B1 · متوسط فصل 2

Reflexive Verbs for Life and Relationships

6 القواعد الإجمالية
61 أمثلة
6 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master essential reflexive verbs to describe your daily life and meaningful relationships with native-level precision.

  • Distinguish between reflexive social verbs and their transitive counterparts.
  • Apply correct prepositional structures for graduation, dating, and moving.
  • Navigate everyday social scenarios from meeting friends to saying goodbye.
Speak about your life with authentic Portuguese rhythm.

ما ستتعلمه

Ready to truly elevate your Portuguese and express yourself like a native speaker? This chapter is going to be a game-changer! You'll dive deep into essential reflexive verbs that are at the heart of daily life and relationships. We'll unravel the nuances of 'Lembrar-se de' to elegantly recount memories and 'Esquecer-se de' to talk about forgetting, paying close attention to when to use that crucial 'de' and when to omit it – these details make all the difference! Planning to meet friends? You'll master 'Encontrar-se com' for arranging meetups, clearly differentiating it from simply 'encontrar' (to find an object). And when it's time to say goodbye, you'll confidently use 'Despedir-se de' to ensure you're not accidentally 'firing' someone! For talking about moving to a new home, 'Mudar-se' will become your go-to, ensuring you never confuse it with just 'moving' furniture. You’ll also learn how to use 'Aproximar-se de' to describe getting closer to someone, both physically and emotionally. And for those heartfelt moments, 'Apaixonar-se por' will teach you how to express falling in love beautifully. Finally, if you're looking to discuss your academic achievements, 'Formar-se em' will help you talk about graduating in a specific field with ease. By mastering these 8 rules, you'll be able to communicate more naturally and deeply about major life events, friendships, and romantic moments. Your conversations will become richer, more nuanced, and truly expressive. Let's get started!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 'encontrar' and 'encontrar-se' in social contexts.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Welcome to a pivotal chapter in your B1 Portuguese journey! This guide is designed to help you master essential Portuguese grammar related to reflexive verbs, allowing you to express yourself with greater nuance and authenticity, especially when talking about daily life and relationships. As you progress in Portuguese grammar, understanding these verbs is crucial for sounding like a native speaker.
We'll dive into verbs like Lembrar-se de (to remember) and Esquecer-se de (to forget), highlighting the critical role of the preposition 'de'. You'll learn to differentiate between Encontrar (to find) and Encontrar-se com (to meet up with), and confidently use Despedir-se de (to say goodbye). We'll also cover Mudar-se (to move house), Aproximar-se de (to get closer), Apaixonar-se por (to fall in love), and Formar-se em (to graduate).
Mastering these verbs will significantly enrich your conversations about significant life events, friendships, and romantic connections, making your Portuguese sound much more natural and expressive.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

Reflexive verbs in Portuguese, often called pronominal verbs, describe actions where the subject performs and receives the action. They are characterized by the use of a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, vos, se) that matches the subject. In this chapter, we focus on specific reflexive verbs that are indispensable for discussing life's milestones and relationships.
  1. 1Lembrar-se de: This means
    to remember (of something/someone).
    It requires the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eu me lembro do nosso primeiro encontro. (I remember our first meeting.)
  1. 1Esquecer-se de: Similar to lembrar-se, this means
    to forget (of something/someone).
    It also uses the reflexive pronoun and de. The non-reflexive Esquecer means to forget something directly, without de.
* Ele se esqueceu do aniversário dela. (He forgot her birthday.)
* Eu esqueci a carteira em casa. (I forgot my wallet at home.)
  1. 1Encontrar-se com: Use this to express
    to meet up with someone
    by arrangement. The simple verb Encontrar means to find an object or to encounter someone by chance.
* Vamos nos encontrar no centro. (Let's meet downtown.)
* Eu encontrei um livro interessante. (I found an interesting book.)
  1. 1Despedir-se de: This means
    to say goodbye to someone.
    It always takes the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eles se despediram dos amigos no aeroporto. (They said goodbye to their friends at the airport.)
  1. 1Mudar-se: Use this verb specifically when you move house or relocate. The non-reflexive Mudar means to change generally.
* Nós nos mudamos para um apartamento maior. (We moved to a bigger apartment.)
* Preciso mudar de roupa. (I need to change clothes.)
  1. 1Aproximar-se de: This means
    to get closer to
    someone or something, both physically and emotionally. It requires the reflexive pronoun and de.
* Ele se aproximou dela lentamente. (He slowly got closer to her.)
  1. 1Apaixonar-se por: To express
    to fall in love with,
    you must use this reflexive verb with the preposition por.
* Eles se apaixonaram um pelo outro na universidade. (They fell in love with each other at university.)
  1. 1Formar-se em: This means to graduate in a specific field of study. It uses the reflexive pronoun and the preposition em.
* Ela se formou em engenharia civil. (She graduated in civil engineering.)

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu lembro aquele dia.
✓ Correct:
Eu me lembro daquele dia.
*Explanation:* The verb lembrar-se is pronominal when meaning
to remember (of something/someone)
and requires both the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, etc.) and the preposition de.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Nós vamos encontrar com nossos amigos.
✓ Correct:
Nós vamos nos encontrar com nossos amigos.
*Explanation:* When referring to arranging a meeting with people, the reflexive form encontrar-se com is the correct and most natural choice in Portuguese. The reflexive pronoun is essential.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele se apaixonou com ela.
✓ Correct:
Ele se apaixonou por ela.
*Explanation:* The verb apaixonar-se (to fall in love) always takes the preposition por to indicate the person one falls in love with, not com.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Você se lembra da nossa viagem a Portugal no ano passado? (Do you remember our trip to Portugal last year?)
B

B

Claro que sim! E nos despedimos dos nossos amigos em Lisboa antes de voltar. (Of course! And we said goodbye to our friends in Lisbon before coming back.)
A

A

Ouvi dizer que a Maria se mudou para o Porto. (I heard Maria moved to Porto.)
B

B

Sim, ela se formou em arquitetura e conseguiu um ótimo emprego lá. (Yes, she graduated in architecture and got a great job there.)
A

A

Como o João e a Ana se apaixonaram? (How did João and Ana fall in love?)
B

B

Eles se aproximaram muito durante um projeto na faculdade e o resto é história! (They got very close during a university project and the rest is history!)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

What's the difference between esquecer and esquecer-se de in Portuguese?

Esquecer is transitive and means to forget something directly, without a preposition (e.g., Esqueci a chave - I forgot the key). Esquecer-se de is pronominal and means

to forget about something or someone,
requiring the reflexive pronoun and de (e.g., Esqueci-me do compromisso - I forgot the appointment).

Q

When should I use mudar vs mudar-se in Portuguese?

Use mudar when you simply change something (e.g., Mudar de roupa - to change clothes). Use mudar-se specifically when you move house or relocate to a new place.

Q

Can I use encontrar to mean 'meet up with someone' in Portuguese?

While encontrar can sometimes imply a casual, unplanned encounter, for arranged meetings with people, it's much more common and natural to use the reflexive encontrar-se com.

Q

Is apaixonar-se always reflexive in Portuguese?

Yes, when expressing

to fall in love,
it is always used reflexively with the pronoun (apaixonar-se) and takes the preposition por to indicate with whom.

السياق الثقافي

These reflexive verbs are deeply embedded in everyday Portuguese conversations, especially when discussing personal experiences, relationships, and significant life events. Using them correctly is a hallmark of sounding natural and authentic. Despedir-se is a fundamental part of Portuguese social etiquette, while Apaixonar-se por is the standard, heartfelt way to express falling in love.
Mastering these forms demonstrates not just Portuguese grammar proficiency but also a grasp of cultural nuances in communication. They are used universally across Portuguese-speaking countries.

أمثلة رئيسية (6)

1

Eu me despeço de vocês agora porque meu Uber chegou.

I'm saying goodbye to you all now because my Uber is here.

الوداع (Despedir-se)
2

Ela se despediu dos seguidores no Instagram antes de viajar.

She said goodbye to her followers on Instagram before traveling.

الوداع (Despedir-se)
3

Eu me mudei para um apartamento novo ontem.

انتقلتُ إلى شقة جديدة بالأمس.

فعل الانتقال البرتغالي: Mudar-se (تغيير السكن)
4

Quando é que te mudas para Lisboa?

متى ستنتقل إلى لشبونة؟

فعل الانتقال البرتغالي: Mudar-se (تغيير السكن)
5

Eu me apaixonei por ela no primeiro dia de aula.

I fell in love with her on the first day of class.

الوقوع في الحب: استخدام الأفعال الانعکاسية (Apaixonar-se)
6

Você se apaixonou pelo novo álbum da Anitta?

Did you fall in love with Anitta's new album?

الوقوع في الحب: استخدام الأفعال الانعکاسية (Apaixonar-se)

نصائح وحيل (4)

💬

سر البرازيليين: 'A Gente'

في البرازيل، 90% من الخطط اليومية بتستخدم 'A gente se encontra' بدل 'Nós nos encontramos'. أسهل بكتير وبتخليك تبان كأنك ابن البلد:
A gente se encontra lá.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اللقاء بالأشخاص: Encontrar-se (للمواعيد والصدف)
⚠️

The 'Firing' Slip-up

Never forget the reflexive pronoun (me, se, nos) unless you actually want to tell someone they are lost their job!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوداع (Despedir-se)
⚠️

تنبيه الصديق المزيف

لا تستخدم Mover للانتقال من منزلك! إذا قلت
Eu movi para Lisboa
، سيظن الناس أنك تمثال تم شحنه هناك:
Eu me mudei para Lisboa.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل الانتقال البرتغالي: Mudar-se (تغيير السكن)
💡

ساندوتش الـ 'De'

فكر فيها كأنها ساندوتش: [الشخص] + [الفعل بالضمير] + [DE] + [الهدف]. لو نسيت 'de'، كأنك بتقول إنك 'بقيت' الهدف نفسه!
Eu me aproximo do carro.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الاقتراب: فعل Aproximar-se

المفردات الرئيسية (6)

encontrar-se to meet up despedir-se to say goodbye mudar-se to move house aproximar-se to get closer apaixonar-se to fall in love formar-se to graduate

Real-World Preview

calendar

Planning the Weekend

Review Summary

  • Encontrar-se + com + alguém
  • Despedir-se + de + alguém
  • Mudar-se + para + lugar
  • Aproximar-se + de + algo/alguém
  • Apaixonar-se + por + alguém
  • Formar-se + em + área

أخطاء شائعة

You forgot the reflexive pronoun 'me'. Without it, 'encontrar' means 'to find' by chance.

Wrong: Eu vou encontrar com meu amigo.
صحيح: Eu vou me encontrar com meu amigo.

You need the preposition 'para' to indicate destination when moving.

Wrong: Vou me mudar casa nova.
صحيح: Vou me mudar para a casa nova.

The correct preposition for academic fields is 'em', not 'de'.

Wrong: Ele se formou de engenharia.
صحيح: Ele se formou em engenharia.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (6)

1

اللقاء بالأشخاص: Encontrar-se (للمواعيد والصدف)

B1
استخدم encontrar-se com للمواعيد واللقاءات المخطط لها، بينما encontrar العادية مخصصة لإيجاد الأشياء الضائعة. الكلمات المفتاحية: encontrar-se com، encontrar، com.
Nós nos encontramos no shopping às 15h.
10 أمثلة
2

الوداع (Despedir-se)

B1
Use 'despedir-se de' to say goodbye; forget the 'se' and you're firing someone!
Eu me despeço de vocês agora porque meu Uber chego...
10 أمثلة
3

فعل الانتقال البرتغالي: Mudar-se (تغيير السكن)

B1
استخدم mudar-se حصرياً لتغيير السكن، ولا تستخدم mover إلا إذا كنت تدفع الأثاث فعلياً. تذكر الضمائر me و se.
Eu me mudei para um apartamento novo ontem.
10 أمثلة
4

الاقتراب: فعل Aproximar-se

B1
استخدم 'aproximar-se de' لما تحب تعبر عن الاقتراب من هدف معين. افتكر دايماً إنك محتاج «ضمير انعكاسي» وحرف الجر de.
O entregador está se aproximando da sua casa.
11 أمثلة
5

الوقوع في الحب: استخدام الأفعال الانعکاسية (Apaixonar-se)

B1
To say you fell in love, always use a reflexive pronoun and the preposition por.
Eu me apaixonei por ela no primeiro dia de aula.
10 أمثلة
6

التخرج (Formar-se)

B1
دايماً «خرّج نفسك» (فعل انعكاسي) «في» تخصص معين، واستخدم me أو se أو nos مع حرف الجر em.
Eu me formei em Engenharia Civil ano passado.
10 أمثلة

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these verbs in your daily thoughts, and you'll be speaking like a native in no time.

Write a diary entry using 5 of the 6 reflexive verbs.

Continue to: Identifying Objects: Him, Her, and It

تدريب سريع (6)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me apaixono
Standard word order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوقوع في الحب: استخدام الأفعال الانعکاسية (Apaixonar-se)

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ela se apaixonou por ele.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
The sentence is already correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوقوع في الحب: استخدام الأفعال الانعکاسية (Apaixonar-se)

Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.

Eu ___ apaixono por você.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Eu requires me.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوقوع في الحب: استخدام الأفعال الانعکاسية (Apaixonar-se)

Fill in the blank.

Eu ___ (despedir-se) agora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me despeço
Reflexive pronoun matches subject.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوداع (Despedir-se)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me despeço.
Correct reflexive structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوداع (Despedir-se)

Find the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ele despediu da mãe.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: despediu
Needs 'se despediu'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوداع (Despedir-se)

Score: /6

أسئلة شائعة (6)

الفعل 'Encontrar' متعدٍ يعني إيجاد شيء أو شخص. أما 'Encontrar-se' فهو تبادلي أو منعكس يعني اللقاء الاجتماعي أو التواجد في حالة معينة مثل:
Nós nos encontramos ontem.
في البرتغالية البرازيلية العامية، نعم، 'Eu encontrei ela' شائعة جداً بمعنى 'صادفتها'. لكن في القواعد الصارمة أو الكتابة الرسمية، يفضل الشكل المنعكس:
Eu me encontrei com ela.
Tchau is casual; adeus is final.
Yes, for 'despedir-se'.
كلمة 'mudar' تعني تغيير شيء ما مثل رأيك أو القناة. أما 'mudar-se' فهي منعكسة وتعني حصرياً تغيير سكنك:
Eu me mudo amanhã.
لا! فعل 'mover' يشير إلى الحركة الجسدية لغرض ما. استخدامه للسكن يبدو غريباً جداً:
Eu movo a mesa.
الفصل السابق
Reflexive Verbs: Actions on Yourself
الفصل التالي
Identifying Objects: Him, Her, and It
العودة إلى خارطة الطريق