B1 · 中级 章节 2

Reflexive Verbs for Life and Relationships

6 总规则
61 例句
6 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master essential reflexive verbs to describe your daily life and meaningful relationships with native-level precision.

  • Distinguish between reflexive social verbs and their transitive counterparts.
  • Apply correct prepositional structures for graduation, dating, and moving.
  • Navigate everyday social scenarios from meeting friends to saying goodbye.
Speak about your life with authentic Portuguese rhythm.

你将学到什么

Ready to truly elevate your Portuguese and express yourself like a native speaker? This chapter is going to be a game-changer! You'll dive deep into essential reflexive verbs that are at the heart of daily life and relationships. We'll unravel the nuances of 'Lembrar-se de' to elegantly recount memories and 'Esquecer-se de' to talk about forgetting, paying close attention to when to use that crucial 'de' and when to omit it – these details make all the difference! Planning to meet friends? You'll master 'Encontrar-se com' for arranging meetups, clearly differentiating it from simply 'encontrar' (to find an object). And when it's time to say goodbye, you'll confidently use 'Despedir-se de' to ensure you're not accidentally 'firing' someone! For talking about moving to a new home, 'Mudar-se' will become your go-to, ensuring you never confuse it with just 'moving' furniture. You’ll also learn how to use 'Aproximar-se de' to describe getting closer to someone, both physically and emotionally. And for those heartfelt moments, 'Apaixonar-se por' will teach you how to express falling in love beautifully. Finally, if you're looking to discuss your academic achievements, 'Formar-se em' will help you talk about graduating in a specific field with ease. By mastering these 8 rules, you'll be able to communicate more naturally and deeply about major life events, friendships, and romantic moments. Your conversations will become richer, more nuanced, and truly expressive. Let's get started!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 'encontrar' and 'encontrar-se' in social contexts.

章节指南

Overview

Welcome to a pivotal chapter in your B1 Portuguese journey! This guide is designed to help you master essential Portuguese grammar related to reflexive verbs, allowing you to express yourself with greater nuance and authenticity, especially when talking about daily life and relationships. As you progress in Portuguese grammar, understanding these verbs is crucial for sounding like a native speaker.
We'll dive into verbs like Lembrar-se de (to remember) and Esquecer-se de (to forget), highlighting the critical role of the preposition 'de'. You'll learn to differentiate between Encontrar (to find) and Encontrar-se com (to meet up with), and confidently use Despedir-se de (to say goodbye). We'll also cover Mudar-se (to move house), Aproximar-se de (to get closer), Apaixonar-se por (to fall in love), and Formar-se em (to graduate).
Mastering these verbs will significantly enrich your conversations about significant life events, friendships, and romantic connections, making your Portuguese sound much more natural and expressive.

How This Grammar Works

Reflexive verbs in Portuguese, often called pronominal verbs, describe actions where the subject performs and receives the action. They are characterized by the use of a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, vos, se) that matches the subject. In this chapter, we focus on specific reflexive verbs that are indispensable for discussing life's milestones and relationships.
  1. 1Lembrar-se de: This means
    to remember (of something/someone).
    It requires the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eu me lembro do nosso primeiro encontro. (I remember our first meeting.)
  1. 1Esquecer-se de: Similar to lembrar-se, this means
    to forget (of something/someone).
    It also uses the reflexive pronoun and de. The non-reflexive Esquecer means to forget something directly, without de.
* Ele se esqueceu do aniversário dela. (He forgot her birthday.)
* Eu esqueci a carteira em casa. (I forgot my wallet at home.)
  1. 1Encontrar-se com: Use this to express
    to meet up with someone
    by arrangement. The simple verb Encontrar means to find an object or to encounter someone by chance.
* Vamos nos encontrar no centro. (Let's meet downtown.)
* Eu encontrei um livro interessante. (I found an interesting book.)
  1. 1Despedir-se de: This means
    to say goodbye to someone.
    It always takes the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eles se despediram dos amigos no aeroporto. (They said goodbye to their friends at the airport.)
  1. 1Mudar-se: Use this verb specifically when you move house or relocate. The non-reflexive Mudar means to change generally.
* Nós nos mudamos para um apartamento maior. (We moved to a bigger apartment.)
* Preciso mudar de roupa. (I need to change clothes.)
  1. 1Aproximar-se de: This means
    to get closer to
    someone or something, both physically and emotionally. It requires the reflexive pronoun and de.
* Ele se aproximou dela lentamente. (He slowly got closer to her.)
  1. 1Apaixonar-se por: To express
    to fall in love with,
    you must use this reflexive verb with the preposition por.
* Eles se apaixonaram um pelo outro na universidade. (They fell in love with each other at university.)
  1. 1Formar-se em: This means to graduate in a specific field of study. It uses the reflexive pronoun and the preposition em.
* Ela se formou em engenharia civil. (She graduated in civil engineering.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu lembro aquele dia.
✓ Correct:
Eu me lembro daquele dia.
*Explanation:* The verb lembrar-se is pronominal when meaning
to remember (of something/someone)
and requires both the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, etc.) and the preposition de.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Nós vamos encontrar com nossos amigos.
✓ Correct:
Nós vamos nos encontrar com nossos amigos.
*Explanation:* When referring to arranging a meeting with people, the reflexive form encontrar-se com is the correct and most natural choice in Portuguese. The reflexive pronoun is essential.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele se apaixonou com ela.
✓ Correct:
Ele se apaixonou por ela.
*Explanation:* The verb apaixonar-se (to fall in love) always takes the preposition por to indicate the person one falls in love with, not com.

Real Conversations

A

A

Você se lembra da nossa viagem a Portugal no ano passado? (Do you remember our trip to Portugal last year?)
B

B

Claro que sim! E nos despedimos dos nossos amigos em Lisboa antes de voltar. (Of course! And we said goodbye to our friends in Lisbon before coming back.)
A

A

Ouvi dizer que a Maria se mudou para o Porto. (I heard Maria moved to Porto.)
B

B

Sim, ela se formou em arquitetura e conseguiu um ótimo emprego lá. (Yes, she graduated in architecture and got a great job there.)
A

A

Como o João e a Ana se apaixonaram? (How did João and Ana fall in love?)
B

B

Eles se aproximaram muito durante um projeto na faculdade e o resto é história! (They got very close during a university project and the rest is history!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between esquecer and esquecer-se de in Portuguese?

Esquecer is transitive and means to forget something directly, without a preposition (e.g., Esqueci a chave - I forgot the key). Esquecer-se de is pronominal and means

to forget about something or someone,
requiring the reflexive pronoun and de (e.g., Esqueci-me do compromisso - I forgot the appointment).

Q

When should I use mudar vs mudar-se in Portuguese?

Use mudar when you simply change something (e.g., Mudar de roupa - to change clothes). Use mudar-se specifically when you move house or relocate to a new place.

Q

Can I use encontrar to mean 'meet up with someone' in Portuguese?

While encontrar can sometimes imply a casual, unplanned encounter, for arranged meetings with people, it's much more common and natural to use the reflexive encontrar-se com.

Q

Is apaixonar-se always reflexive in Portuguese?

Yes, when expressing

to fall in love,
it is always used reflexively with the pronoun (apaixonar-se) and takes the preposition por to indicate with whom.

Cultural Context

These reflexive verbs are deeply embedded in everyday Portuguese conversations, especially when discussing personal experiences, relationships, and significant life events. Using them correctly is a hallmark of sounding natural and authentic. Despedir-se is a fundamental part of Portuguese social etiquette, while Apaixonar-se por is the standard, heartfelt way to express falling in love.
Mastering these forms demonstrates not just Portuguese grammar proficiency but also a grasp of cultural nuances in communication. They are used universally across Portuguese-speaking countries.

关键例句 (8)

1

Eu me despeço de vocês agora porque meu Uber chegou.

我现在得和大家说再见了，因为我的Uber到了。

道别 (Despedir-se)
2

Ela se despediu dos seguidores no Instagram antes de viajar.

她在旅行前向Instagram上的粉丝们道别。

道别 (Despedir-se)
3

Eu me mudei para um apartamento novo ontem.

I moved to a new apartment yesterday.

葡萄牙语搬家动词：Mudar-se (换新居)
4

Quando é que te mudas para Lisboa?

When are you moving to Lisbon?

葡萄牙语搬家动词：Mudar-se (换新居)
5

Eu me apaixonei por ela no primeiro dia de aula.

I fell in love with her on the first day of class.

爱上某人：反身动词的使用 (Apaixonar-se)
6

Você se apaixonou pelo novo álbum da Anitta?

Did you fall in love with Anitta's new album?

爱上某人：反身动词的使用 (Apaixonar-se)
7

Eu me formei em Engenharia Civil ano passado.

I graduated in Civil Engineering last year.

毕业与获得学位 (Formar-se)
8

Amiga, quando você se forma mesmo?

Girl, when do you graduate again?

毕业与获得学位 (Formar-se)

技巧与窍门 (4)

💬

巴西人的 'A Gente'

在巴西，90% 的随性计划都会用
A gente se encontra
而不是复杂的变位。这听起来非常接地气，像个当地人！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 见面与偶遇：Encontrar-se 的用法
⚠️

炒鱿鱼警告

除非你真的想告诉别人他们丢了工作，否则千万别忘了反身代词 (me, se, nos)！
Eu me despeço do professor.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 道别 (Despedir-se)
💡

Pronoun placement

Remember: EP = after, BP = before.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 葡萄牙语搬家动词：Mudar-se (换新居)
💡

“De” 字三明治

记得这个公式：[人] + [动作] + [DE] + [目标]。如果漏了 de，听起来就像你要变成那个目标了！例如：
Eu me aproximo da mesa.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 靠近：动词 Aproximar-se

核心词汇 (6)

encontrar-se to meet up despedir-se to say goodbye mudar-se to move house aproximar-se to get closer apaixonar-se to fall in love formar-se to graduate

Real-World Preview

calendar

Planning the Weekend

Review Summary

  • Encontrar-se + com + alguém
  • Despedir-se + de + alguém
  • Mudar-se + para + lugar
  • Aproximar-se + de + algo/alguém
  • Apaixonar-se + por + alguém
  • Formar-se + em + área

常见错误

You forgot the reflexive pronoun 'me'. Without it, 'encontrar' means 'to find' by chance.

Wrong: Eu vou encontrar com meu amigo.
正确: Eu vou me encontrar com meu amigo.

You need the preposition 'para' to indicate destination when moving.

Wrong: Vou me mudar casa nova.
正确: Vou me mudar para a casa nova.

The correct preposition for academic fields is 'em', not 'de'.

Wrong: Ele se formou de engenharia.
正确: Ele se formou em engenharia.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these verbs in your daily thoughts, and you'll be speaking like a native in no time.

Write a diary entry using 5 of the 6 reflexive verbs.

Continue to: Identifying Objects: Him, Her, and It

快速练习 (10)

Which is more natural in Brazil?

Eu me formei vs Formei-me

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei
Proclisis is standard in Brazil.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 毕业与获得学位 (Formar-se)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono
Standard word order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 爱上某人：反身动词的使用 (Apaixonar-se)

Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.

Eu ___ apaixono por você.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Eu requires me.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 爱上某人：反身动词的使用 (Apaixonar-se)

Choose the correct form.

Você ___ formou?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Você requires 'se'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 毕业与获得学位 (Formar-se)

哪句话的意思是“我和老师道别了”？

选择正确的翻译：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me despedi do professor.
Despedir o professor 意思是解雇老师。你需要反身代词 me 和介词 do (de + o)。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 道别 (Despedir-se)

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ela se apaixonou por ele.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
The sentence is already correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 爱上某人：反身动词的使用 (Apaixonar-se)

Choose the correct form.

Nós ___ para o Brasil.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct conjugation for 'nós'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 葡萄牙语搬家动词：Mudar-se (换新居)

填入正确的反身代词和动词形式（现在时）。

Eu ___ (despedir-se) de você agora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me despeço
主语是 Eu，所以反身代词用 me，不规则的现在时变位是 despeço。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 道别 (Despedir-se)

找出这句话中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós se despedimos da Maria ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos despedimos da Maria ontem.
主语 Nós 必须搭配反身代词 nos，而不是 se。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 道别 (Despedir-se)

Fill in the blank.

Eles ___ formaram ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Eles requires 'se'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 毕业与获得学位 (Formar-se)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

'Encontrar' 是及物动词，指找到物品或偶然碰到人。而 'Encontrar-se' 指的是相互的社交会面，或者是处于某种状态。比如
Eu encontrei meu celular
（我找到了手机）和
Nós nos encontramos
（我们见面）。
在巴西非正式口语中，Eu encontrei ela 表示“我碰到了她”是非常常见的。但在严谨的语法或正式写作中，建议使用自复位形式
Eu me encontrei com ela
。
不是哦！你也可以向一个地方或人生的某个阶段告别。比如：
Me despedi da minha antiga casa.
Tchau 是你嘴里说出的那个词，而 Despedir-se 是描述告别这个动作的动词。口语中说 tchau，叙事时用 despedir-se。比如：
Eu disse tchau e me despedi.
Only if you mean 'to change' something else, not your house.
It depends on the region (EP vs BP).
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Reflexive Verbs: Actions on Yourself
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