B1 · 中級 チャプター 2

Reflexive Verbs for Life and Relationships

6 トータルルール
61 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master essential reflexive verbs to describe your daily life and meaningful relationships with native-level precision.

  • Distinguish between reflexive social verbs and their transitive counterparts.
  • Apply correct prepositional structures for graduation, dating, and moving.
  • Navigate everyday social scenarios from meeting friends to saying goodbye.
Speak about your life with authentic Portuguese rhythm.

学べること

Ready to truly elevate your Portuguese and express yourself like a native speaker? This chapter is going to be a game-changer! You'll dive deep into essential reflexive verbs that are at the heart of daily life and relationships. We'll unravel the nuances of 'Lembrar-se de' to elegantly recount memories and 'Esquecer-se de' to talk about forgetting, paying close attention to when to use that crucial 'de' and when to omit it – these details make all the difference! Planning to meet friends? You'll master 'Encontrar-se com' for arranging meetups, clearly differentiating it from simply 'encontrar' (to find an object). And when it's time to say goodbye, you'll confidently use 'Despedir-se de' to ensure you're not accidentally 'firing' someone! For talking about moving to a new home, 'Mudar-se' will become your go-to, ensuring you never confuse it with just 'moving' furniture. You’ll also learn how to use 'Aproximar-se de' to describe getting closer to someone, both physically and emotionally. And for those heartfelt moments, 'Apaixonar-se por' will teach you how to express falling in love beautifully. Finally, if you're looking to discuss your academic achievements, 'Formar-se em' will help you talk about graduating in a specific field with ease. By mastering these 8 rules, you'll be able to communicate more naturally and deeply about major life events, friendships, and romantic moments. Your conversations will become richer, more nuanced, and truly expressive. Let's get started!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 'encontrar' and 'encontrar-se' in social contexts.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to a pivotal chapter in your B1 Portuguese journey! This guide is designed to help you master essential Portuguese grammar related to reflexive verbs, allowing you to express yourself with greater nuance and authenticity, especially when talking about daily life and relationships. As you progress in Portuguese grammar, understanding these verbs is crucial for sounding like a native speaker.
We'll dive into verbs like Lembrar-se de (to remember) and Esquecer-se de (to forget), highlighting the critical role of the preposition 'de'. You'll learn to differentiate between Encontrar (to find) and Encontrar-se com (to meet up with), and confidently use Despedir-se de (to say goodbye). We'll also cover Mudar-se (to move house), Aproximar-se de (to get closer), Apaixonar-se por (to fall in love), and Formar-se em (to graduate).
Mastering these verbs will significantly enrich your conversations about significant life events, friendships, and romantic connections, making your Portuguese sound much more natural and expressive.

How This Grammar Works

Reflexive verbs in Portuguese, often called pronominal verbs, describe actions where the subject performs and receives the action. They are characterized by the use of a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, vos, se) that matches the subject. In this chapter, we focus on specific reflexive verbs that are indispensable for discussing life's milestones and relationships.
  1. 1Lembrar-se de: This means
    to remember (of something/someone).
    It requires the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eu me lembro do nosso primeiro encontro. (I remember our first meeting.)
  1. 1Esquecer-se de: Similar to lembrar-se, this means
    to forget (of something/someone).
    It also uses the reflexive pronoun and de. The non-reflexive Esquecer means to forget something directly, without de.
* Ele se esqueceu do aniversário dela. (He forgot her birthday.)
* Eu esqueci a carteira em casa. (I forgot my wallet at home.)
  1. 1Encontrar-se com: Use this to express
    to meet up with someone
    by arrangement. The simple verb Encontrar means to find an object or to encounter someone by chance.
* Vamos nos encontrar no centro. (Let's meet downtown.)
* Eu encontrei um livro interessante. (I found an interesting book.)
  1. 1Despedir-se de: This means
    to say goodbye to someone.
    It always takes the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eles se despediram dos amigos no aeroporto. (They said goodbye to their friends at the airport.)
  1. 1Mudar-se: Use this verb specifically when you move house or relocate. The non-reflexive Mudar means to change generally.
* Nós nos mudamos para um apartamento maior. (We moved to a bigger apartment.)
* Preciso mudar de roupa. (I need to change clothes.)
  1. 1Aproximar-se de: This means
    to get closer to
    someone or something, both physically and emotionally. It requires the reflexive pronoun and de.
* Ele se aproximou dela lentamente. (He slowly got closer to her.)
  1. 1Apaixonar-se por: To express
    to fall in love with,
    you must use this reflexive verb with the preposition por.
* Eles se apaixonaram um pelo outro na universidade. (They fell in love with each other at university.)
  1. 1Formar-se em: This means to graduate in a specific field of study. It uses the reflexive pronoun and the preposition em.
* Ela se formou em engenharia civil. (She graduated in civil engineering.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu lembro aquele dia.
✓ Correct:
Eu me lembro daquele dia.
*Explanation:* The verb lembrar-se is pronominal when meaning
to remember (of something/someone)
and requires both the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, etc.) and the preposition de.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Nós vamos encontrar com nossos amigos.
✓ Correct:
Nós vamos nos encontrar com nossos amigos.
*Explanation:* When referring to arranging a meeting with people, the reflexive form encontrar-se com is the correct and most natural choice in Portuguese. The reflexive pronoun is essential.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele se apaixonou com ela.
✓ Correct:
Ele se apaixonou por ela.
*Explanation:* The verb apaixonar-se (to fall in love) always takes the preposition por to indicate the person one falls in love with, not com.

Real Conversations

A

A

Você se lembra da nossa viagem a Portugal no ano passado? (Do you remember our trip to Portugal last year?)
B

B

Claro que sim! E nos despedimos dos nossos amigos em Lisboa antes de voltar. (Of course! And we said goodbye to our friends in Lisbon before coming back.)
A

A

Ouvi dizer que a Maria se mudou para o Porto. (I heard Maria moved to Porto.)
B

B

Sim, ela se formou em arquitetura e conseguiu um ótimo emprego lá. (Yes, she graduated in architecture and got a great job there.)
A

A

Como o João e a Ana se apaixonaram? (How did João and Ana fall in love?)
B

B

Eles se aproximaram muito durante um projeto na faculdade e o resto é história! (They got very close during a university project and the rest is history!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between esquecer and esquecer-se de in Portuguese?

Esquecer is transitive and means to forget something directly, without a preposition (e.g., Esqueci a chave - I forgot the key). Esquecer-se de is pronominal and means

to forget about something or someone,
requiring the reflexive pronoun and de (e.g., Esqueci-me do compromisso - I forgot the appointment).

Q

When should I use mudar vs mudar-se in Portuguese?

Use mudar when you simply change something (e.g., Mudar de roupa - to change clothes). Use mudar-se specifically when you move house or relocate to a new place.

Q

Can I use encontrar to mean 'meet up with someone' in Portuguese?

While encontrar can sometimes imply a casual, unplanned encounter, for arranged meetings with people, it's much more common and natural to use the reflexive encontrar-se com.

Q

Is apaixonar-se always reflexive in Portuguese?

Yes, when expressing

to fall in love,
it is always used reflexively with the pronoun (apaixonar-se) and takes the preposition por to indicate with whom.

Cultural Context

These reflexive verbs are deeply embedded in everyday Portuguese conversations, especially when discussing personal experiences, relationships, and significant life events. Using them correctly is a hallmark of sounding natural and authentic. Despedir-se is a fundamental part of Portuguese social etiquette, while Apaixonar-se por is the standard, heartfelt way to express falling in love.
Mastering these forms demonstrates not just Portuguese grammar proficiency but also a grasp of cultural nuances in communication. They are used universally across Portuguese-speaking countries.

重要な例文 (6)

1

Eu me despeço de vocês agora porque meu Uber chegou.

Uberが来たので、これで失礼しますね。

別れを告げる (Despedir-se)
2

Ela se despediu dos seguidores no Instagram antes de viajar.

彼女は旅行前にインスタのフォロワーに別れを告げた。

別れを告げる (Despedir-se)
3

Eu me mudei para um apartmento novo ontem.

昨日、新しいアパートに引っ越しました。

ポルトガル語の引っ越し動詞: Mudar-se (新しい住まい)
4

Quando é que te mudas para Lisboa?

いつリスボンに引っ越すの？

ポルトガル語の引っ越し動詞: Mudar-se (新しい住まい)
5

Eu me formei em Engenharia Civil ano passado.

私は去年、土木工学を卒業しました。

卒業する (Formar-se)
6

Amiga, quando você se forma mesmo?

ねえ、卒業はいつだっけ？

卒業する (Formar-se)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💬

ブラジル流の 'A Gente'

ブラジルのカジュアルな会話では、90%くらいの確率で
A gente se encontra
が使われるよ。 Nós よりもずっとこなれて聞こえるんだ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「会う」と「見つける」：Encontrar-se の使い方
⚠️

「クビ」に注意！

再帰代名詞（me, se, nos）を忘れると、仕事から誰かを解雇する意味になります。友達には言わないように：
Eu despedi meu amigo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 別れを告げる (Despedir-se)
⚠️

似ている単語に注意！

引っ越しに Mover は使いません。もし
Eu movi para Lisboa
と言うと、自分が彫像のように運ばれたみたいに聞こえちゃうかも！
Eu me mudei para Lisboa.
が正解です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の引っ越し動詞: Mudar-se (新しい住まい)
💡

「de」のサンドイッチ構造

[人] + [動詞＋代名詞] + [DE] + [対象] の順番を意識してね。 de を忘れると、自分がその対象物自体になっちゃうかも！？
Eu me aproximo do prédio.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 近づくこと：動詞 Aproximar-se

重要な語彙 (6)

encontrar-se to meet up despedir-se to say goodbye mudar-se to move house aproximar-se to get closer apaixonar-se to fall in love formar-se to graduate

Real-World Preview

calendar

Planning the Weekend

Review Summary

  • Encontrar-se + com + alguém
  • Despedir-se + de + alguém
  • Mudar-se + para + lugar
  • Aproximar-se + de + algo/alguém
  • Apaixonar-se + por + alguém
  • Formar-se + em + área

よくある間違い

You forgot the reflexive pronoun 'me'. Without it, 'encontrar' means 'to find' by chance.

Wrong: Eu vou encontrar com meu amigo.
正解: Eu vou me encontrar com meu amigo.

You need the preposition 'para' to indicate destination when moving.

Wrong: Vou me mudar casa nova.
正解: Vou me mudar para a casa nova.

The correct preposition for academic fields is 'em', not 'de'.

Wrong: Ele se formou de engenharia.
正解: Ele se formou em engenharia.

このチャプターのルール (6)

1

「会う」と「見つける」：Encontrar-se の使い方

B1
予定を立てて「会う」なら encontrar-se com、探し物を「見つける」なら代名詞なしの encontrar を使おう！
Nós nos encontramos no shopping às 15h.
10 例文
2

別れを告げる (Despedir-se)

B1
別れの挨拶には despedir-se de を使いましょう。 se を忘れると誰かを「クビ」にしちゃうかも！
Eu me despeço de vocês agora porque meu Uber chego...
10 例文
3

ポルトガル語の引っ越し動詞: Mudar-se (新しい住まい)

B1
住む場所を変える（引っ越す）時は必ず mudar-se を使いましょう。家具を物理的に動かす mover とはしっかり区別して使いこなしてね！
Eu me mudei para um apartamento novo ontem.
10 例文
4

近づくこと：動詞 Aproximar-se

B1
主語が何かに近づくときは aproximar-se de を使おう。物理的な距離だけでなく、時間や目標にも使える便利なフレーズだよ。
O entregador está se aproximando da sua casa.
11 例文
5

恋に落ちる：再帰動詞の使い方 (Apaixonar-se)

B1
「恋に落ちる」と言う時は、必ず再帰代名詞と前置詞の por をセットで使いましょう。
Eu me apaixonei por ela no primeiro dia de aula.
10 例文
6

卒業する (Formar-se)

B1
卒業は「自分を形作る」イメージで formar-se を使い、専攻の前には em を添えるのがコツです！
Eu me formei em Engenharia Civil ano passado.
10 例文

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these verbs in your daily thoughts, and you'll be speaking like a native in no time.

Write a diary entry using 5 of the 6 reflexive verbs.

Continue to: Identifying Objects: Him, Her, and It

クイック練習 (10)

特定の人と「計画的に会う」ニュアンスが含まれているのはどっち？

正しい方を選んでね：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu encontrei-me com o Carlos.
最初の文はモノ（ペン）を見つけただけ。2番目の文は再帰代名詞 'me' と 'com' を使っているから、人との社会的な待ち合わせを意味するんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「会う」と「見つける」：Encontrar-se の使い方

この文章の間違いを見つけてください。

Nós se despedimos da Maria ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos despedimos da Maria ontem.
主語が 'Nós' の場合、再帰代名詞は 'se' ではなく 'nos' を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 別れを告げる (Despedir-se)

「私は先生に別れの挨拶をした」という意味の文はどれ？

Choose the correct translation:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me despedi do professor.
'Despedir o professor' は「先生をクビにした」という意味になります。別れの挨拶には再帰代名詞 'me' と前置詞 'do' が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 別れを告げる (Despedir-se)

足りない要素を見つけてね。

Find and fix the mistake:

O gato se aproxima rato com cuidado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O gato se aproxima do rato com cuidado.
前置詞 'de' を省略することはできないよ。 'de' + 'rato' で 'do rato' になるね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 近づくこと：動詞 Aproximar-se

正しい再帰代名詞と動詞の形（現在形）を選んでください。

Eu ___ (despedir-se) de você agora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me despeço
主語が 'Eu' の場合、再帰代名詞は 'me' になり、現在形の活用は不規則な 'despeço' になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 別れを告げる (Despedir-se)

正しい前置詞の結合形を空欄に入れてね。

Eu me aproximo ___ (de + a) janela para ver melhor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: da
Aproximar-se は前置詞 'de' を取るよ。 'de' + 'a' (窓) で 'da' になるんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 近づくこと：動詞 Aproximar-se

正しい再帰代名詞を入れてみましょう。

Eu ___ mudei para o Brasil ano passado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
主語が「Eu（私）」の時、再帰代名詞は必ず「me」になります。 Eu me mudei で一つのセットです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の引っ越し動詞: Mudar-se (新しい住まい)

足りない前置詞を補って、正しい文章にしてね。

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu me encontrei a Julia no cinema.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me encontrei com a Julia no cinema.
再帰形の 'encontrar-se' を使って「〜と会う」と言う時は、前置詞 'com' が絶対に必要だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「会う」と「見つける」：Encontrar-se の使い方

間違いを見つけて直してみよう！

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós se mudamos para o centro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos mudamos para o centro.
主語が Nós の時の代名詞は nos です。 se は彼らや彼女らの時に使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の引っ越し動詞: Mudar-se (新しい住まい)

ブラジル・ポルトガル語で「私たち（Nós）」に合う正しい再帰代名詞を入れてね。

Nós ___ encontramos no parque amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nos
主語が 'Nós' の時、再帰代名詞は必ず 'nos' になるよ。
Nós nos encontramos...
となるね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「会う」と「見つける」：Encontrar-se の使い方

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

'encontrar' はモノや人を「見つける」時に使い、 'encontrar-se' はお互いに「会う」や、ある状態に「ある」時に使うよ。
Eu encontrei a chave
（鍵を見つけた）と
Eu me encontrei com ele
（彼と会った）の違いだね。
ブラジルの口語では Eu encontrei ela（彼女にばったり会った）はすごく一般的だよ。でも、文法的に正しい書き言葉やフォーマルな場では再帰形の
Eu me encontrei com ela
を使おう。
はい、場所や人生の節目にも使えますよ。例えば「古い家に別れを告げた」ならこう言います：
Me despedi da minha antiga casa.
'Tchau' は実際に口にする言葉で、 'Despedir-se' はその「行為」を表す動詞です。会話では tchau と言い、後でそのことを話す時に me despedi と使います。
mudar はチャンネルや意見など「何かを変える」時に使い、 mudar-se は「自分が引っ越す」時に使います。
Eu mudei o canal.
と Eu me mudei. では意味が全然違いますよ。
いいえ、ダメなんです！ mover は物体を物理的に動かす時に使います。住居を変える時に使うと、ネイティブにはとても不自然に聞こえてしまいます。
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Reflexive Verbs: Actions on Yourself
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Identifying Objects: Him, Her, and It
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