nós nos formamos.
We graduated.
Eu não me formei ainda.
I haven't graduated yet.
Quando você vai se formar?
When are you going to graduate?
Ela se formou em Medicina.
She graduated in Medicine.
Eles se formaram na USP.
They graduated at USP.
Embora eu tenha me formado, ainda estudo.
Although I have graduated, I still study.
Formei-me em Lisboa no ano passado.
I graduated in Lisbon last year.
Você se formou com honras?
Did you graduate with honors?
Eles se formaram em áreas diferentes.
They graduated in different fields.
Se eu me formasse hoje, procuraria um emprego.
If I graduated today, I would look for a job.
Já faz cinco anos que me formei.
It's been five years since I graduated.
Ela se formou, mas não exerce a profissão.
She graduated, but doesn't practice the profession.
Espero que você se forme logo.
I hope you graduate soon.
Tendo me formado em uma universidade de prestígio, tenho muitas opções.
Having graduated from a prestigious university, I have many options.
Ao me formar, percebi que o aprendizado apenas começava.
Upon graduating, I realized learning was just beginning.
Muitos alunos se formam sem saber o que fazer.
Many students graduate without knowing what to do.
Se você se formasse antes, teria mais chances.
If you had graduated earlier, you would have more chances.
Formar-se é um rito de passagem fundamental na sociedade moderna.
Graduating is a fundamental rite of passage in modern society.
Ele se formou, não obstante as dificuldades financeiras.
He graduated, notwithstanding the financial difficulties.
A ideia de se formar em algo que não se ama é triste.
The idea of graduating in something one doesn't love is sad.
Ter-se-ia formado se tivesse estudado mais.
He would have graduated if he had studied more.
Easily Confused
Learners think 'graduar-se' is the direct translation.
Both mean to finish.
Where to put the pronoun.
Common Mistakes
Eu formei
Eu me formei
Eu se formei
Eu me formei
Eu formei-me
Eu me formei
Eu graduei
Eu me formei
Você me formou
Você se formou
Não formei-me
Não me formei
Ele se formaram
Ele se formou
Eu me formei em o Direito
Eu me formei em Direito
Eu me formei pela a faculdade
Eu me formei pela faculdade
Eu me formarei em 2020
Eu me formei em 2020
Tendo formado-me
Tendo me formado
Ao formar-me
Ao me formar
Se eu formasse-me
Se eu me formasse
Sentence Patterns
Eu me formei em ___.
Quando você vai se formar em ___?
Ele se formou pela ___.
Se eu me formasse em ___, eu trabalharia com ___.
Real World Usage
Eu me formei em 2018.
Formado em Marketing.
Finalmente me formei!
Em que você se formou?
Pretendo me formar em breve.
Já se formou?
Pronoun Placement
Don't skip the pronoun
Use 'Formar-se'
Graduation is a big deal
Smart Tips
Always use 'formar-se' instead of 'graduar-se'.
Place the pronoun before the verb.
Place the pronoun after the verb.
Put 'não' before the pronoun.
Pronunciation
Reflexive Pronoun
The 'me' is pronounced like 'meh'.
Verb stress
The stress is on the last syllable in the past tense.
Statement
Eu me for-MEI. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
Você se for-MOU? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a 'Form' (a paper) that you sign when you graduate. You 'form' yourself into a graduate.
Visual Association
Imagine yourself wearing a graduation cap and gown, looking in a mirror. You are 'forming' yourself into a professional.
Rhyme
Para se formar, você tem que estudar e o diploma ganhar.
Story
Maria studied for four years. She worked hard every day. Finally, she said: 'Eu me formei!' and threw her cap in the air.
Word Web
Challenge
Write a 3-sentence bio for your LinkedIn profile using 'formar-se'.
Cultural Notes
Graduation is a huge social event with parties and ceremonies.
Graduation is often called 'licenciatura' completion.
The term 'formar-se' is universally understood in all Lusophone countries.
From Latin 'formare', meaning to shape or mold.
Conversation Starters
Em que você se formou?
Quando você pretende se formar?
Você se formou com honras?
Como foi a sua formatura?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
Eu ___ formei em Direito.
Você ___ formou?
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu formei em Medicina.
em / formei / eu / Direito / me
Nós ___ formamos.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Eu me formei vs Formei-me
Eles ___ formaram ontem.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesEu ___ formei em Direito.
Você ___ formou?
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu formei em Medicina.
em / formei / eu / Direito / me
Nós ___ formamos.
Eu -> me, Você -> ?
Eu me formei vs Formei-me
Eles ___ formaram ontem.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesEle se formou ___ Jornalismo.
formei / Eu / me / ontem.
How do you say 'I will graduate'?
Eles formaram na universidade.
Match the subject with the verb form.
We graduated in 2020.
Você já ___ formou?
Which sentence implies completing a university degree?
Ela se formou de Arquitetura.
ano / se / que / Você / forma?
Meus pais ___ em 1990.
Score: /11
FAQ (8)
You can, but 'Eu me formei' is much more natural.
In Brazil, before the verb. In Portugal, after.
Yes, usually for higher education.
Use 'Eu ainda vou me formar'.
Yes, it is.
No, just 'em' + major.
Use 'Em que você se formou?'.
The meaning is the same, but the pronoun placement differs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Graduarse
Portuguese prefers 'formar-se' while Spanish prefers 'graduarse'.
Obtenir un diplôme
Portuguese is reflexive; French is not.
Sich ausbilden
German focuses on training; Portuguese on the degree.
卒業する
Japanese is not reflexive.
تخرج
Arabic is not reflexive.
毕业
Chinese has no conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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