Explanation at your level:
Hi there! Already is a word that means something happened before now. Imagine you have a yummy cookie. If you ate it already, it means you ate it before this very moment. So, if someone asks, 'Did you eat your cookie?' and you say 'Yes, I already ate it!', it means the cookie is gone now because you ate it earlier. It’s like saying 'It's done!' or 'It happened before!' Easy peasy!
Hello! The word already is an adverb that tells us an action was completed before the present time. Think about your plans for the day. If you planned to watch a movie at 3 PM, and it's only 2 PM, but you say, 'I've already watched the movie,' it means you finished watching it earlier than planned. We often use it with 'have' or 'has'. For example, 'He has already finished his homework.' This means his homework is done now, before we even asked.
Hey! Already is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or been done prior to the present moment, often sooner than expected. It's commonly used with the present perfect tense. For example, 'I've already booked the tickets,' means the booking is complete now. You might also use it to express mild surprise, like, 'Are you leaving already?' This implies their departure is happening sooner than you thought. It helps clarify the timing of events, showing they are in the past relative to the current point in the conversation.
Hello! Already functions as an adverb signifying completion or occurrence before a specified time, frequently implying earliness or that an event has transpired sooner than anticipated. Its typical placement is after auxiliary verbs (like 'have', 'has', 'had') and before the main verb in perfect tenses: 'She has already accepted the offer.' It can also be used to express mild exasperation or surprise when someone arrives or completes something very quickly: 'You’re here already?' In more formal contexts, it reinforces the notion of prior completion, distinguishing it from simple past actions by emphasizing the temporal relationship to the present or another past reference point.
Greetings! The adverb already denotes that an action or state has been realized prior to the current juncture or a relevant temporal reference point. Its usage often imbues the statement with a sense of precedence, sometimes implying that the event occurred with unexpected celerity. Consider its role in constructions like 'By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already escaped.' Here, it establishes the sequence of events definitively. In nuanced discourse, already can subtly convey anticipation, confirmation, or even a degree of resignation, depending on the context and intonation. It's a marker of completed action relative to a temporal frame.
Esteemed learner, already, derived from the Old English 'eall redy' signifying 'completely ready', functions primarily as an adverb indicating that an action, event, or state has occurred or been completed prior to the present moment or a designated temporal benchmark. Its etymological roots underscore a sense of thorough completion. In advanced usage, already can carry subtle connotations of inevitability, preemptive action, or even a slight ironic detachment, particularly when juxtaposed with expectations. For instance, 'He found himself already embroiled in the conflict' suggests a situation that developed rapidly and perhaps unexpectedly. Its grammatical positioning, typically mid-sentence following auxiliaries, reinforces its role as a temporal modifier, distinguishing it from simple past tense markers by emphasizing the anteriority of the action relative to the narrative time.
30초 단어
- Indicates an action completed before the present time.
- Often implies earliness or completion sooner than expected.
- Commonly used with present perfect and past perfect tenses.
- Placement is typically mid-sentence after auxiliary verbs.
Hey there! Let's dive into the word already. It's a super useful adverb that tells us something happened before now. Think of it as a little signal that an event has passed its timing. It’s often used when we’re talking about things that are completed or have taken place sooner than we might have anticipated. For example, if someone asks if you've finished your homework, you might say, 'Yes, I've already done it!' This shows that the action of doing homework is complete.
The key idea behind already is that of prior occurrence. It’s not just about something happening in the past, but specifically about it happening before the current moment or before a relevant future point. It adds a layer of information about the timing and often the completeness of an action. We use it in all sorts of situations, from casual chats to more formal discussions, to make our meaning clearer about when things have happened.
The word already has a pretty straightforward history, stemming from Old English. It’s essentially a combination of the word 'all' and the adverb 'redy' or 'ready'. So, its earliest form literally meant something like 'all ready' or 'completely ready'. Over time, this evolved into the adverb we use today, shifting its meaning from a state of readiness to the indication of something having been completed or occurring prior to a certain time.
Think about how 'ready' implies a state of being prepared. When we add 'all' to it, it emphasizes that this preparedness or completion is total. This emphasis on completeness naturally led to its use as an adverb signifying that an action is already done, not just partially, but fully. It’s fascinating how language evolves; what once meant 'fully prepared' now often means 'completed before now'. This shift reflects how we use language to express nuances of time and completion.
You'll find already popping up in all sorts of sentences! It's incredibly versatile. We often use it with the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) to talk about experiences or completed actions. For instance, 'Have you already seen that movie?' or 'She has already finished her project.' It fits perfectly when you want to emphasize that something happened sooner than expected, like, 'Wow, you're here already?'
Already can also appear in other tenses, though it's most common with the present perfect. You might hear, 'By the time we arrived, they had already left.' Here, it refers to an action completed before another past action. In casual conversation, it can even express mild surprise or impatience. Think about common phrases like 'already done', 'already there', or 'already know'. These are quick ways to convey that something is complete or has happened. Remember, it usually comes after auxiliary verbs (like 'have', 'has', 'had') or before the main verb.
While already isn't typically part of many distinct idioms, its meaning is woven into common expressions that highlight completion or earliness. Here are a few ways its sense of 'before now' is used:
- Already done: This is a very common phrase meaning that a task or activity is completed. Example: 'Don't worry about the dishes; they're already done.'
- Already there: This can be literal, meaning someone has arrived at a destination, or figurative, meaning someone has reached a certain level of understanding or achievement. Example (literal): 'The package is already there.' Example (figurative): 'She's already there in terms of her career goals.'
- You're telling me! (Implied 'already'): While not containing the word itself, this exclamation is often used in response to something the speaker already knows or agrees with strongly, implying 'I'm already aware of that!' Example: 'This traffic is terrible.' 'You're telling me!'
- As yet / Yet (as antonyms): The opposite sense is often conveyed using 'as yet' or 'yet' (especially in negative sentences or questions), meaning 'not already'. Example: 'He hasn't arrived yet.'
Pronunciation: The word already is pronounced awl-RED-ee. The stress is on the second syllable, 'RED'. You might hear a slight variation in the first syllable, sometimes closer to 'all' or 'ol'. In American English, the final 'y' often sounds like a short 'ee', while in British English it's similar. It’s a three-syllable word.
Placement: As an adverb, already usually sits in a few key spots in a sentence. Most commonly, it goes after auxiliary verbs (like 'have', 'has', 'had', 'is', 'are', 'was', 'were') and before the main verb. Examples: 'I have already eaten.' 'She is already here.' 'They had already left.' Sometimes, for emphasis, it can go at the beginning or end of a sentence: 'Already, I regret my decision.' or 'I regret my decision, already.'
Tense Usage: It's most frequently paired with the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) to talk about actions completed at an unspecified time before now. It can also be used with the past perfect ('had + past participle') to indicate an action completed before another past action. While less common, it can appear with simple past or other tenses to emphasize earliness.
Fun Fact
The shift from meaning 'fully prepared' to 'completed before now' shows how emphasis on readiness evolved into an emphasis on prior completion.
Pronunciation Guide
Sounds like 'awl-RED-ee', with the main stress on the second syllable.
Similar to UK, 'awl-RED-ee', stress on the second syllable.
Common Errors
- Misplacing stress (e.g., stressing the first or third syllable).
- Pronouncing the first 'a' too strongly like in 'apple'.
- Making the final 'y' sound like 'eye'.
Rhymes With
Difficulty Rating
Easy to read in most contexts.
Straightforward placement, but nuances exist.
Very common in speech, natural flow.
Easily recognizable.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
고급
Grammar to Know
Present Perfect Tense
I have already finished.
Past Perfect Tense
They had already left.
Adverb Placement
She is already here.
Examples by Level
I already ate.
I / already / ate.
'ate' is the past of 'eat'.
The bus is already here.
The / bus / is / already / here.
Use 'is' for one thing.
She already knows.
She / already / knows.
'knows' is for 'she' or 'he'.
We already played.
We / already / played.
'played' is the past of 'play'.
Is it already late?
Is / it / already / late?
Start questions with 'Is'.
He already left.
He / already / left.
'left' is the past of 'leave'.
My mom already cooked.
My / mom / already / cooked.
'cooked' is the past of 'cook'.
I already finished my book.
I / already / finished / my / book.
'finished' is the past of 'finish'.
I've already finished my homework.
I have / already / finished / my / homework.
Present perfect: have + past participle.
The train has already departed.
The / train / has / already / departed.
'Departed' means left.
Are you already leaving?
Are / you / already / leaving?
Use 'Are you' for questions.
She already knows the answer.
She / already / knows / the / answer.
'Knows' is used with 'she', 'he', 'it'.
We've already eaten lunch.
We have / already / eaten / lunch.
Common to use 'already' with 'have eaten'.
He already bought the tickets.
He / already / bought / the / tickets.
'Bought' is the past tense of 'buy'.
Has he arrived already?
Has / he / arrived / already?
Question word order: Has + subject + verb.
The store is already closed.
The / store / is / already / closed.
'Closed' means not open.
I've already told him three times.
I have / already / told / him / three / times.
Present perfect emphasizes the repetition and completion.
They had already left by the time we got there.
They / had / already / left / by / the / time / we / got / there.
Past perfect ('had left') used for an action completed before another past action.
Are you sure you want to go already?
Are / you / sure / you / want / to / go / already?
Expresses surprise at the earliness of an action.
The report has already been submitted.
The / report / has / already / been / submitted.
Passive voice: has been + past participle.
We thought we were the first ones, but they were already here.
We / thought / we / were / the / first / ones, / but / they / were / already / here.
Contrasts expectation with reality.
Don't worry, I've already taken care of it.
Don't / worry, / I've / already / taken / care / of / it.
Reassuring someone that a task is complete.
She's already achieved so much at such a young age.
She's / already / achieved / so / much / at / such / a / young / age.
Highlights significant accomplishment at an early stage.
The flight was delayed, so we missed our connection, which we had already confirmed.
The / flight / was / delayed, / so / we / missed / our / connection, / which / we / had / already / confirmed.
Past perfect emphasizes prior confirmation before the problem occurred.
By the time we arrived, the performance had already begun.
By / the / time / we / arrived, / the / performance / had / already / begun.
Past perfect ('had begun') clearly establishes the sequence of events.
He's only 25, but he's already a senior manager.
He's / only / 25, / but / he's / already / a / senior / manager.
Emphasizes the earliness of the achievement relative to age.
I can't believe you've already finished the entire book!
I / can't / believe / you've / already / finished / the / entire / book!
Expresses surprise and admiration for the speed of completion.
The situation had already deteriorated significantly before intervention.
The / situation / had / already / deteriorated / significantly / before / intervention.
Formal context, indicating a negative state prior to action.
We were hoping for a quiet evening, but the neighbours were already making a racket.
We / were / hoping / for / a / quiet / evening, / but / the / neighbours / were / already / making / a / racket.
Highlights an ongoing, undesirable situation that was already in progress.
She had already made her decision and wasn't open to discussion.
She / had / already / made / her / decision / and / wasn't / open / to / discussion.
Past perfect emphasizes finality before the attempt to discuss.
The early bird catches the worm, or so they say; I'm already having my second cup of coffee.
The / early / bird / catches / the / worm, / or / so / they / say; / I'm / already / having / my / second / cup / of / coffee.
Connects a proverb with personal experience of being early.
The project was supposed to be completed next month, but we've already hit the major milestones.
The / project / was / supposed / to / be / completed / next / month, / but / we've / already / hit / the / major / milestones.
Indicates significant progress ahead of schedule.
The region had already been grappling with drought for years before the international aid arrived.
The / region / had / already / been / grappling / with / drought / for / years / before / the / international / aid / arrived.
Past perfect continuous ('had been grappling') emphasizes the duration of the problem prior to the event.
He found himself already anticipating the consequences of his hasty decision.
He / found / himself / already / anticipating / the / consequences / of / his / hasty / decision.
Suggests a proactive or perhaps resigned mental state about future outcomes.
Despite the initial setbacks, the team had already laid the groundwork for a successful launch.
Despite / the / initial / setbacks, / the / team / had / already / laid / the / groundwork / for / a / successful / launch.
Highlights foundational work completed before major progress.
She felt a pang of regret, realizing she had already alienated her closest allies.
She / felt / a / pang / of / regret, / realizing / she / had / already / alienated / her / closest / allies.
Past perfect emphasizes the completion of a negative action leading to regret.
The city was already transforming into a tourist hub before the new infrastructure project was even announced.
The / city / was / already / transforming / into / a / tourist / hub / before / the / new / infrastructure / project / was / even / announced.
Indicates a pre-existing trend that was already underway.
We had already booked our accommodation, unaware that the festival would coincide with our visit.
We / had / already / booked / our / accommodation, / unaware / that / the / festival / would / coincide / with / our / visit.
Past perfect highlights a prior action whose implications were not yet understood.
By the time the investigation concluded, the suspect had already absconded.
By / the / time / the / investigation / concluded, / the / suspect / had / already / absconded.
Formal vocabulary ('absconded') used in a legal/investigative context.
He’s achieved a level of mastery few could have already predicted at his age.
He’s / achieved / a / level / of / mastery / few / could / have / already / predicted / at / his / age.
Suggests that the current level of skill surpasses even earlier predictions.
The nascent technology had already begun to disrupt established industries before its full potential was widely recognized.
The / nascent / technology / had / already / begun / to / disrupt / established / industries / before / its / full / potential / was / widely / recognized.
Uses advanced vocabulary ('nascent', 'disrupt') and past perfect to show precedence.
He found himself already contemplating the philosophical ramifications of his discovery.
He / found / himself / already / contemplating / the / philosophical / ramifications / of / his / discovery.
Implies deep, perhaps premature, consideration of abstract consequences.
The political landscape had already shifted seismically prior to the election results being announced.
The / political / landscape / had / already / shifted / seismically / prior / to / the / election / results / being / announced.
Uses strong metaphor ('seismically') and formal structure.
She felt anachronistically out of place, realizing her meticulously planned strategy was already obsolete.
She / felt / anachronistically / out / of / place, / realizing / her / meticulously / planned / strategy / was / already / obsolete.
Employs sophisticated vocabulary ('anachronistically', 'obsolete') and past perfect.
The cultural zeitgeist was already leaning towards minimalism long before the economic downturn.
The / cultural / zeitgeist / was / already / leaning / towards / minimalism / long / before / the / economic / downturn.
Uses 'zeitgeist' and implies a pre-existing trend.
We had already committed significant resources, rendering any subsequent re-evaluation practically impossible.
We / had / already / committed / significant / resources, / rendering / any / subsequent / re-evaluation / practically / impossible.
Past perfect emphasizes a point of no return due to prior actions.
His posthumous fame was perhaps inevitable, given the genius that had already been evident in his early works.
His / posthumous / fame / was / perhaps / inevitable, / given / the / genius / that / had / already / been / evident / in / his / early / works.
Connects past evidence with future outcomes.
The treaty, signed decades prior, had already established the framework for the current diplomatic negotiations.
The / treaty, / signed / decades / prior, / had / already / established / the / framework / for / the / current / diplomatic / negotiations.
Formal language and past perfect to denote historical precedence.
자주 쓰는 조합
Idioms & Expressions
"already done"
Completed; finished.
Don't worry about the chores, they're already done.
casual"already there"
Either literally arrived, or figuratively achieved a certain level of success or understanding.
He's only 20 but he's already there in terms of talent.
neutral"You're kidding already?"
Expresses surprise that something is happening or has happened very soon.
We just started the meeting, and you're kidding already?
casual"It's too late already"
The opportunity has passed; the action cannot be undone or prevented now.
He tried to apologize, but it was too late already.
neutral"already and gone"
Happened very quickly or vanished without a trace.
The chance was there and gone in a second.
casualEasily Confused
Both relate to time and completion, often used in questions/negatives.
'Already' implies completion before now (often with surprise). 'Yet' implies non-completion up to the present, used in questions and negatives.
Have you already finished? (Surprised if yes) vs. Have you finished yet? (Neutral question)
Both relate to the continuation or state of something over time.
'Already' indicates completion before now. 'Still' indicates continuation into the present, implying something hasn't changed or finished.
I've already eaten. (Finished) vs. I'm still hungry. (Not finished)
Both refer to an earlier time.
'Already' is an adverb specifically meaning 'before now' or 'before a specified time', often implying earliness. 'Before' can be a preposition (before lunch) or conjunction (before I left), referring to any earlier time.
I've already seen it. vs. I saw it before. (Less specific) vs. I saw it before the main show.
Both refer to an earlier time.
'Previously' often implies a more formal or distant past, or a specific prior instance. 'Already' is more about completion relative to the present and can imply earliness.
We previously discussed this. (Formal, specific past event) vs. I've already discussed this. (Completed now, maybe sooner than expected)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + have/has + already + past participle.
I have already completed the task.
Subject + is/are/was/were + already + adjective.
The package is already here.
Subject + had + already + past participle.
They had already left the building.
Already + Subject + Verb (for emphasis).
Already, he regretted his decision.
Question: Have/Has/Had + Subject + already + past participle?
Have you already eaten?
어휘 가족
Adjectives
관련
How to Use It
8/10
Formality Scale
자주 하는 실수
While 'I already ate' is sometimes heard in casual speech, the present perfect ('have eaten') is generally preferred with 'already' to emphasize completion relative to the present.
'Already' implies completion. 'Yet' and 'still' (in negative contexts) imply non-completion.
'Already' typically goes after the auxiliary verb (has) and before the main verb (arrived).
If the time is specified (like 'last week'), 'already' is often unnecessary and can sound redundant.
While 'Have you already finished?' is possible (expressing surprise), 'Have you finished yet?' is the standard neutral question asking about completion.
Tips
The 'All Ready!' Trick
Remember that 'already' sounds like 'all ready'. If something is 'all ready', it means it's done and completed – it happened *already*!
Present Perfect Pal
90% of the time, you'll see 'already' used with the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle). Practice making sentences like 'I have already seen that!' or 'She has already arrived.'
The Surprise Factor
Notice how 'already' can add a touch of surprise or impatience in conversation. 'You're here already?!' implies they arrived sooner than you expected. Use this nuance carefully!
Mid-Sentence Placement
The safest bet for placement? After the first helping verb (like 'have', 'is') and before the main action verb. 'He has *already* left.'
Stress the Middle!
Don't forget to stress the second syllable: al-RED-dy. This helps distinguish it clearly from similar-sounding words.
Avoid 'Already' with 'Yet'
Remember: 'Already' means 'yes, it happened'. 'Yet' (in questions/negatives) means 'not yet'. Don't mix them!
From 'All Ready' to 'Done'
The word evolved from meaning 'completely prepared' to signifying something completed *before* the present moment. Language is fascinating!
Contextual Clues
When you read or hear 'already', pause and ask: 'What happened before now? Was it sooner than expected?' This active listening helps solidify the meaning.
Contrast with 'Still'
Think about the opposite: 'still'. 'I'm *still* working' vs 'I'm *already* finished'. Using these pairs helps understand the meaning.
Emphasis at the Start
For dramatic effect, you can sometimes put 'Already' at the very beginning: 'Already, the situation seemed dire.' Use this sparingly for impact.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think: 'All ready!' - If something is 'all ready', it's *already* done!
Visual Association
Picture a clock where the hands have spun forward quickly, showing it's later than you thought, and everything is 'already' finished.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to use 'already' three times today when talking about things you've completed.
어원
Middle English
Original meaning: Combination of 'al' (all) + 'redy' (ready), meaning 'completely ready' or 'fully prepared'.
문화적 맥락
Generally neutral, but context can influence perception (e.g., expressing surprise might be perceived differently depending on the relationship between speakers).
Widely used across all English-speaking regions. Its usage can sometimes convey mild surprise or impatience, especially in informal contexts ('You're here already?!').
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Daily life / Chores
- It's already done.
- I've already cleaned my room.
- Have you already taken out the trash?
Travel / Appointments
- Are you here already?
- The flight has already departed.
- We've already booked the hotel.
Work / Projects
- The report has already been submitted.
- He's already achieved his targets.
- We had already started before the deadline.
Experiences / Knowledge
- I've already seen that movie.
- She already knows the answer.
- Have you already tried this restaurant?
Conversation Starters
"What's something you've already accomplished today?"
"Is there anything you thought you'd have done by now, but haven't already?"
"What's the earliest you've ever arrived somewhere? Did you feel like you were already too early?"
"Tell me about a time you were surprised something was already finished."
"Have you already planned your next vacation? Where would you go?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a goal you have. What steps have you already taken towards it?
Think about your day yesterday. What did you accomplish that felt like it was 'already done' by the evening?
Write about a time you were surprised by how quickly something happened or was completed. Use the word 'already'.
Reflect on a skill you've learned. How long did it take you to feel like you had 'already' mastered the basics?
자주 묻는 질문
8 질문'Already' is used to say something happened before now, often implying it was sooner than expected. 'Yet' is used in negative sentences or questions to mean 'not before now', indicating something hasn't happened but might soon.
Yes, in informal speech, you might hear 'I already ate'. However, the present perfect ('I have already eaten') is generally considered more standard and appropriate, especially in writing, as it connects the past action to the present moment.
It most commonly goes after auxiliary verbs (like 'have', 'has', 'had', 'is', 'are') and before the main verb. For example: 'She has already finished.' It can sometimes go at the beginning for emphasis.
Not always, but it often carries that implication, especially in spoken English. It primarily means 'before now', but the context and tone can add the nuance of earliness or surprise.
Yes, 'already' is used in formal writing, particularly with the present perfect or past perfect tenses to indicate prior completion. Its placement and usage are generally standard.
'Previously' often refers to a more distant past or a specific, documented prior event. 'Already' is more about completion relative to the present moment and can imply earliness.
Yes, placing 'already' at the beginning can add emphasis, like 'Already, I regret my decision.' However, this is less common than mid-sentence placement.
No, 'already' indicates something positive has happened or been completed. Negative statements use words like 'not yet' or 'still not'.
셀프 테스트
I have ___ eaten breakfast.
'Already' fits best here, indicating the action is completed before now.
Which sentence uses 'already' correctly?
The most common and grammatically sound structure is 'is already happy', placing 'already' after the verb 'is'.
The word 'already' implies that an action has NOT happened yet.
False. 'Already' means an action HAS happened before now.
Word
뜻
Matching the sentence to its implied meaning.
The standard order is 'Have you already finished?'
By the time we got to the station, the train had ___ left.
Past perfect ('had left') combined with 'already' indicates the action was completed before another past event.
Which sentence best conveys that an event happened sooner than expected?
'Already' often carries the implication of earliness or happening sooner than expected, especially in spoken contexts.
In formal writing, 'already' is typically placed at the very beginning of a sentence for emphasis.
While possible for emphasis, the most common placement is mid-sentence after auxiliary verbs. Beginning placement is less frequent in formal writing.
The treaty had ___ been ratified, significantly altering the geopolitical landscape.
'Already' fits the past perfect structure and implies the ratification happened before the subsequent change.
Rewrite the sentence to emphasize prior completion: 'The report was finished before the deadline.'
Using the past perfect passive ('had already been finished') clearly indicates completion prior to the specified past time (the deadline).
점수: /10
Summary
Use 'already' to confidently state that something has happened before now, often adding a touch of surprise about its timing.
- Indicates an action completed before the present time.
- Often implies earliness or completion sooner than expected.
- Commonly used with present perfect and past perfect tenses.
- Placement is typically mid-sentence after auxiliary verbs.
The 'All Ready!' Trick
Remember that 'already' sounds like 'all ready'. If something is 'all ready', it means it's done and completed – it happened *already*!
Present Perfect Pal
90% of the time, you'll see 'already' used with the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle). Practice making sentences like 'I have already seen that!' or 'She has already arrived.'
The Surprise Factor
Notice how 'already' can add a touch of surprise or impatience in conversation. 'You're here already?!' implies they arrived sooner than you expected. Use this nuance carefully!
Mid-Sentence Placement
The safest bet for placement? After the first helping verb (like 'have', 'is') and before the main action verb. 'He has *already* left.'
Related Content
general 관련 단어
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.
