Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master Portuguese pronouns to make your speech flow as naturally as a native speaker's.
- Replace nouns using indirect object pronouns like 'lhe' and 'lhes'.
- Distinguish between direct and indirect objects to avoid common errors.
- Attach pronouns to infinitives by modifying verb endings.
你将学到什么
Alright, amazing B1 learner! You've got the basics down, you're building sentences like a pro, but are you ready to make your Portuguese flow effortlessly, just like a native speaker? This chapter is your ticket! We're diving deep into direct and indirect object pronouns – the linguistic glue that helps you replace nouns like him, her, and it so you never sound repetitive again.
First, we'll tackle the masculine direct object pronouns like o (and its cool variations lo and no when attached to verbs). Imagine saying,
I read the book, *it* was great,instead of repeating
the book. Much smoother, right? Then, we'll introduce lhe and lhes for indirect objects – think to him or to her. This lets you elegantly say, I gave *him* the book,instead of
I gave the book to João.See the difference? Next, we'll clear up the common confusion between
o/a and lhe, so you always know whether you're talking about the object itself or the person receiving the action. Finally, get ready for some Portuguese magic: pronouns with infinitives! You'll learn how lo, la, los, and las cleverly attach to verbs, making those tricky «R,» «S,» or Z endings disappear and adding a crucial accent.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to effortlessly substitute nouns with the correct pronouns, making your conversations natural and sophisticated. You'll easily order it at a restaurant instead of awkwardly repeating the item, and your storytelling will glide seamlessly. Get ready to elevate your Portuguese to a truly fluent and elegant level!
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对他和对她：间接代词 (lhe, lhes)用
lhe和lhes代替“对他/她/他们”，让你的葡语瞬间变高级。记住这两个核心：lhe是单数，lhes是复数。 -
直接宾语与间接宾语 (o/a vs lhe)简单来说，动作直接作用的对象用
o/a，而动作的受益者或接收者用lhe。 -
不定式后的代词: Lo, La (fazê-lo)删掉末尾的 R/S/Z，给代词加个
L，并给a或e加上 «重音符号»。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use 'lhe' and 'lhes' to refer to people receiving an action.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between direct objects (o/a) and indirect objects (lhe/lhes) in complex sentences.
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3
By the end you will be able to: Correctly append 'lo/la/los/las' to infinitive verbs.
章节指南
Overview
I saw *him* instead of I saw João,or
I gave *her* the bookinstead of
I gave the book to Maria.These pronouns are crucial for smooth, flowing conversation and are a hallmark of confident B1 Portuguese grammar. We’ll demystify how to use o, a, os, as for direct objects, lhe and lhes for indirect objects, and tackle the common confusion between them. Get ready to unlock the magic of attaching pronouns like lo, la, los, las to infinitives, transforming your sentences with elegance and precision.
How This Grammar Works
to whom or for whom something is done. Lhe means to him, to her, to it, or to you (formal singular).to them or to you all (formal plural). They also typically precede the verb:- Verbs ending in -r: The -r is dropped, and an acute accent is added to the preceding vowel. o becomes -lo, a becomes -la, etc.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: Eu vi ele na rua.
- 1✗ Wrong: Eu dou a ele o presente.
a ele is sometimes used in Brazilian Portuguese for indirect objects, the more grammatically standard and concise way in Portugal, and generally considered correct, is to use the indirect object pronoun lhe (to him/her).- 1✗ Wrong: Eu vou fazer ele.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between o and lhe in Portuguese?
O (and a, os, as) replaces the direct object (the thing or person directly receiving the verb's action), while lhe (and lhes) replaces the indirect object (the person or thing indirectly receiving the action, often preceded by to or for).
When do I use -lo instead of o in Portuguese?
You use -lo (and -la, -los, -las) when the direct object pronoun attaches to an infinitive verb (ending in -r), or a verb ending in -s or -z. The verb ending is dropped, and an accent is added to the preceding vowel.
Where do Portuguese object pronouns usually go in a sentence?
In most standard affirmative sentences in European Portuguese, object pronouns precede the verb. However, with infinitives or imperative verbs, they attach to the end of the verb (e.g., fazê-lo, dá-lhe).
Are these pronouns different in Brazilian Portuguese vs European Portuguese?
Yes, there are significant differences. In Brazilian Portuguese, it's very common to use subject pronouns (ele, ela, eles, elas) as direct objects, or to rephrase using full nouns, rather than the standard object pronouns (o, a, os, as). Indirect pronouns (lhe, lhes) are used more similarly, but para ele/ela is also very common. European Portuguese adheres more strictly to the use of object pronouns.
Cultural Context
关键例句 (4)
技巧与窍门 (3)
巴西人的“偷懒”小技巧
lhe 太正式，直接说 para ele 或 para ela 就行，大家都这么说！ Eu dei o livro para ele.
‘Para’ 测试法
Dei o livro para João说得通，就用
lhe。关于 S 和 Z 的小秘密
Fi-lo com prazer.核心词汇 (5)
Real-World Preview
Helping a friend
Review Summary
- Subject + Verb + lhe/lhes + Object
- Subject + Verb + o/a/os/as
- Verb(-r/-s/-z) + -lo/la/los/las
常见错误
While grammatically possible, native speakers prefer 'lhe' to avoid redundancy.
You must drop the 'r' and add the circumflex accent before attaching the pronoun.
You used an indirect pronoun (lhe) for a direct object (the person you saw). Use 'o' for direct objects.
本章规则 (3)
Next Steps
You have mastered a very challenging part of Portuguese grammar! Keep practicing, and it will soon become second nature.
Rewrite 5 sentences from a news article using pronouns.
快速练习 (9)
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu vi lhe na rua.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 直接宾语与间接宾语 (o/a vs lhe)
Eu vou (comprar + o) ___ amanhã.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不定式后的代词: Lo, La (fazê-lo)
Choose the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 对他和对她：间接代词 (lhe, lhes)
Eu lhe vi ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 对他和对她：间接代词 (lhe, lhes)
Vou (escrever + a carta).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不定式后的代词: Lo, La (fazê-lo)
Find and fix the mistake:
Vou abrir-lo agora.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不定式后的代词: Lo, La (fazê-lo)
Eu comprei o livro e ___ li em um dia. (我买了那本书，一天就读完了它)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 直接宾语与间接宾语 (o/a vs lhe)
Eu ___ dei o presente que você queria. (to him)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 对他和对她：间接代词 (lhe, lhes)
你想说：“我把钥匙给了若昂。”
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 直接宾语与间接宾语 (o/a vs lhe)
Score: /9
常见问题 (6)
para ele/ela。比如给菜加盐： pôr sal nele。
não, nunca 这样的词会吸引代词。你必须说 Não lhe dei，而不能说
Não dei-lhe。tu)，请用 te。lhe + o 变成 lho。例如：Eu lho dei（我把它给了他）。这比较高级，B1阶段不用压力太大。Vou amá-lo.Quero vê-lo.
