Use 'hazu' when you have a logical reason to expect something.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Expresses a strong logical expectation based on evidence.
- Used when you are confident about a future or current state.
- Connects to plain forms of verbs, adjectives, and nouns.
Overview
- 1概要：「〜はず」は、単なる推測ではなく、何らかの理由や根拠に基づいて「そうなるのが当然だ」「そうであるに違いない」と判断する際に使用されます。話し手の論理的な予測を示すため、日常会話からビジネスまで幅広く使われます。2) 使用パターン：動詞、い形容詞、な形容詞、名詞の辞書形に接続します。な形容詞は「なはず」、名詞は「のはず」となる点に注意が必要です。過去形（〜はずだった）にすると、予測が外れたことへの落胆や、実際にはそうならなかった事実を強調します。3) 一般的な文脈：待ち合わせの時間、仕事の進捗、あるいは相手の性格や行動予測など、自分の知識と照らし合わせて「こうあるべきだ」という状況で多用されます。4) 類義語との比較：「〜はず」は論理的な根拠に基づきますが、「〜だろう」は単なる話し手の推測や直感に近い表現です。また、「〜に違いない」は「〜はず」よりも確信度が高く、話し手の強い思い込みが含まれる傾向があります。
Examples
彼はもうすぐ来るはずです。
everydayHe should be coming soon.
会議は3時に始まるはずだった。
formalThe meeting was supposed to start at 3:00.
そんなはずはない。
informalThat cannot be true.
データに基づけば、この数値になるはずである。
academicBased on the data, this figure should be the result.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
はずがない
No way / Impossible
はずなのに
Despite the expectation
そんなはずはない
That can't be right
Often Confused With
Tsumori expresses personal intention or plan, whereas hazu expresses an expectation based on external logic.
Wake explains a logical reason or circumstance, while hazu focuses on the speaker's expectation of the outcome.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Hazu is versatile and used in both formal and informal contexts. It indicates a high degree of confidence backed by facts. Be careful not to use it for personal desires, as it strictly relates to logical expectation.
Common Mistakes
Learners often forget to add 'no' after nouns or 'na' after na-adjectives. Also, using 'hazu' when you have no evidence is incorrect; use 'kamoshirenai' instead for pure guesses.
Tips
Focus on logical evidence
Use 'hazu' when you have a reason for your assumption. It is not for guessing; it is for logical deduction.
Mind the noun connection
Always remember to add 'no' between a noun and 'hazu'. For example, 'sensei no hazu' instead of 'sensei hazu'.
Politeness and certainty
In Japanese culture, being too assertive can be rude. Using 'hazu' is slightly softer than saying 'zettai' (absolutely).
Word Origin
Derived from the verb 'hazuru' (to aim/be appropriate), it evolved to mean the state of things being as they should be.
Cultural Context
Japanese people often use 'hazu' to avoid being overly blunt. It frames their opinion as a logical conclusion rather than a personal demand.
Memory Tip
Think of 'hazu' as 'has to be'. If you have a reason, it 'has to be' that way!
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions「はず」は客観的な根拠や知識に基づく期待ですが、「に違いない」は話し手の主観的な確信が非常に強く、断定的なニュアンスが含まれます。
はい、「はずだった」とすることで、過去の予測が外れた場合や、当然そうなるはずだったのに実際はそうではなかったという状況を表せます。
名詞に接続する場合は「の」を挟んで「名詞＋のはず」という形になります。例：彼のはずだ。
「はずがない」または「はずではない」を使います。「はずがない」の方がより強く否定するニュアンスでよく使われます。
Test Yourself
彼は真面目だから、時間通りに来る___。
「真面目だから」という根拠があるため、期待を表す「はずだ」が適切です。
Score: /1
Summary
Use 'hazu' when you have a logical reason to expect something.
- Expresses a strong logical expectation based on evidence.
- Used when you are confident about a future or current state.
- Connects to plain forms of verbs, adjectives, and nouns.
Focus on logical evidence
Use 'hazu' when you have a reason for your assumption. It is not for guessing; it is for logical deduction.
Mind the noun connection
Always remember to add 'no' between a noun and 'hazu'. For example, 'sensei no hazu' instead of 'sensei hazu'.
Politeness and certainty
In Japanese culture, being too assertive can be rude. Using 'hazu' is slightly softer than saying 'zettai' (absolutely).
Examples
4 of 4彼はもうすぐ来るはずです。
He should be coming soon.
会議は3時に始まるはずだった。
The meeting was supposed to start at 3:00.
そんなはずはない。
That cannot be true.
データに基づけば、この数値になるはずである。
Based on the data, this figure should be the result.
Related Content
Related Grammar Rules
Related Vocabulary
More general words
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.
