When we describe something, often an illness, as infectious or contagious, we use 传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng). It's a noun referring to the characteristic of being transmissible from one individual to another. You'll frequently see it in medical contexts or when discussing public health. For example, a doctor might talk about the 传染性 of a new virus. Understanding this word is key to discussing disease transmission in Chinese.
재미있는 사실
Many medical terms in Chinese are formed by combining characters that describe their function or nature, making them quite literal and often easy to understand once you know the constituent characters.
수준별 예문
这种病毒传染性很强，大家要做好防护。
This virus is very infectious, everyone should take protective measures.
流感是一种传染性疾病，每年都会爆发。
Influenza is a contagious disease that breaks out every year.
他的热情很有传染性，很快感染了周围的人。
His enthusiasm was contagious and quickly spread to those around him.
请注意，麻疹具有高度传染性。
Please note that measles is highly contagious.
这种传染性疾病的传播速度很快。
This infectious disease spreads very quickly.
为了避免传染性疾病的传播，我们应该勤洗手。
To prevent the spread of infectious diseases, we should wash our hands frequently.
他的笑容很有传染性，让人心情愉悦。
His smile is contagious and makes people feel happy.
这种皮肤病不具有传染性，请放心。
This skin condition is not contagious, please rest assured.
자주 혼동되는 단어
Both '传染性' and '感染性' can be translated as 'infectious' in English, but '传染性' specifically refers to the *ability* to be transmitted from one to another.
Exactly matches '传染性' in the context of diseases that can be spread by direct or indirect contact.
Similar to '传染性', focusing on the ability of something (like a disease) to be transmitted.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both relate to spread, but '传播' focuses on the act of spreading generally, not specifically disease.
'传播' means to spread, disseminate, or broadcast (information, ideas, culture). It's a general verb for spreading things.
这个新闻传播得很快。(This news spread very quickly.)
This is the verb form of '传染性', making it easy to mix up when discussing the action versus the characteristic.
'传染' is a verb meaning to infect or to be contagious. It refers to the action or process of a disease being passed on.
这种病毒很容易传染。(This virus is very easy to infect/transmit.)
Often used interchangeably with '传染' in English, but '感染' specifically refers to the *state* of being infected.
'感染' means to infect, or to be infected (verb), or infection (noun). It often describes the outcome or state of having a disease caused by pathogens.
他感染了流感病毒。(He was infected with the influenza virus.)
Similar suffix '-性' (nature/quality), and both relate to 'spreading', but '传播性' is broader.
'传播性' refers to the general spreadability or transmissibility of something, not limited to diseases. For example, the spreadability of an idea.
这个谣言的传播性很强。(The spreadability of this rumor is very strong.)
Both refer to something affecting many people, but '流行' is about prevalence, not the mechanism of transmission.
'流行' means popular, fashionable, or prevalent (like an epidemic). It describes something being widespread in general, not necessarily its infectious nature.
这种音乐最近很流行。(This kind of music is very popular recently.)
사용법
传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng) is a noun meaning 'infectiousness' or 'contagiousness'. It describes the characteristic of something being able to be spread from one person or organism to another. It is often used in a medical or biological context.
Examples:
这种疾病具有很强的传染性。(This disease has strong infectiousness.)
我们需要采取措施来阻止病毒的传染性。(We need to take measures to stop the virus's contagiousness.)
A common mistake is to confuse 传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng) with 传染 (chuánrǎn), which can be a verb meaning 'to infect' or 'to transmit' or an adjective meaning 'infectious' or 'contagious'. While related, 传染性 refers specifically to the noun form of the characteristic.
Incorrect: 这个病毒很传染性。(This virus is very infectious.)
Correct: 这个病毒有很强的传染性。(This virus has strong infectiousness.) or 这个病毒很传染。(This virus is very infectious.)
Another mistake is to use it as a direct adjective modifying a noun without a linking verb or a structural particle like 的 (de).
Incorrect: 传染性疾病 (infectious disease - directly used as adjective)
Correct: 具有传染性的疾病 (disease that possesses infectiousness) or 传染性疾病 (infectious disease - this is more common and accepted, but conceptually it's a noun-noun compound where 传染性 modifies 疾病 by indicating its type, not by being an adjective itself. For A2, the nuance is important.)
어원
The character '传' (chuán) means 'to transmit' or 'to pass on'. The character '染' (rǎn) means 'to dye' or 'to infect'. The character '性' (xìng) is a suffix indicating 'nature' or 'quality'.
원래 의미: The original meaning of 传染性 combines the ideas of transmitting and infecting, hence describing something that has the quality of being transmittable and infectious.
Sino-Tibetan문화적 맥락
<p>In Chinese culture, there is a strong emphasis on preventative health measures, and terms like 传染性 are commonly used in public health campaigns and discussions. Understanding this term is particularly relevant in everyday conversations about health, especially in the context of seasonal illnesses or public health announcements.</p>
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문Think of it as 'spread-nature'. 传 (chuán) means to spread or transmit, and 染 (rǎn) means to dye or infect. 性 (xìng) often indicates a characteristic or nature. So, 'the nature of spreading infection' helps you remember 传染性 means infectious or contagious.
Typically, 传染性 is used for diseases or illnesses. For ideas or emotions, you might use different words like 有感染力 (yǒu gǎnrǎnlì) which means 'infectious' in a metaphorical sense, like an infectious laugh or enthusiasm. For example, 她的笑声很有感染力 (Tā de xiàoshēng hěn yǒu gǎnrǎnlì) - Her laughter is very infectious.
传染性 is an adjective describing something as infectious or contagious (e.g., 'This disease is infectious'). 传染 (chuánrǎn) can be a verb meaning 'to infect' or 'to transmit', or a noun meaning 'infection' or 'contagion'. For example, 这种病毒会传染 (Zhè zhǒng bìngdú huì chuánrǎn) - This virus will infect (spread). 预防传染 (Yùfáng chuánrǎn) - Prevent infection.
You can say 传染性很强 (chuánrǎnxìng hěn qiáng) which literally means 'infectious nature is strong'. For example, 这种疾病传染性很强 (Zhè zhǒng jízhèng chuánrǎnxìng hěn qiáng) - This disease is highly infectious.
It's a common and practical word. You'll hear it in everyday conversations, especially when talking about health, news, or general well-being. It's not overly formal or informal.
Sure. 这种感冒的传染性很强，大家要注意防护。(Zhè zhǒng gǎnmào de chuánrǎnxìng hěn qiáng, dàjiā yào zhùyì fánghù.) This kind of cold is highly infectious, everyone should pay attention to protection.
You can ask: 这种病有传染性吗？(Zhè zhǒng bìng yǒu chuánrǎnxìng ma?) - Does this disease have infectiousness (Is it contagious)? Or simply: 这种病会传染吗？(Zhè zhǒng bìng huì chuánrǎn ma?) - Will this disease spread (Is it contagious)?
The direct opposite isn't a single word, but you'd describe something as 没有传染性 (méiyǒu chuánrǎnxìng), meaning 'not infectious' or 'non-contagious'. For example, 这种疾病没有传染性 (Zhè zhǒng jízhèng méiyǒu chuánrǎnxìng) - This disease is not infectious.
Yes, in its literal sense, 传染性 almost always refers to the negative aspect of transmitting diseases. While an 'infectious laugh' uses a similar concept in English, in Chinese, for positive things that 'spread', you'd use expressions like 有感染力 (yǒu gǎnrǎnlì), as mentioned earlier.
While 传染性 is the most accurate adjective for 'infectious/contagious' in a medical context, if you're talking about a disease spreading, you can often use '会传染' (huì chuánrǎn - will spread/is transmissible) as a simpler way to convey the meaning in a sentence. For example, 这种病会传染 (Zhè zhǒng bìng huì chuánrǎn) - This disease is contagious/will spread.
셀프 테스트 42 질문
Which of these words best describes a disease that can spread easily from person to person?
传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng) means infectious or contagious, which fits the description of a disease that spreads easily.
This disease has strong _______. We need to be careful.
The context implies a disease's ability to spread, which is what 传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng) means.
Which word describes something that can pass from one person to another?
传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng) refers to the quality of being infectious or contagious, meaning it can pass from one to another.
感冒是一种传染性疾病。(Gǎnmào shì yī zhǒng chuánrǎnxìng jízhèng.) - A cold is an infectious disease.
Colds are indeed infectious and can spread from person to person.
书有传染性。(Shū yǒu chuánrǎnxìng.) - Books are infectious.
Books are not infectious in the sense of spreading disease. Only diseases or qualities that can be transmitted are described as 传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng).
这种病毒传染性很强。(Zhè zhǒng bìngdú chuánrǎnxìng hěn qiáng.) - This virus is very contagious.
传染性很强 (chuánrǎnxìng hěn qiáng) means 'very contagious' or 'highly infectious'.
Listen to the sentence about a very infectious virus.
Listen to the sentence about colds usually being contagious.
Listen to the sentence about the doctor saying the illness is not infectious.
Read this aloud:
这个病毒传染性很强。
Focus: 传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
医生说这种病没有传染性。
Focus: 没有传染性 (méiyǒu chuánrǎnxìng)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
请问这种感冒有传染性吗？
Focus: 有传染性吗 (yǒu chuánrǎnxìng ma)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
The correct order is 'subject + verb + adverb + adjective + noun'. Here, '流感' (flu) is the subject, '有' (has) is the verb, '很强' (very strong) modifies '传染性' (infectiousness).
The sentence structure is 'subject + verb + predicate'. '这种疾病' (this kind of disease) is the subject, '是' (is) is the verb, and '传染性疾病' (infectious disease) is the predicate.
The sentence structure is 'attributive + noun + verb + object'. '有传染性的' (infectious) describes '病人' (patient), and they '需要隔离' (need to be isolated).
流感是一种具有高度___的疾病。
流感 (liúgǎn) is influenza, and it is known for being highly infectious. 传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng) directly means infectiousness or contagiousness.
医生警告说，这种病毒的___非常强，要做好防护。
The context mentions 'virus' (病毒, bìngdú) and the need for protection (防护, fánghù), which strongly suggests the topic is about how easily the virus spreads, hence 'infectiousness' (传染性).
为了防止疾病___，我们应该避免与患者密切接触。
The sentence is about preventing the 'infectiousness' of a disease. While 蔓延 (mànyán) and 扩散 (kuòsàn) mean 'to spread', 传染性 (chuánrǎnxìng) refers to the inherent quality of being infectious.
感冒通常具有一定的传染性。
Common colds (感冒, gǎnmào) are known to be contagious.
所有的疾病都具有传染性。
Not all diseases are infectious. For example, genetic diseases or some chronic illnesses are not contagious.
保持个人卫生可以降低疾病的传染性。
Good personal hygiene, such as washing hands, helps to reduce the spread of infectious diseases.
这种病毒具有高度___，因此需要采取严格的隔离措施。
“传染性”强调的是疾病从一个个体传播到另一个个体的能力。在这里，它准确地描述了病毒的高度传播特性。
感冒虽然不是什么大病，但其___很强，很容易在人群中扩散。
此句描述感冒在人群中“扩散”的特点，最适合使用“传染性”来表达其易于传播的属性。
为了控制疾病的___，政府迅速启动了大规模的疫苗接种计划。
政府启动疫苗接种计划的目的是控制疾病的传播，所以“传染性”是最佳选择。
许多皮肤病都具有一定的___，因此患者应避免与他人密切接触。
皮肤病患者需要避免与他人密切接触，这暗示了疾病具有“传染性”。
医生强调，手足口病具有高度___，儿童是主要易感人群。
手足口病的主要特点是易于传播，所以“传染性”最能准确描述这一特性。
禽流感病毒的___使得疫情在全球范围内引起了广泛关注。
禽流感疫情在全球范围内引起关注，主要是因为其易于传播的特性，即“传染性”。
This sentence describes a highly infectious disease and the need for strict preventive measures. The structure '这种疾病的传染性很强' (This disease's infectivity is very strong) establishes the main point, followed by '我们需要采取严格的预防措施' (we need to take strict preventive measures) as the consequence.
This sentence highlights the high infectivity of influenza viruses, especially in crowded places. '流感病毒具有高度传染性' (Influenza virus has high infectivity) is the primary statement, with '尤其是在人群密集的地方' (especially in crowded places) providing a specific context.
This sentence emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and isolation in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The phrase '为了控制传染性疾病的传播' (In order to control the spread of infectious diseases) sets the purpose, followed by '早期诊断和隔离至关重要' (early diagnosis and isolation are crucial) as the key actions.
Imagine you are a public health official. Write a short announcement (around 50-70 characters) to the public about a highly infectious disease, emphasizing the importance of prevention. Use '传染性' correctly.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
鉴于该疾病具有极强的传染性，请大家务必做好个人防护，勤洗手，少聚集，共筑健康防线。
You are writing a medical journal article discussing a new virus. Describe the characteristics of this virus, specifically its high contagiousness, and potential impact on global health. (Around 80-100 characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这种新型病毒展现出前所未有的高传染性，其传播速度之快，对全球公共卫生体系构成严峻挑战，亟需国际社会共同应对。
As a science fiction writer, describe an alien organism discovered on a new planet. Highlight its unique and extremely infectious nature to humans, and the resulting quarantine measures. (Around 70-90 characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这颗星球上的外星生物具有惊人的传染性，即使微小接触也足以致命。为防止扩散，所有发现地已被严密封锁并隔离。
根据这段文字，这种新型流感病毒的两个主要特征是什么？
Read this passage:
近日，一种新型流感病毒在全球范围内迅速传播，其主要特征是高传染性和较长的潜伏期。专家呼吁，公众应加强个人防护，避免前往人群密集的场所，以有效遏制病毒的进一步蔓延。疫苗的研发工作正在紧锣密鼓地进行中。
根据这段文字，这种新型流感病毒的两个主要特征是什么？
文章明确指出“其主要特征是高传染性和较长的潜伏期”。
文章明确指出“其主要特征是高传染性和较长的潜伏期”。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
Read this passage:
在一次关于动物疾病的研讨会上，科学家们讨论了一种在野生动物中普遍存在的病毒。虽然该病毒对人类的传染性较低，但对动物种群的健康构成了严重威胁，可能导致局部区域的物种灭绝。因此，对野生动物种群的监测显得尤为重要。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
文章提到“虽然该病毒对人类的传染性较低，但对动物种群的健康构成了严重威胁”。
文章提到“虽然该病毒对人类的传染性较低，但对动物种群的健康构成了严重威胁”。
根据这段文字，19世纪某些“传染性不强”的疾病演变为大规模疫情的原因是什么？
Read this passage:
历史学家们在研究19世纪的流行病时发现，当时的卫生条件极其恶劣，缺乏有效的疾病防控手段。许多原本传染性不强的疾病，由于人群聚集和卫生观念的落后，也演变成了大规模的疫情，给社会带来了沉重打击。
根据这段文字，19世纪某些“传染性不强”的疾病演变为大规模疫情的原因是什么？
文章明确指出“当时的卫生条件极其恶劣，缺乏有效的疾病防控手段。许多原本传染性不强的疾病，由于人群聚集和卫生观念的落后，也演变成了大规模的疫情”。
文章明确指出“当时的卫生条件极其恶劣，缺乏有效的疾病防控手段。许多原本传染性不强的疾病，由于人群聚集和卫生观念的落后，也演变成了大规模的疫情”。
/ 42 correct
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一粒
A2One pill; a grain (for small, round objects like pills).
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2abnormal
以上
A2Above, over (a number)
酸痛
A2Sore; aching (especially muscles).
倒是
A2On the contrary; actually.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2to give an injection
急性
B1acute (illness)
急性病
B1Acute disease.
