B1 · 중급 챕터 2

Reflexive Verbs for Life and Relationships

6 총 규칙
61 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master essential reflexive verbs to describe your daily life and meaningful relationships with native-level precision.

  • Distinguish between reflexive social verbs and their transitive counterparts.
  • Apply correct prepositional structures for graduation, dating, and moving.
  • Navigate everyday social scenarios from meeting friends to saying goodbye.
Speak about your life with authentic Portuguese rhythm.

배울 내용

Ready to truly elevate your Portuguese and express yourself like a native speaker? This chapter is going to be a game-changer! You'll dive deep into essential reflexive verbs that are at the heart of daily life and relationships. We'll unravel the nuances of 'Lembrar-se de' to elegantly recount memories and 'Esquecer-se de' to talk about forgetting, paying close attention to when to use that crucial 'de' and when to omit it – these details make all the difference! Planning to meet friends? You'll master 'Encontrar-se com' for arranging meetups, clearly differentiating it from simply 'encontrar' (to find an object). And when it's time to say goodbye, you'll confidently use 'Despedir-se de' to ensure you're not accidentally 'firing' someone! For talking about moving to a new home, 'Mudar-se' will become your go-to, ensuring you never confuse it with just 'moving' furniture. You’ll also learn how to use 'Aproximar-se de' to describe getting closer to someone, both physically and emotionally. And for those heartfelt moments, 'Apaixonar-se por' will teach you how to express falling in love beautifully. Finally, if you're looking to discuss your academic achievements, 'Formar-se em' will help you talk about graduating in a specific field with ease. By mastering these 8 rules, you'll be able to communicate more naturally and deeply about major life events, friendships, and romantic moments. Your conversations will become richer, more nuanced, and truly expressive. Let's get started!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 'encontrar' and 'encontrar-se' in social contexts.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to a pivotal chapter in your B1 Portuguese journey! This guide is designed to help you master essential Portuguese grammar related to reflexive verbs, allowing you to express yourself with greater nuance and authenticity, especially when talking about daily life and relationships. As you progress in Portuguese grammar, understanding these verbs is crucial for sounding like a native speaker.
We'll dive into verbs like Lembrar-se de (to remember) and Esquecer-se de (to forget), highlighting the critical role of the preposition 'de'. You'll learn to differentiate between Encontrar (to find) and Encontrar-se com (to meet up with), and confidently use Despedir-se de (to say goodbye). We'll also cover Mudar-se (to move house), Aproximar-se de (to get closer), Apaixonar-se por (to fall in love), and Formar-se em (to graduate).
Mastering these verbs will significantly enrich your conversations about significant life events, friendships, and romantic connections, making your Portuguese sound much more natural and expressive.

How This Grammar Works

Reflexive verbs in Portuguese, often called pronominal verbs, describe actions where the subject performs and receives the action. They are characterized by the use of a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, vos, se) that matches the subject. In this chapter, we focus on specific reflexive verbs that are indispensable for discussing life's milestones and relationships.
  1. 1Lembrar-se de: This means
    to remember (of something/someone).
    It requires the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eu me lembro do nosso primeiro encontro. (I remember our first meeting.)
  1. 1Esquecer-se de: Similar to lembrar-se, this means
    to forget (of something/someone).
    It also uses the reflexive pronoun and de. The non-reflexive Esquecer means to forget something directly, without de.
* Ele se esqueceu do aniversário dela. (He forgot her birthday.)
* Eu esqueci a carteira em casa. (I forgot my wallet at home.)
  1. 1Encontrar-se com: Use this to express
    to meet up with someone
    by arrangement. The simple verb Encontrar means to find an object or to encounter someone by chance.
* Vamos nos encontrar no centro. (Let's meet downtown.)
* Eu encontrei um livro interessante. (I found an interesting book.)
  1. 1Despedir-se de: This means
    to say goodbye to someone.
    It always takes the reflexive pronoun and the preposition de.
* Eles se despediram dos amigos no aeroporto. (They said goodbye to their friends at the airport.)
  1. 1Mudar-se: Use this verb specifically when you move house or relocate. The non-reflexive Mudar means to change generally.
* Nós nos mudamos para um apartamento maior. (We moved to a bigger apartment.)
* Preciso mudar de roupa. (I need to change clothes.)
  1. 1Aproximar-se de: This means
    to get closer to
    someone or something, both physically and emotionally. It requires the reflexive pronoun and de.
* Ele se aproximou dela lentamente. (He slowly got closer to her.)
  1. 1Apaixonar-se por: To express
    to fall in love with,
    you must use this reflexive verb with the preposition por.
* Eles se apaixonaram um pelo outro na universidade. (They fell in love with each other at university.)
  1. 1Formar-se em: This means to graduate in a specific field of study. It uses the reflexive pronoun and the preposition em.
* Ela se formou em engenharia civil. (She graduated in civil engineering.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu lembro aquele dia.
✓ Correct:
Eu me lembro daquele dia.
*Explanation:* The verb lembrar-se is pronominal when meaning
to remember (of something/someone)
and requires both the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, etc.) and the preposition de.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Nós vamos encontrar com nossos amigos.
✓ Correct:
Nós vamos nos encontrar com nossos amigos.
*Explanation:* When referring to arranging a meeting with people, the reflexive form encontrar-se com is the correct and most natural choice in Portuguese. The reflexive pronoun is essential.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele se apaixonou com ela.
✓ Correct:
Ele se apaixonou por ela.
*Explanation:* The verb apaixonar-se (to fall in love) always takes the preposition por to indicate the person one falls in love with, not com.

Real Conversations

A

A

Você se lembra da nossa viagem a Portugal no ano passado? (Do you remember our trip to Portugal last year?)
B

B

Claro que sim! E nos despedimos dos nossos amigos em Lisboa antes de voltar. (Of course! And we said goodbye to our friends in Lisbon before coming back.)
A

A

Ouvi dizer que a Maria se mudou para o Porto. (I heard Maria moved to Porto.)
B

B

Sim, ela se formou em arquitetura e conseguiu um ótimo emprego lá. (Yes, she graduated in architecture and got a great job there.)
A

A

Como o João e a Ana se apaixonaram? (How did João and Ana fall in love?)
B

B

Eles se aproximaram muito durante um projeto na faculdade e o resto é história! (They got very close during a university project and the rest is history!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between esquecer and esquecer-se de in Portuguese?

Esquecer is transitive and means to forget something directly, without a preposition (e.g., Esqueci a chave - I forgot the key). Esquecer-se de is pronominal and means

to forget about something or someone,
requiring the reflexive pronoun and de (e.g., Esqueci-me do compromisso - I forgot the appointment).

Q

When should I use mudar vs mudar-se in Portuguese?

Use mudar when you simply change something (e.g., Mudar de roupa - to change clothes). Use mudar-se specifically when you move house or relocate to a new place.

Q

Can I use encontrar to mean 'meet up with someone' in Portuguese?

While encontrar can sometimes imply a casual, unplanned encounter, for arranged meetings with people, it's much more common and natural to use the reflexive encontrar-se com.

Q

Is apaixonar-se always reflexive in Portuguese?

Yes, when expressing

to fall in love,
it is always used reflexively with the pronoun (apaixonar-se) and takes the preposition por to indicate with whom.

Cultural Context

These reflexive verbs are deeply embedded in everyday Portuguese conversations, especially when discussing personal experiences, relationships, and significant life events. Using them correctly is a hallmark of sounding natural and authentic. Despedir-se is a fundamental part of Portuguese social etiquette, while Apaixonar-se por is the standard, heartfelt way to express falling in love.
Mastering these forms demonstrates not just Portuguese grammar proficiency but also a grasp of cultural nuances in communication. They are used universally across Portuguese-speaking countries.

주요 예문 (4)

1

Eu me mudei para um apartamento novo ontem.

어제 새 아파트로 이사했어요.

포르투갈어 이사 동사: Mudar-se (새 집 구하기)
2

Quando é que te mudas para Lisboa?

언제 리스본으로 이사 가니?

포르투갈어 이사 동사: Mudar-se (새 집 구하기)
3

O entregador está se aproximando da sua casa.

배달 기사님이 당신의 집으로 다가오고 있습니다.

가까워지기: Aproximar-se
4

Não se aproxime da borda!

가장자리에 가까이 가지 마세요!

가까워지기: Aproximar-se

팁과 요령 (4)

💬

브라질식 'A Gente'

브라질에서 캐주얼한 약속을 잡을 땐 90%가 'Nós' 대신 'A gente'를 써요.
A gente se encontra
라고 하면 훨씬 현지인 같아요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 사람 만나기: Encontrar-se (약속 및 우연한 만남)
⚠️

'해고' 주의보!

재귀 대명사(me, se, nos)를 빼먹으면 상대를 해고한다는 뜻이 돼요. 친구에게 실수하지 않도록 꼭 챙겨주세요!
Eu me despedi do meu amigo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 작별 인사하기 (Despedir-se)
⚠️

가짜 친구 주의!

이사할 때 'Mover'를 쓰면 안 돼요! 만약
Eu movi para Lisboa
라고 하면, 사람들이 당신을 거대한 동상처럼 운반했다고 생각할 거예요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 이사 동사: Mudar-se (새 집 구하기)
💡

'De' 샌드위치 법칙

[사람] + [움직임] + [DE] + [대상] 순서를 기억하세요. de를 빼먹으면 내가 그 대상 자체가 된다는 뜻이 되어버려요!
Eu me aproximo da casa.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가까워지기: Aproximar-se

핵심 어휘 (6)

encontrar-se to meet up despedir-se to say goodbye mudar-se to move house aproximar-se to get closer apaixonar-se to fall in love formar-se to graduate

Real-World Preview

calendar

Planning the Weekend

Review Summary

  • Encontrar-se + com + alguém
  • Despedir-se + de + alguém
  • Mudar-se + para + lugar
  • Aproximar-se + de + algo/alguém
  • Apaixonar-se + por + alguém
  • Formar-se + em + área

자주 하는 실수

You forgot the reflexive pronoun 'me'. Without it, 'encontrar' means 'to find' by chance.

Wrong: Eu vou encontrar com meu amigo.
정답: Eu vou me encontrar com meu amigo.

You need the preposition 'para' to indicate destination when moving.

Wrong: Vou me mudar casa nova.
정답: Vou me mudar para a casa nova.

The correct preposition for academic fields is 'em', not 'de'.

Wrong: Ele se formou de engenharia.
정답: Ele se formou em engenharia.

이 챕터의 규칙 (6)

1

사람 만나기: Encontrar-se (약속 및 우연한 만남)

B1
사람들과의 사회적인 만남은 encontrar-se com을 쓰고, 잃어버린 물건을 찾는 건 그냥 encontrar를 사용한다는 것만 기억하면 돼요!
Nós nos encontramos no shopping às 15h.
10 예문
2

작별 인사하기 (Despedir-se)

B1
작별 인사를 할 때는 항상 despedir-se de 세트를 기억하세요! se를 깜빡하면 작별이 아니라 «해고»가 될 수 있으니 주의가 필요해요.
Eu me despeço de vocês agora porque meu Uber chego...
10 예문
3

포르투갈어 이사 동사: Mudar-se (새 집 구하기)

B1
집을 옮길 때는 꼭 mudar-se를 쓰세요. 가구를 밀거나 물건을 옮길 때만 mover를 쓴다는 걸 기억하면 완벽해요!
Eu me mudei para um apartamento novo ontem.
10 예문
4

가까워지기: Aproximar-se

B1
물리적으로나 비유적으로 무언가에 가까워질 때는 aproximar-se de를 사용하세요. me, se, nos 같은 재귀 대명사가 꼭 필요해요!
O entregador está se aproximando da sua casa.
11 예문
5

사랑에 빠지기: 재귀 동사 활용법 (Apaixonar-se)

B1
포르투갈어로 '사랑에 빠지다'라고 말할 때는 재귀대명사와 전치사 por를 세트로 사용하는 것만 기억하면 완벽해요!
Eu me apaixonei por ela no primeiro dia de aula.
10 예문
6

졸업하다 (Formar-se)

B1
스스로를 '졸업시킨다'는 느낌으로 me/se 재귀 대명사를 꼭 쓰고, 전공 앞에는 em을 붙여보세요!
Eu me formei em Engenharia Civil ano passado.
10 예문

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these verbs in your daily thoughts, and you'll be speaking like a native in no time.

Write a diary entry using 5 of the 6 reflexive verbs.

Continue to: Identifying Objects: Him, Her, and It

빠른 연습 (6)

빠진 요소를 찾아 문장을 완성하세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

O gato se aproxima rato com cuidado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O gato se aproxima do rato com cuidado.
대상을 나타낼 때는 전치사 'de'를 생략할 수 없어요. 'de' + 'o rato'가 합쳐져 'do rato'가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가까워지기: Aproximar-se

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 골라보세요.

'그녀는 졸업했다'를 올바르게 말한 것은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela se formou em História.
졸업하다라는 뜻일 때는 'se' 같은 재귀 대명사가 반드시 포함되어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 졸업하다 (Formar-se)

알맞은 전치사 축약형을 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Eu me aproximo ___ (de + a) janela para ver melhor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: da
Aproximar-se는 전치사 'de'를 동반해요. 'de'와 여성 관사 'a'가 만나면 'da'가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가까워지기: Aproximar-se

이 문장의 틀린 부분을 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós se formamos ano passado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos formamos ano passado.
주어 'Nós'(우리)는 재귀 대명사 'nos'와 함께 쓰여야 자연스러워요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 졸업하다 (Formar-se)

알맞은 재귀 대명사를 넣어 문장을 완성해 보세요.

Eu ___ formei em Biologia.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
주어가 'Eu'(나)일 때는 짝꿍인 재귀 대명사 'me'를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 졸업하다 (Formar-se)

재귀 대명사를 올바르게 사용한 문장을 고르세요.

다음 중 맞는 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos aproximamos da festa.
주어가 'Nós'일 때는 재귀 대명사로 반드시 'nos'를 사용해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가까워지기: Aproximar-se

Score: /6

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

'encontrar'는 물건이나 사람을 우연히 발견할 때 쓰고, 'encontrar-se'는 약속해서 만나거나 자신의 상태를 말할 때 써요. 예를 들어
Eu encontrei o João
라고 하면 길에서 우연히 본 느낌이죠.
브라질 구어체에서는 Eu encontrei ela라고 정말 많이 말해요. 하지만 문법적으로 정확하거나 격식 있는 자리에서는 재귀형을 써주는 게 좋아요.
아니요! 장소나 인생의 한 단계와 작별할 때도 써요. 예를 들어
Me despedi da minha antiga casa
(옛날 집과 작별했어)처럼 말이죠.
'Tchau'는 실제로 입 밖으로 내뱉는 인사말이고, 'Despedir-se'는 '작별 인사를 하다'라는 행동을 설명하는 동사예요.
Eu disse tchau ao me despedir
(작별 인사를 하며 안녕이라고 말했어)라고 할 수 있죠.
'Mudar'는 채널이나 의견 같은 무언가를 바꿀 때 쓰고, Mudar-se는 재귀형으로 '이사하다'라는 뜻이에요.
안 돼요! 'Mover'는 물건을 물리적으로 밀거나 옮길 때만 써요. 이사할 때 쓰면
Eu movi para casa
처럼 아주 어색하게 들려요.
이전 챕터
Reflexive Verbs: Actions on Yourself
다음 챕터
Identifying Objects: Him, Her, and It
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