A1 · 초급 챕터 18

Asking Questions and Describing Existence

4 총 규칙
41 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of asking for what you need and describing the world around you in Portuguese.

  • Distinguish between asking for information and requesting items.
  • Identify the difference between formal and colloquial ways to describe existence.
  • Apply these structures to navigate daily life in Brazil or Portugal.
Ask, request, and exist with total confidence.

배울 내용

Hey there, future Portuguese speaker! Get ready to unlock some super essential communication skills in this exciting new chapter. We're diving deep into how to ask questions and describe what exists around you, making your conversations flow naturally. First up, we'll tackle the crucial difference between two verbs: 'perguntar' and 'pedir'. Think of 'perguntar' as asking to *know* something – like asking for information,

What time is it?
On the other hand, 'pedir' is for asking to *get* something, whether it's ordering a delicious pizza, asking for a favor, or even hailing an Uber. Mastering this distinction will instantly boost your ability to express your needs clearly! Next, we'll learn how to say there is or there are in Portuguese. You'll discover 'Há', a more formal and invariable way to express existence or denote time passed. But here's a secret for sounding like a local in casual Brazilian Portuguese: you'll often hear and use 'tem'. We'll show you exactly when and how to switch between them to sound completely natural. Imagine yourself confidently ordering your favorite meal at a bustling Rio de Janeiro restaurant, asking for directions to that hidden beach, or simply describing what's in your new apartment. By the end of this chapter, you won't just know the rules; you'll be able to actively ask for information, make requests, and describe your surroundings with ease. This is foundational for real-world interactions, and trust us, it's totally achievable and incredibly rewarding!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Ask for information using 'perguntar' and request items using 'pedir'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Describe the existence of people and objects using 'há' and 'ter'.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Hey there, future Portuguese speaker! Welcome to a super exciting chapter that will immediately boost your ability to connect and communicate in Portuguese. This guide focuses on two fundamental aspects of A1 Portuguese grammar: asking questions and describing what exists around you.
Mastering these skills is absolutely crucial for real-world interactions, whether you're navigating a new city, making friends, or simply describing your day. We'll dive into the nuances of asking for information versus asking for things, and how to express there is or there are like a native.
Understanding the difference between perguntar and pedir is a cornerstone of effective communication. It allows you to clearly express whether you're seeking knowledge or making a request. Similarly, learning to use Há and tem for existence will unlock your ability to describe your surroundings, ask about availability, and even talk about time.
This Portuguese grammar A1 chapter provides the foundational tools you need to engage in basic conversations, making your learning journey both practical and incredibly rewarding. Get ready to transform your passive knowledge into active communication!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the essential grammar rules for asking questions in Portuguese and describing existence Portuguese. First, we have The Verb 'Perguntar'. This verb means to ask when you are seeking information. Think of it as asking *to know* something. For example:
* Eu pergunto a hora. (I ask the time.)
* Você pergunta o nome dele? (Do you ask his name?)
Next, we explore How to Ask for Things & Order Food (Pedir). The verb pedir also means to ask, but specifically when you are asking *to get* something, making a request, or ordering. This is key for practical situations!
* Eu peço uma pizza. (I ask for a pizza / I order a pizza.)
* Ele pede ajuda. (He asks for help.)
Now, let's look at Saying 'There Is/Are' (Há). The verb haver (in its impersonal form há) is the more formal and grammatically correct way to say there is or there are. It is invariable, meaning it doesn't change for singular or plural, and it can also denote time passed.
* Há um livro na mesa. (There is a book on the table.)
* Há muitas pessoas aqui. (There are many people here.)
* Há dois anos. (Two years ago / There are two years.)
Finally, we have Using 'Ter' for 'There is/are' (Colloquial). While há is standard, in everyday Brazilian Portuguese, you'll frequently hear and use tem (from the verb ter, to have) to mean there is or there are. This is more informal and common in spoken language.
* Tem um livro na mesa. (There is a book on the table.)
* Tem muitas pessoas aqui. (There are many people here.)
* Tem café? (Is there coffee?) This colloquial usage is vital for sounding natural.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: Eu peço a hora.
✓ Correct: Eu pergunto a hora.
*Explanation:* You use perguntar when you're asking for information (like the time), not when you're asking *to get* something.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Hão muitos livros.
✓ Correct: Há muitos livros.
*Explanation:* The impersonal form há is always singular, even when referring to multiple items. It never changes to hões or «hás.»
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Você tem um copo d'água? (meaning
    Is there a glass of water?
    )
✓ Correct: Tem um copo d'água? (or Há um copo d'água?)
*Explanation:* While ter means to have, when used impersonally for there is/are, it's typically just tem, not conjugated with a subject like você unless you mean
Do *you* have a glass of water?
.

Real Conversations

A

A

Oi! Você pode me perguntar o nome da rua? (Hi! Can you ask me the name of the street?)
B

B

Claro! Qual é o nome da rua? (Of course! What is the name of the street?)
A

A

Com licença, posso pedir um café, por favor? (Excuse me, can I order a coffee, please?)
B

B

Sim, claro. Mais alguma coisa? (Yes, of course. Anything else?)
A

A

Tem um caixa eletrônico por aqui? (Is there an ATM around here?)
B

B

Sim, há um caixa ali, perto da padaria. (Yes, there's an ATM there, near the bakery.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between perguntar and pedir in Portuguese?

Perguntar means to ask for information (to *know* something), while pedir means to ask for a request, a favor, or to order something (to *get* something).

Q

When should I use há versus tem for there is/are in Portuguese?

Há is the formal, grammatically standard, and invariable form, often used in writing or more formal speech. Tem is the very common, colloquial, and informal way to say there is/are in spoken Brazilian Portuguese.

Q

How do I form a basic question in A1 Portuguese?

Often, you can simply raise your voice at the end of a statement, or add a question word like onde (where), quando (when), quem (who), or o quê (what) at the beginning. For example, Você é brasileiro? (Are you Brazilian?).

Q

Can tem also mean has in Portuguese?

Yes! The verb ter primarily means to have (e.g., Eu tenho um carro - I have a car). Its use as there is/are (Tem um carro aqui - There is a car here) is a common colloquialism in Brazilian Portuguese.

Cultural Context

In Brazil, the use of tem for there is/are is overwhelmingly dominant in everyday spoken language. While há is understood and used in formal contexts or written Portuguese, relying on tem will make you sound much more natural and integrated into local conversations. When making requests with pedir, adding polite phrases like por favor (please) and com licença (excuse me) is always appreciated and shows respect.
Don't be afraid to use tem – it's a hallmark of casual Brazilian Portuguese!

주요 예문 (6)

1

Eu pergunto o preço do café.

저는 커피 가격을 물어봐요.

질문하기: 'Perguntar' 동사
2

Você pergunta ao motorista se ele aceita Pix?

기사님께 픽스(Pix)로 결제 가능한지 물어봐 줄래요?

질문하기: 'Perguntar' 동사
3

Eu peço um café com leite, por favor.

카페라떼 한 잔 부탁해요.

물건 요청하기 & 음식 주문하기 (Pedir)
4

Você pede o Uber ou eu peço?

네가 우버 부를래, 아니면 내가 부를까?

물건 요청하기 & 음식 주문하기 (Pedir)
5

Há um gato na minha cama.

내 침대 위에 고양이가 한 마리 있어요.

"있다" 표현하기 (Há)
6

Há muitas pessoas neste restaurante.

이 식당에는 사람이 아주 많아요.

"있다" 표현하기 (Há)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

왓츠앱(Zap) 필살기

브라질 친구에게 개인적인 걸 묻기 전엔 이 문장으로 말문을 터보세요.
Posso te perguntar uma coisa?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 질문하기: 'Perguntar' 동사
💡

전치사는 필요 없어요!

pedir 뒤에 'por'를 붙이지 마세요. 이미 '~를 요청하다'라는 뜻이 다 들어있거든요. Pedir pizza라고만 하세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 물건 요청하기 & 음식 주문하기 (Pedir)
⚠️

복수형으로 바꾸지 마세요

대상이 많다고 해서 'hão'이라고 하지 마세요. «Há»는 혼자서 단수와 복수를 다 해치우는 슈퍼히어로거든요:
Há muitos problemas aqui.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: "있다" 표현하기 (Há)
🎯

복수형의 비밀

브라질 사람들은 '있다'라고 할 때 복수형을 거의 안 써요. Tem duas pizzas.처럼 단수로 써야 100% 자연스러워요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Ter'를 '있다'로 사용하기 (구어체)

핵심 어휘 (6)

perguntar to ask (a question) pedir to ask for / to order há there is / there are tem there is / there are (colloquial) ajuda help informação information

Real-World Preview

coffee

At a Cafe in Lisbon

Review Summary

  • Perguntar + [question/info]
  • Pedir + [object]
  • Há + [noun]
  • Tem + [noun]

자주 하는 실수

You are seeking knowledge, not a physical object, so use 'perguntar'.

Wrong: Eu peço uma informação.
정답: Eu pergunto uma informação.

Using 'tem' only describes existence; you need 'pedir' to request assistance.

Wrong: Tem um hotel aqui? (When meaning 'Can I ask for a hotel?')
정답: Posso pedir uma recomendação de hotel?

While 'há' is grammatically correct, 'tem' is much more natural in everyday Brazilian conversation.

Wrong: Há muitos carros aqui (in casual speech).
정답: Tem muitos carros aqui.

Next Steps

You have completed the A1 level! Your foundation is strong and you are ready for more complex conversations. Keep practicing every day!

Listen to a Brazilian podcast episode.

Continue to: Foundation & Connections

빠른 연습 (10)

'나(Eu)'에 맞는 'perguntar'의 올바른 형태를 채워보세요.

Eu ___ o endereço da festa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pergunto
'Eu'일 때는 동사 어미가 '-o'로 끝나요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 질문하기: 'Perguntar' 동사

음식을 주문할 때 올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?

'그녀는 샐러드를 주문해요'의 올바른 번역을 고르세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela pede uma salada.
주문할 때는 'pedir'를 사용하며, 뒤에 'por'를 붙이지 않습니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 물건 요청하기 & 음식 주문하기 (Pedir)

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 선택하세요.

'꽃이 많이 피어 있다'를 올바르게 표현한 것은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há muchas flores no jardim.
'haver' 동사는 뒤에 오는 명사가 복수형('flores')이라도 항상 'Há' 형태를 유지합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: "있다" 표현하기 (Há)

빈칸에 알맞은 동사 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

___ dois carros na garagem. (차고에 차가 두 대 있습니다.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há
대상이 복수(차 두 대)라도 존재를 나타낼 때는 항상 단수형인 'Há'를 사용합니다. 'Hão'은 존재의 의미로 쓰이지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: "있다" 표현하기 (Há)

이 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós perguntam o preço.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós perguntamos o preço.
'Nós'일 때는 '-ar' 동사의 어미가 '-amos'로 변해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 질문하기: 'Perguntar' 동사

정보를 물어볼 때 사용하는 올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?

시간을 물어보는 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu pergunto as horas.
시간 같은 정보를 물어볼 때는 'perguntar'를, 피자 같은 물건을 주문할 때는 'pedir'를 써요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 질문하기: 'Perguntar' 동사

원어민처럼 들리도록 문장을 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Há um gato no telhado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tem um gato no telhado.
'Há'를 'Tem'으로 바꾸기만 해도 훨씬 현대적이고 자연스러운 문장이 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Ter'를 '있다'로 사용하기 (구어체)

다음 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Eu cheguei a 10 minutos atrás.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu cheguei há 10 minutos.
시간이 경과한 것(~전)을 말할 때는 전치사 'a'가 아니라 동사 'há'를 써야 합니다. 또한 'há' 자체가 과거를 의미하므로 'atrás'는 생략하는 것이 더 자연스러워요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: "있다" 표현하기 (Há)

'있다'의 구어체 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

___ muitas promoções no site hoje.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tem
'promoções' 같은 복수 명사 앞에서도 구어체에서는 항상 단수형인 'tem'을 써요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Ter'를 '있다'로 사용하기 (구어체)

브라질에서 친구와 대화할 때 가장 자연스러운 문장은 무엇인가요?

친구에게 '오늘 밤에 파티가 있어'라고 어떻게 말할까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tem uma festa hoje à noite.
브라질 일상 대화에서는 'há'보다 'tem'을 쓰는 게 훨씬 자연스럽고 친구 사이 같아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Ter'를 '있다'로 사용하기 (구어체)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

네! 재귀 형태인 'me pergunto'를 쓰면 돼요.
Eu me pergunto por que ele não ligou.
보통 누구'에게' 물어볼 때 써요.
Pergunto ao meu pai.
거의요! 'Eu peço'만 불규칙이고 나머지는 일반적인 -ir 동사 규칙을 따라요.
Eu peço, você pede.
아니요! 그건 가게에서 질문을 주문하는 것처럼 들려요. 질문할 때는 fazer uma pergunta라고 하세요.
'Há'는 존재를 나타내는 올바른 문법적 표현이에요. 'Tem'은 원래 '가지다'라는 뜻이지만 브라질에서는 '있다'는 뜻으로 아주 흔하게 쓰여요. 수업 때는 «Há»를, 친구와는 Tem을 써보세요.
아니요! «Há»는 절대 변하지 않아요. 남성인 Há um homem이나 여성인 Há uma mulher 모두 똑같은 형태를 씁니다.
이전 챕터
Desires, Skills, and Socializing
다음 챕터
Foundation & Connections
로드맵으로 돌아가기