B1 · 中级 章节 10

Focusing on the Action: Passive Voice

3 总规则
31 例句
5 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Shift your focus from who did it to what happened.

  • Master the 'Verb + jānā' structure to form passive sentences.
  • Report events and news using the past passive voice.
  • Express physical inability or impersonal rules naturally.
Focus on the result, not the doer!

你将学到什么

Hey friend! Ready to take your Hindi up a notch? In this awesome chapter, we're diving into the Passive Voice in Hindi. You might ask, why? Well, there are many times when you don't know who did something, or it simply doesn't matter who did it! Only the result or the action itself is important, not the person performing it. Here, you'll learn how to say a ton of things using the

Verb-Participle + jānā
structure. First, we'll see how you can hide the doer or express that you physically can't do something. For example, you want to say
The window was broken
but you don't know who broke it. Or maybe you want to say
Smoking is not allowed here.
Next, we'll focus on the past tense, meaning was done. Here, you'll learn how to use the past participle to report news or make your tone more official, like TV news reports or formal announcements. Finally, we'll connect all these pieces to learn how to talk about actions that happened without a doer, making your speech truly professional and natural. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to speak about events like a pro Hindi speaker, without getting confused about who did what, understand and even use important news phrases yourself, and most importantly, make your spoken tone completely natural and native. So let's go, there's a lot to learn!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to transform active sentences into passive ones using the correct gender agreement.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to describe historical events or news reports using the past passive 'gayā' structure.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to express that you cannot physically perform an action using the 'se... nahi' passive construction.

章节指南

Overview

Hey there, Hindi learners! Ready to level up your language skills? This chapter is your gateway to mastering the Passive Voice in Hindi, a crucial element for anyone aiming for B1 Hindi grammar proficiency.
Why is it so important? Well, sometimes you don't know who performed an action, or perhaps it's simply irrelevant. What truly matters is the action itself or its outcome.
Think about news headlines, formal announcements, or even just politely avoiding assigning blame – the passive voice is your go-to!
Understanding the Hindi passive voice will transform your ability to communicate naturally, allowing you to articulate events without always needing a specific doer. We’ll delve into the versatile
Verb-Participle + जाना (jānā)
structure, which is the backbone of forming passive sentences in Hindi. You'll learn how to express things like
The work was done
(काम किया गया) or
Smoking is not allowed
(धूम्रपान की अनुमति नहीं है).
This skill is vital for achieving a more sophisticated and native-like flow in your conversations. So, let’s unlock this powerful grammatical tool and make your Hindi truly shine!

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, the Hindi passive voice revolves around the auxiliary verb जाना (jānā), meaning to go, but here it acts as a marker for passivity. The general structure is Verb Participle + जाना. The participle agrees with the subject of the passive sentence, and जाना conjugates according to tense, aspect, and agreement.
Let's break down the rules covered in this chapter:
1. Hindi Passive Voice (Getting Things Done): This structure is used when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or when expressing inability.
* Structure: Verb Stem + आ/ई/ए (participle ending) + जाना (jānā)
* Example (hiding the doer):
काम किया जाता है। (Work is done.) – Here, we don't know or care who does the work.
पार्टी की तैयारी की जा रही है। (Party preparations are being made.)
* Example (expressing inability): This often uses the agent marker से (se) before the doer.
मुझसे चला नहीं जाता। (I cannot walk / Walking is not possible for me.)
उससे यह काम नहीं किया जाएगा। (He won't be able to do this work.)
2. Hindi Passive Voice: Past Participle (Was Done): This is particularly useful for reporting events, news, or adopting a formal tone. It focuses on actions completed in the past.
* Structure: Verb Stem + आ/ई/ए (participle ending) + जाना (jānā) in the past tense (e.g., गया, गई, गए - gayā, gaī, gaye). The participle and जाना agree with the grammatical subject.
* Example (news report/formal):
खिड़की तोड़ी गई। (The window was broken.) – The focus is on the broken window, not who broke it.
यह घोषणा कल की गई थी। (This announcement was made yesterday.)
कई किताबें पढ़ी गईं। (Many books were read.)
3. Hindi Passive Voice: Actions without Doers (Verb + जाना): This rule reinforces the idea that the action itself is paramount. It’s essentially the same as the general passive voice, emphasizing that the action happens or is done, often without explicitly mentioning an agent.
It's about the event taking place.
* यह नियम लागू किया जाएगा। (This rule will be implemented.)
* खाना खाया गया। (Food was eaten.)
By understanding these applications of जाना (jānā), you gain immense flexibility in expressing actions in Hindi, moving beyond simple active constructions and sounding more like a native speaker.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: मैंने काम किया गया। (I was done the work.)
✓ Correct: मुझसे काम किया गया। (The work was done by me.) OR काम किया गया। (The work was done.)
*Explanation:* When expressing the agent in a passive sentence, से (se) is typically used with the agent (मुझसे - *by me*), not the active agent marker ने (ne). If the agent is unknown or irrelevant, it can be omitted entirely.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: किताब पढ़ा गया। (The book was read.)
✓ Correct: किताब पढ़ी गई। (The book was read.)
*Explanation:* The participle (पढ़ी) and the form of जाना (gayī) must agree in gender and number with the grammatical subject of the passive sentence, which is किताब (kitāb - *book*), a feminine noun.

Real Conversations

A

A

यह प्रोजेक्ट कब तक पूरा किया जाएगा? (By when will this project be completed?)
B

B

इसे अगले महीने तक पूरा किया जाने की उम्मीद है। (It is expected to be completed by next month.)
A

A

क्या यहां धूम्रपान की अनुमति है? (Is smoking allowed here?)
B

B

नहीं, यहां धूम्रपान की अनुमति नहीं है। (No, smoking is not allowed here.)
A

A

समाचार में क्या बताया गया? (What was reported in the news?)
B

B

बताया गया कि नई नीतियां लागू की जाएंगी। (It was reported that new policies would be implemented.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How is the Hindi passive voice different from simply using से (se) to mean by?

While से (se) can mark the agent in a passive construction, the true passive voice in Hindi always involves the Verb Participle + जाना (jānā) structure. से (se) alone doesn't make a sentence passive; it just indicates the agent when the verb is already passive.

Q

Can all Hindi verbs be used in the passive voice with जाना (jānā)?

Generally, transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object) are most commonly used in the passive voice. Intransitive verbs can sometimes be used to express inability, like मुझसे चला नहीं जाता (I cannot walk).

Q

Is the passive voice common in everyday Hindi conversation?

Yes, it is quite common, especially when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or when expressing inability or formality. It adds a layer of sophistication and naturalness to your speech, particularly in formal contexts or when discussing general truths.

Cultural Context

The passive voice in Hindi is more than just a grammatical rule; it's a tool for nuanced communication. Native speakers frequently use it in formal settings like news reports, official announcements, or academic discussions to maintain objectivity and focus on the event rather than the individual. It's also culturally significant for politely avoiding direct blame or when discussing unfortunate events without singling out a culprit.
Furthermore, the inability passive (e.g., मुझसे खाया नहीं जाता - *I cannot eat*) is a very common and natural way to express physical limitations or lack of desire, making your Hindi grammar B1 level sound much more authentic.

关键例句 (6)

1

Yahan Hindi boli jaati hai.

Hindi is spoken here.

印地语被动语态 (事情被完成)
2

Mujhse aur nahi chala jaata.

I can't walk anymore.

印地语被动语态 (事情被完成)
3

Usse yah kām nahīñ kiyā gayā.

He was unable to do this work.

印地语被动语态：过去分词（被做了）
4

Chōr pulis dvārā pakaṛā gayā.

The thief was caught by the police.

印地语被动语态：过去分词（被做了）
5

चाय पी गई।

茶被喝了。

印地语被动语态：没有执行者的动作 (Verb + जाना)
6

मैसेज भेजा जा रहा है।

消息正在发送。

印地语被动语态：没有执行者的动作 (Verb + जाना)

技巧与窍门 (3)

💡

Focus on the Object

Always look at the object first. If it's feminine, your verb must be feminine.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态 (事情被完成)
💡

Check Gender

Always check the gender of the object before choosing 'gaya' or 'gayi'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：过去分词（被做了）
💡

宾语才是王道

动词永远要看宾语的性数。比如茶（chai）是阴性，无论谁在喝，动词都要用 ee 结尾： «चाय पी गई।»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：没有执行者的动作 (Verb + जाना)

核心词汇 (6)

खिड़की(khidki) window समाचार(samachar) news अनुमति(anumati) permission तोड़ना(todna) to break भेजना(bhejna) to send बनाना(banana) to make/build

Real-World Preview

tv

Watching the Evening News

briefcase

The Formal Office Sign

Review Summary

  • [Perfective Participle] + [jānā (conjugated)]
  • [Perfective Participle] + [gayā/gaye/gayī]
  • [Subject + se] + [Perfective Participle] + [nahī̃ jātā]

常见错误

Do not use 'ne' in passive sentences. If you want to mention the doer, use 'ke dwara' or 'se', but usually, the doer is just omitted.

Wrong: मैंने खाना बनाया जाता है (Maine khana banaya jaata hai)
正确: खाना बनाया जाता है (Khana banaya jaata hai)

The verb must agree with the object. Since 'Chai' (tea) is feminine, both the participle 'pee' and the auxiliary 'gayi' must be feminine.

Wrong: चाय पिया गया (Chai piya gaya)
正确: चाय पी गई (Chai pee gayi)

To express inability, you must use the passive structure (Participle + jaata), not the simple present tense.

Wrong: मुझसे नहीं पढ़ता (Mujhse nahi padhta)
正确: मुझसे पढ़ा नहीं जाता (Mujhse padha nahi jaata)

Next Steps

You've reached a major milestone! Passive voice is the bridge to formal and literary Hindi. Keep practicing, and you'll be reading newspapers in no time!

Read a Hindi news headline and identify the passive verb.

Describe three things in your room using the passive voice (e.g., 'The door is closed').

Continue to: Conditionals, Experiences & Habitual Actions

快速练习 (9)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

किताब पढ़ा गया।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kitab padhi gayi.
Kitab is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态 (事情被完成)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Usne kaam kiya gaya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kaam kiya gaya
Remove 'ne'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：过去分词（被做了）

修正下面这个表示“无能为力”句子中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

मुझसे यह किताब नहीं पढ़ा जाता।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मुझसे यह किताब नहीं पढ़ी जाती。
'Kitaab' (书) 是阴性，所以被动语态的动词必须匹配：'padhee jaatee'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：没有执行者的动作 (Verb + जाना)

哪句话正确表达了“这里讲印地语”？

选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: यहाँ हिंदी बोली जाती है。
'Hindi' 是阴性名词，所以动词必须是 'boli jaati' 以保持一致。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：没有执行者的动作 (Verb + जाना)

Choose the correct form.

Chai ___ gayi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: banayi
Chai is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：过去分词（被做了）

Fill in the blank with the correct passive form.

काम ___ (karna) गया।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kiya
Past participle of karna is kiya.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态 (事情被完成)

请用 'khana' (吃) 的正确被动形式填空。

सारा खाना ___ । (所有的食物都被吃了)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: खाया गया
'Khaana' 是阳性单数，所以我们用过去分词 'khaaya' 加上被动助动词 'gaya'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：没有执行者的动作 (Verb + जाना)

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Patra likha gaya.
Patra is masculine singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态 (事情被完成)

Fill in the blank.

Kaam ___ gaya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kiya
Masculine singular object.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语被动语态：过去分词（被做了）

Score: /9

常见问题 (6)

No, it sounds unnatural. Use it only when the focus is on the action.
It means 'by' and is used to introduce the agent in a passive sentence.
No, never. 'Ne' is only for active transitive past tense.
It's the standard auxiliary for the passive voice in Hindi.
通常用于及物动词（有宾语的）。像“睡觉”或“坐”这类词很少用，除非你想表达“没法做某事”，比如 «मुझसे सोया नहीं जाता।»
是的，'ke dvaara' 多见于新闻或书面。日常对话中我们常用 'se' 或者干脆不提是谁做的，例如 «चोर पकड़ा गया।»
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