B1 Pronouns 8 min read Medium

Falling in Love: Using Reflexive Verbs (Apaixonar-se)

To say you fell in love, always use a reflexive pronoun and the preposition por.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use reflexive pronouns like 'me', 'te', and 'se' to show that the action of the verb reflects back onto the subject.

  • Match the reflexive pronoun to the subject: Eu me, Tu te, Ele/Ela se, Nós nos, Eles se.
  • In Brazilian Portuguese, the pronoun usually comes before the verb: Eu me apaixono.
  • In European Portuguese, the pronoun often follows the verb with a hyphen: Apaixono-me.
Subject + Reflexive Pronoun + Verb (e.g., Eu + me + apaixono)

Overview

The verb apaixonar-se occupies a distinctive semantic space in Portuguese, signifying the process of falling in love, becoming infatuated, or developing a strong passion for someone or something. Unlike its direct English translation, the Portuguese construction is inherently reflexive, literally translating to "to passion oneself" or "to become impassioned." This grammatical structure underscores that the emotional state originates within and acts upon the subject, representing a significant internal transformation. For B1-level learners, understanding apaixonar-se is crucial for navigating expressions of affection, enthusiasm, and deep interest in various contexts, from personal relationships to passions for hobbies, places, or even culinary delights.

Mastery of apaixonar-se moves beyond basic vocabulary acquisition, requiring a firm grasp of reflexive verb conjugation and pronoun placement. This verb is a cornerstone for expressing nuanced emotional states, allowing speakers to convey not just what they love, but how that feeling developed as an internal experience. Its frequent use in contemporary communication, particularly in social interactions and media, makes it indispensable for achieving fluency and cultural understanding.

This guide will meticulously deconstruct apaixonar-se, providing a framework for its accurate and idiomatic application.

How This Grammar Works

Apaixonar-se is classified as a pronominal verb, meaning it always requires a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, vos, se) to complete its meaning. The verb apaixonar without the reflexive pronoun exists, but it means "to cause someone to fall in love" or "to impassion someone," taking a direct object. For instance, Ele apaixonou a plateia means "He captivated the audience," where a plateia is the direct object.
However, when the subject itself experiences the falling in love, the reflexive pronoun is mandatory, signaling that the action reflects back onto the performer. This intrinsic reflexivity is key to its semantic function.
Reflexive pronouns in Portuguese agree in person and number with the subject of the verb. This agreement ensures that the action of 'passioning' is correctly attributed to the agent experiencing the emotion. The core linguistic principle at play is subject-object identity: the subject performing the action is also the recipient of that action.
In the case of apaixonar-se, the subject undergoes a transformation into a state of infatuation. This is why Eu apaixonei (without me) is grammatically incomplete and semantically jarring; it lacks the crucial element indicating the subject itself became impassioned. The se ending attached to the infinitive form apaixonar-se serves as a placeholder for these various reflexive pronouns, indicating its pronominal nature.
| Subject Pronoun | Reflexive Pronoun |
| :-------------- | :---------------- |
| eu | me |
| tu | te |
| ele/ela/você | se |
| nós | nos |
| vós | vos |
| eles/elas/vocês | se |
This table illustrates the mandatory pairing between subject and reflexive pronoun. The presence of the pronoun is non-negotiable for apaixonar-se to convey its intended meaning of personal infatuation. For example, Eu me apaixonei por ela (I fell in love with her).
Without me, the sentence would be nonsensical or imply a different, transitive meaning.

Formation Pattern

1
Forming sentences with apaixonar-se involves three main components: the subject, the conjugated verb with its corresponding reflexive pronoun, and the preposition por followed by the object of affection. Apaixonar is a regular first-conjugation verb (-ar ending), which simplifies its conjugation across tenses. The complexity primarily lies in the placement of the reflexive pronoun, which varies between Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP).
2
1. Conjugating Apaixonar:
3
As a regular -ar verb, apaixonar follows standard conjugation patterns. Here are common tenses:
4
Present Tense (Presente do Indicativo):
5
| Subject | Verb Conjugation |
6
| :------ | :--------------- |
7
| eu | apaixono |
8
| tu | apaixonas |
9
| ele/ela/você | apaixona |
10
| nós | apaixonamos |
11
| vós | apaixonais |
12
| eles/elas/vocês | apaixonam |
13
Simple Past (Pretérito Perfeito Simples do Indicativo):
14
| Subject | Verb Conjugation |
15
| :------ | :--------------- |
16
| eu | apaixonei |
17
| tu | apaixonaste |
18
| ele/ela/você | apaixonou |
19
| nós | apaixonámos |
20
| vós | apaixonastes |
21
| eles/elas/vocês | apaixonaram |
22
Imperfect Past (Pretérito Imperfeito do Indicativo):
23
| Subject | Verb Conjugation |
24
| :------ | :--------------- |
25
| eu | apaixonava |
26
| tu | apaixonavas |
27
| ele/ela/você | apaixonava |
28
| nós | apaixonávamos |
29
| vós | apaixonáveis |
30
| eles/elas/vocês | apaixonam |
31
Future (Futuro do Presente do Indicativo):
32
| Subject | Verb Conjugation |
33
| :------ | :--------------- |
34
| eu | apaixonarei |
35
| tu | apaixonarás |
36
| ele/ela/você | apaixonará |
37
| nós | apaixonaremos |
38
| vós | apaixonareis |
39
| eles/elas/vocês | apaixonarão |
40
2. Reflexive Pronoun Placement:
41
This is where the distinction between BP and EP is most pronounced.
42
Brazilian Portuguese (BP) - Proclisis: Reflexive pronouns typically precede the conjugated verb. This is the most common placement in informal and formal BP, especially in sentences without strong grammatical attractors (like negative words, adverbs, or conjunctions that demand proclisis in EP).
43
Eu me apaixonei por ele. (I fell in love with him.)
44
Ela se apaixona fácil. (She falls in love easily.)
45
Nós nos apaixonamos por aquela cidade. (We fell in love with that city.)
46
European Portuguese (EP) - Enclisis: Reflexive pronouns typically follow the conjugated verb, attached by a hyphen. This is the default placement in EP when there is no grammatical reason for proclisis.
47
Apaixonei-me por ele. (I fell in love with him.)
48
Apaixona-se fácil. (She falls in love easily.)
49
Apaixonámo-nos por aquela cidade. (We fell in love with that city.)
50
Important EP Exception: Proclisis with Attractors: In both BP and EP, certain words or phrases (negations like não, adverbs like sempre, question words, conjunctions, relative pronouns) attract the pronoun to precede the verb (proclisis). This rule is stricter in EP, where starting a sentence with an enclitic pronoun is considered ungrammatical.
51
BP/EP: Não me apaixonei por ninguém. (I didn't fall in love with anyone.)
52
BP/EP: Sempre me apaixono por desafios. (I always fall in love with challenges.)
53
EP only: Never Me apaixonei, always Apaixonei-me or Eu apaixonei-me (though the latter is less common) unless an attractor word is present.
54
Mesoclisis (EP only, with Future/Conditional): In formal EP, when the pronoun is enclitic and the verb is in the future simple (futuro do presente) or conditional (futuro do pretérito), the pronoun is placed within the verb form, between the infinitive stem and the ending.
55
Apaixonar-me-ei por ti. (I will fall in love with you.)
56
Apaixonar-se-ia facilmente. (He/She would fall in love easily.)
57
Mesoclisis is rare in spoken EP and almost nonexistent in BP, where proclisis or enclisis (following the entire conjugated form for future/conditional) would be preferred.
58
3. The Preposition Por:
59
The object of apaixonar-se is invariably introduced by the preposition por. This preposition expresses the cause, reason, or object of a feeling. It signifies 'for,' 'by,' or 'about' in this context. It's not em (in) or de (of/from).
60
Ele se apaixonou por ela. (He fell in love with her.)
61
Eu me apaixonei pelo livro. (I fell in love with the book.) - Contraction of por + o (pelo)
62
Nós nos apaixonamos pela cidade. (We fell in love with the city.) - Contraction of por + a (pela)
63
Contractions with Articles: When por precedes a definite article (o, a, os, as), it contracts:
64
| por + o | pelo |
65
| por + a | pela |
66
| por + os | pelos |
67
| por + as | pelas |
68
Example: Ela se apaixonou pelos olhos dele. (She fell in love with his eyes.)
69
Summary of Formation:
70
Identify the subject.
71
Choose the corresponding reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, vos, se).
72
Conjugate the verb apaixonar for the subject and desired tense.
73
Place the reflexive pronoun correctly (proclisis in BP, enclisis in EP, or proclisis with attractors).
74
Introduce the object of affection with por (contracting with articles if necessary).

When To Use It

Apaixonar-se is used to describe the onset or process of developing a deep emotional or passionate attachment. It's a dynamic verb, focusing on the act of falling rather than the static state of being in love. This distinction is crucial for expressing varying degrees and stages of affection in Portuguese.
It typically implies a strong, often sudden, and consuming feeling.
1. Romantic Love and Infatuation:
This is the most common application. Apaixonar-se expresses the feeling of developing romantic love or intense infatuation for a person. It highlights the moment or period when these feelings emerge.
  • Ele se apaixonou por ela no primeiro encontro. (He fell in love with her at first sight/on their first date.)
  • Depois de meses de conversa, finalmente me apaixonei pelo meu colega. (After months of talking, I finally fell in love with my colleague.)
  • Parece que ela se apaixonou de novo, mas não me contou quem é. (It seems she fell in love again, but she hasn't told me who it is.)
2. Passion for Hobbies, Interests, or Concepts:
Beyond romance, apaixonar-se is widely used to convey a strong passion or enthusiasm for non-human subjects. This includes hobbies, places, ideas, objects, or even specific foods. It indicates a profound emotional connection or dedication to something.
  • Desde criança, ele se apaixonou pela astronomia. (Since childhood, he fell in love with astronomy.)
  • Quando visitei Lisboa, apaixonei-me pela sua cultura vibrante. (When I visited Lisbon, I fell in love with its vibrant culture.)
  • Eu me apaixonei pelo sabor do açaí puro. (I fell in love with the taste of pure açaí.)
3. Expressing Sudden or Intense Liking:
Sometimes, apaixonar-se can be used hyperbolically or informally to express a very strong, almost instantaneous liking for something, even if not truly

Conjugation of Apaixonar-se (Present Indicative)

Subject Pronoun Verb
Eu
me
apaixono
Tu
te
apaixonas
Ele/Ela
se
apaixona
Nós
nos
apaixonamos
Eles/Elas
se
apaixonam

European Portuguese Enclisis

Subject Verb-Pronoun
Eu
Apaixono-me
Tu
Apaixonas-te
Ele
Apaixona-se

Meanings

Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the sentence is also the object of the action. When talking about emotions like falling in love, the verb 'apaixonar-se' is inherently reflexive.

1

Emotional State

Expressing the process of falling in love.

“Eu me apaixonei por ela.”

“Nós nos apaixonamos no verão.”

2

Physical Action

Actions done to oneself (e.g., washing, dressing).

“Eu me lavo todos os dias.”

“Ela se veste rápido.”

3

Reciprocal Action

Actions done to one another.

“Eles se abraçaram.”

“Nós nos olhamos.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Falling in Love: Using Reflexive Verbs (Apaixonar-se)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Sub + Pron + Verb
Eu me apaixono
Negative
Não + Pron + Verb
Eu não me apaixono
Question
Pron + Verb + Sub?
Se apaixona você?
Infinitive
Verb + Pron
Apaixonar-se
Continuous
Estou + Pron + Verb-ndo
Estou me apaixonando
Past
Sub + Pron + Verb(past)
Eu me apaixonei

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Estou a apaixonar-me.

Estou a apaixonar-me. (Romantic confession)

Neutral
Estou me apaixonando.

Estou me apaixonando. (Romantic confession)

Informal
Tô me apaixonando.

Tô me apaixonando. (Romantic confession)

Slang
Tô caidinho.

Tô caidinho. (Romantic confession)

The Reflexive Loop

Apaixonar-se

Pronouns

  • me myself
  • te yourself
  • se himself/herself

Brazil vs Portugal Placement

Brazil (Proclisis)
Eu me apaixono I fall in love
Portugal (Enclisis)
Apaixono-me I fall in love

Do I need a reflexive pronoun?

1

Is the action directed at the subject?

YES
Use reflexive pronoun
NO
Use standard verb

Reflexive Verb Categories

❤️

Emotions

  • apaixonar-se
  • alegrar-se
🚿

Daily

  • lavar-se
  • vestir-se

Examples by Level

1

Eu me apaixono.

I fall in love.

2

Ela se apaixona.

She falls in love.

3

Nós nos apaixonamos.

We fall in love.

4

Você se apaixona?

Do you fall in love?

1

Eu não me apaixono rápido.

I don't fall in love fast.

2

Eles se apaixonaram ontem.

They fell in love yesterday.

3

Tu te apaixonas sempre.

You always fall in love.

4

Ela se apaixonou pelo livro.

She fell in love with the book.

1

Estou me apaixonando por você.

I am falling in love with you.

2

Apaixonei-me à primeira vista.

I fell in love at first sight.

3

Nós nos apaixonamos durante a viagem.

We fell in love during the trip.

4

Ele nunca se apaixonou antes.

He has never fallen in love before.

1

Se eu me apaixonasse, diria a você.

If I fell in love, I would tell you.

2

Eles se apaixonaram um pelo outro.

They fell in love with each other.

3

Apaixonar-se é um risco necessário.

Falling in love is a necessary risk.

4

Ela teria se apaixonado se pudesse.

She would have fallen in love if she could.

1

Apaixonando-me, perco a razão.

Falling in love, I lose my reason.

2

Não se apaixone por ilusões.

Don't fall in love with illusions.

3

É difícil não se apaixonar por este lugar.

It's hard not to fall in love with this place.

4

Tendo-me apaixonado, mudei de vida.

Having fallen in love, I changed my life.

1

Apaixonar-se-ia se o conhecesse.

She would fall in love if she knew him.

2

Não me apaixonara até aquele momento.

I hadn't fallen in love until that moment.

3

Que se apaixone quem quiser.

Let whoever wants to fall in love, fall.

4

Sejamos honestos: apaixonar-se é inevitável.

Let's be honest: falling in love is inevitable.

Easily Confused

Falling in Love: Using Reflexive Verbs (Apaixonar-se) vs Amar vs Apaixonar-se

Learners confuse 'to love' with 'to fall in love'.

Falling in Love: Using Reflexive Verbs (Apaixonar-se) vs Proclisis vs Enclisis

Placement of the pronoun.

Falling in Love: Using Reflexive Verbs (Apaixonar-se) vs Reflexive vs Reciprocal

Using 'se' for both.

Common Mistakes

Eu apaixono

Eu me apaixono

Missing the reflexive pronoun.

Eu se apaixono

Eu me apaixono

Wrong pronoun for 'Eu'.

Apaixono

Eu me apaixono

Missing subject and pronoun.

Me apaixono eu

Eu me apaixono

Incorrect word order.

Ele me apaixona

Ele se apaixona

Wrong pronoun for third person.

Nós apaixonamos

Nós nos apaixonamos

Missing reflexive pronoun.

Apaixona-me ele

Ele apaixona-se

Incorrect clitic placement.

Eu vou me apaixonar-se

Eu vou me apaixonar

Double reflexive.

Apaixonar-me

Apaixonar-se

Wrong infinitive form.

Se apaixonar-se

Apaixonar-se

Redundant pronoun.

Apaixonar-se-ia eu

Apaixonar-me-ia

Wrong pronoun for first person in mesoclisis.

Tendo apaixonado-me

Tendo-me apaixonado

Wrong clitic placement in compound tense.

Se eu apaixonasse

Se eu me apaixonasse

Missing pronoun in conditional.

Sentence Patterns

Eu me ___ por ___.

É difícil não se ___ por ___.

Nós nos ___ durante ___.

Se eu me ___, diria a você.

Real World Usage

Dating Apps constant

Estou me apaixonando por você.

Social Media very common

Me apaixonei por este look!

Romantic Novels common

Ela apaixonou-se perdidamente.

Job Interviews occasional

Preparei-me para este desafio.

Travel Blogs common

Apaixone-se por Lisboa.

Texting constant

Tô me apaixonando.

💡

Check the Preposition

Always use 'por' after 'apaixonar-se'.
⚠️

Don't drop the pronoun

It's not 'Eu apaixono', it's 'Eu me apaixono'.
🎯

Brazil vs Portugal

If you are in Brazil, put the pronoun first. If in Portugal, put it after.
💬

Intonation

In Brazil, the 'se' is often pronounced with a soft 'sh' sound.

Smart Tips

Remember to conjugate the pronoun too.

Eu apaixonar-se Eu me apaixono

Use the hyphen for the pronoun.

Eu me apaixono Apaixono-me

Place the pronoun before the gerund or after the auxiliary.

Estou apaixonando-me Estou me apaixonando

The 'não' always comes first.

Me não apaixono Não me apaixono

Pronunciation

se -> /si/ or /ʃi/

Sibilance

The 's' in 'se' is often pronounced as 'sh' in Portugal and Rio de Janeiro.

Rising for questions

Você se apaixona? ↗

Indicates a genuine inquiry.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember 'S.E.' stands for 'Self-Effect'. If the effect hits yourself, use the 'se' pronoun.

Visual Association

Imagine a boomerang. You throw the verb out, and the 'se' pronoun brings it right back to your chest.

Rhyme

When the action hits your heart, the 'se' pronoun plays its part.

Story

Maria looked in the mirror. She saw herself. She said, 'Eu me vejo'. Then she saw her crush. She felt her heart beat. She said, 'Eu me apaixono'.

Word Web

apaixonar-semetesenosreflexivosentimento

Challenge

Write 3 sentences about things you love using 'apaixonar-se' in 5 minutes.

Cultural Notes

Reflexive pronouns are almost always placed before the verb (proclisis). It sounds more relaxed and conversational.

Enclisis (pronoun after the verb) is standard and preferred in formal writing.

Usage follows European patterns but with unique rhythmic intonation.

Comes from Latin 'ad' + 'passionare'.

Conversation Starters

Você já se apaixonou por alguém à primeira vista?

É fácil se apaixonar por uma cidade nova?

Você se apaixona facilmente?

Como se apaixonar por um hobby?

Journal Prompts

Describe a time you fell in love with a place.
Is it better to fall in love slowly or quickly?
Write a short story about two people meeting.
Reflect on the concept of self-love.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.

Eu ___ apaixono por você.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Eu requires me.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono
Standard word order.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ela se apaixonou por ele.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
The sentence is already correct.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono
Correct order.
Translate to Portuguese. Translation

We fall in love.

Answer starts with: Nós...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos apaixonamos
Reflexive pronoun needed.
Conjugate for 'Tu'. Conjugation Drill

Tu ___ apaixonas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: te
Tu matches te.
Match subject to pronoun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me, te, se, nos
Correct mapping.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: apaixonar-se, eu, rápido

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono rápido
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.

Eu ___ apaixono por você.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Eu requires me.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono
Standard word order.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ela se apaixonou por ele.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
The sentence is already correct.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

apaixono / me / Eu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono
Correct order.
Translate to Portuguese. Translation

We fall in love.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos apaixonamos
Reflexive pronoun needed.
Conjugate for 'Tu'. Conjugation Drill

Tu ___ apaixonas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: te
Tu matches te.
Match subject to pronoun. Match Pairs

Match: Eu, Tu, Ele, Nós

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me, te, se, nos
Correct mapping.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: apaixonar-se, eu, rápido

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono rápido
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

7 exercises
Reorder the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

Reorder: [me] [apaixonei] [Eu] [pelo] [filme]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixonei pelo filme
Match the Portuguese phrase with its English equivalent. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixonei = I fell in love
Translate the sentence to Portuguese. Translation

They (masc) fell in love with the music.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles se apaixonaram pela música.
Select the correct European Portuguese form. Multiple Choice

How would you say 'I fell in love' in Lisbon?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Apaixonei-me
Complete the contraction. Fill in the Blank

Eu me apaixonei ___ (por + o) estilo dela.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pelo
Identify the incorrect pronoun usage. Error Correction

Você me apaixonou por ele.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Você se apaixonou por ele.
Reorder to ask a question. Sentence Reorder

Reorder: [apaixonou] [você] [Se] [por] [mim] [?]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Você se apaixonou por mim?

Score: /7

FAQ (8)

It's a reflexive verb. The action happens to the subject.

No, it's grammatically incomplete.

Always 'por'.

Regional syntax preference (proclisis vs enclisis).

Yes, like 'lavar-se'.

Yes, 'Eu me apaixonei'.

It's neutral.

'Nós nos apaixonamos'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Enamorarse

Spanish uses 'de', Portuguese uses 'por'.

French moderate

Tomber amoureux

French is not reflexive.

German high

Sich verlieben

German requires accusative case.

Japanese low

Koi ni ochiru

No reflexive pronouns.

Arabic low

Waqaa fi al-hub

No reflexive clitics.

Chinese low

Ai shang

No conjugation or reflexive markers.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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