Completing actions with -고 나서 (After doing...)
-고 나서 to emphasize that one action has totally finished before the next one begins.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -고 나서 to emphasize that one action is completely finished before the next one begins.
- Attach -고 나서 directly to the verb stem: 먹다 -> 먹고 나서.
- Use it to show a clear sequence of events: 숙제를 하고 나서 놀아요.
- It emphasizes the completion of the first action, unlike simple -고.
Overview
In Korean, clearly expressing the sequence of events is crucial. While the connective ending -고 (go) can simply link actions, sometimes you need to emphasize that one action has been completely finished before another begins. This precise chronological relationship is conveyed by the grammar pattern -고 나서 (go na-seo).
It functions similarly to "after doing X, then doing Y," highlighting the completion of the preceding action as a prerequisite for the subsequent one. This pattern is indispensable for giving instructions, describing daily routines, or narrating past events where the order of completion is significant.
Linguistically, -고 나서 combines the conjunctive -고 with 나서, which is derived from the verb 나다 (na-da, to occur, emerge, or finish) conjugated with the connective -아/어서 (a/eo-seo). Thus, [Verb Stem]-고 나서 literally signifies "having done [Verb], and then that action having concluded, [Subsequent Action]." This explicit linguistic construction underscores the definitive end of the first action before the second commences, preventing ambiguity about whether actions overlap or merely follow in a general sense.
For example, 밥을 먹고 나서 커피를 마셨어요. (Babeul meokgo naseo keopireul masyeosseoyo.) clearly states, "After finishing eating, I drank coffee." The act of eating is finalized before coffee consumption begins. This distinct marker of completion and sequentiality is what elevates -고 나서 beyond simpler connective forms.
How This Grammar Works
-고 나서 is to establish a strict, clear chronological sequence between two actions, emphasizing that the first action is fully completed before the second action can start. It implies a pause or a distinct transition point between the two events. The subject of both clauses connected by -고 나서 is almost always the same.숙제를 하고 나서 친구를 만났어요. (Sukjereul hago naseo chingureul mannasseoyo.) Here, 숙제를 하다 (sukjereul hada, to do homework) must be entirely finished before 친구를 만나다 (chingureul mannada, to meet a friend) can occur. There is no possibility of meeting the friend while still doing homework. This clarity is crucial in both casual and formal communication.나서 component, stemming from 나다, acts as a temporal marker indicating the end or result of the preceding action. Therefore, it's not just "Action A and then Action B," but rather "Action A has been brought to its conclusion, and then Action B." This explicit conclusion of the first action makes the timeline unambiguous.샤워를 하고 나서 잠이 들었어요.(Syaworeul hago naseo jami deureosseoyo.)- "After showering, I fell asleep." (The showering was completed before sleeping.)
손을 씻고 나서 밥을 먹으세요.(Soneul ssitgo naseo babeul meogeuseyo.)- "Please eat after washing your hands." (Washing hands must finish first.)
Formation Pattern
-고 나서 is remarkably straightforward, making it one of the easiest connective endings for learners. It attaches directly to the verb stem without any stem changes, regardless of whether the stem ends in a vowel or a consonant. Crucially, it also bypasses most irregular verb conjugations (such as those for ㄷ, ㅂ, or ㄹ verbs) because it follows the -고 form, which is already regular.
하다 (ha-da, to do) | 하 | 하고 나서 | after doing
먹다 (meok-da, to eat) | 먹 | 먹고 나서 | after eating
읽다 (ilk-da, to read) | 읽 | 읽고 나서 | after reading
보다 (bo-da, to see) | 보 | 보고 나서 | after seeing
듣다 (deut-da, to listen) | 듣 | 듣고 나서 | after listening (no irregular change)
살다 (sal-da, to live) | 살 | 살고 나서 | after living (no irregular change)
만들다 (man-deul-da, to make) | 만들 | 만들고 나서 | after making
-고 나서 is attached, does not carry any tense information. Tense, as well as politeness level, is determined solely by the final verb of the entire sentence. This keeps the initial action in a neutral, infinitive-like state, focusing purely on its completion before the sequence continues.
영화를 보고 나서 밥을 먹을 거예요. (Yeonghwareul bogo naseo babeul meogeul geoyeyo.)
먹다)
책을 읽고 나서 잠이 들었어요. (Chaegeul ilkgo naseo jami deureosseoyo.)
들다)
When To Use It
-고 나서 is primarily used when you need to specify a clear, non-negotiable temporal sequence of actions, with a strong emphasis on the completion of the first action. This makes it particularly useful in several contexts:- 1Instructions and Procedures: When providing steps that must be followed in a strict order, such as in recipes, manuals, or directions. The completion of one step is a prerequisite for the next.
물을 끓이고 나서 라면을 넣으세요.(Mureul kkeurigo naseo ramyeoneul neoeuseyo.)- "After boiling the water, add the ramyeon noodles." (Boiling must be complete.)
설명서를 읽고 나서 조립을 시작하세요.(Seolmyeongseoreul ilgo naseo joribeul sijakaseyo.)- "Please start assembling after reading the instruction manual."
- 1Daily Routines and Habits: To describe a series of actions that typically occur one after another in a personal routine, where completion of the prior action is inherent.
퇴근하고 나서 바로 집에 가요.(Twegeunhago naseo baro jibe gayo.)- "I go straight home after finishing work." (Work must end first.)
아침에 일어나고 나서 스트레칭을 해요.(Achime ireonago naseo seuteurechingeul haeyo.)- "I do stretches after waking up in the morning."
- 1Future Plans and Commitments: When making plans or commitments where one action must be finalized before another can take place. This ensures clarity in scheduling.
시험이 끝나고 나서 여행 갈 거예요.(Siheomi kkeunnago naseo yeohaeng gal geoyeyo.)- "I will go on a trip after the exam finishes."
회의하고 나서 다시 알려드릴게요.(Hoeuihago naseo dasi allyeodeurilgeyo.)- "I will let you know again after the meeting."
- 1Narrating Past Events with Emphasis on Sequence: When recounting events, particularly if you want to highlight the definitive end of one action before the next began, implying a clear transition or even a short break.
밥을 다 먹고 나서 설거지를 했어요.(Babeul da meokgo naseo seolgeojeureul haesseoyo.)- "After finishing all the food, I did the dishes." (Emphasizes the completion of eating.)
-고 나서 serves this purpose by eliminating ambiguity about the temporal relationship between events.Common Mistakes
-고 나서. Understanding these pitfalls and the underlying reasons can significantly improve your accuracy.- 1Marking Tense on the First Verb: This is the most frequent mistake. Remember, only the final verb in the sentence carries tense and politeness markers. The verb stem before
-고 나서remains in its base, untensed form.
- Incorrect:
영화를 봤고 나서 잠이 들었어요.(Yeonghwareul bwatgo naseo jami deureosseoyo.) - Correct:
영화를 보고 나서 잠이 들었어요.(Yeonghwareul bogo naseo jami deureosseoyo.) - Explanation: The past tense marker
았/었(봤from보다) should not be attached to the verb before-고 나서.
- 1Using with Descriptive Verbs (Adjectives):
-고 나서is exclusively for action verbs (동사, dongsa). Adjectives (형용사, hyeongyongsa) describe states or qualities, which do not have a defined beginning and end in the same way an action does. You cannot "finish" being pretty or "finish" being hungry.
- Incorrect:
예쁘고 나서 사진을 찍었어요.(Yeppeugo naseo sajineul jjigeosseoyo.) - Reasoning:
예쁘다(yeppeuda, to be pretty) is an adjective. A state cannot be "completed" and then lead to another action with this pattern. - Correct alternatives: To express a sequential idea with descriptive verbs, you often need to convert them into an action using
-아/어지다(a/eo-jida, to become) or use-(으)ㄴ 후에(eun hue). 예뻐지고 나서 사진을 찍었어요.(Yeppeojigo naseo sajineul jjigeosseoyo.) – "After becoming pretty, I took a picture."배고프지 않은 후에 밥을 먹었어요.(Baegopeuji aneun hue babeul meogeosseoyo.) – "After not being hungry, I ate." (More natural would be배고픔이 가시고 나서- after the hunger subsided.)
- 1Using with
이다(to be) or아니다(to not be): Similar to adjectives,이다and아니다are copulas that express identity or non-identity, not actions that complete. Therefore, they cannot be used directly with-고 나서.
- Incorrect:
학생이고 나서 졸업했어요.(Haksaengigo naseo joreophaesseoyo.) - Correct alternative: You would use
-(으)ㄴ 후에with되다(doeda, to become) or other temporal expressions. 학생이 된 후에 졸업했어요.(Haksaengi doen hue joreophaesseoyo.) – "After becoming a student, I graduated." (This sounds a bit unnatural; often, you'd just say졸업했어요)대학교를 졸업하고 나서 취직했어요.(Daehakgyoreul joreopago naseo chwijikhaesseoyo.) – "After graduating from university, I got a job." (This emphasizes the action of graduating).
- 1Overuse when simple
-고is sufficient: While-고 나서provides strong emphasis on completion, not every sequential action requires it. Simple-고is often more natural for listing activities without the strong implication of a distinct break.
아침에 일어나서 밥 먹고 학교 갔어요.(Achime ireonaseo bap meokgo hakgyo gasseoyo.) – "In the morning, I woke up, ate, and went to school." (Natural, conversational listing).아침에 일어나고 나서 밥을 먹고 나서 학교에 갔어요.(Achime ireonago naseo babeul meokgo naseo hakgyoe gasseoyo.) – While grammatically correct, using-고 나서twice here makes the sentence overly emphatic and slightly unnatural, suggesting distinct pauses after each action. The context should dictate the level of emphasis needed.
-고 나서 effectively and naturally, avoiding common pitfalls that can make your Korean sound awkward or incorrect.Real Conversations
-고 나서 is a ubiquitous pattern in everyday Korean, found in various forms of communication, from casual texts to more formal work settings. Its natural flow makes it a staple for native speakers when clarity in sequence is desired.
Casual Texting/Messaging (해체)
- 밥 먹고 나서 연락할게~ (Bap meokgo naseo yeollakalge~) – "I'll contact you after I eat~"
- 수업 끝나고 나서 바로 갈게! (Sueop kkeutnago naseo baro galge!) – "I'll go right away after class finishes!"
- 영화 보고 나서 카페 갈까? (Yeonghwa bogo naseo kape galkka?) – "Shall we go to a cafe after watching the movie?"
- Cultural Insight: In modern Korean communication, especially among younger generations, precise scheduling and communication of plans often involves clearly delineating actions, making -고 나서 a go-to choice for establishing a timeline.
Everyday Spoken Korean (해체 / 해요체)
- 친구: 퇴근하고 나서 뭐 해? (Twegeunhago naseo mwo hae?) – "What are you doing after work?"
- 나: 집에 가서 쉬려고. (Jibe gaseo swiryeogo.) – "I'm planning to go home and rest."
- 운동하고 나서 샤워했어요. (Undonghago naseo syaworeul haesseoyo.) – "I showered after exercising."
- 이거 읽고 나서 나한테 줘. (Igeo ilgo naseo nahante jwo.) – "Give it to me after reading this."
Formal/Work Contexts (합니다체)
- 보고서를 검토하고 나서 다시 말씀드리겠습니다. (Bogoseoreul geomtohago naseo dasi malsseumdeurigetseumnida.)
- "After reviewing the report, I will inform you again."
- 회의가 끝나고 나서 참석자들에게 공지하겠습니다. (Hoeuiga kkeutnago naseo chamseokjadeurege gongjihagetseumnida.)
- "I will notify the attendees after the meeting concludes."
- 자료를 확인하고 나서 결정하시기 바랍니다. (Jaryoreul hwaginhago naseo gyeoljeonghasigi baramnida.)
- "Please make your decision after checking the materials."
Notice how -고 나서 fits seamlessly into different formality levels, with the politeness being determined by the final verb's ending. Its core function of indicating completed action leading to another remains consistent across all situations. It’s an essential tool for expressing logical and temporal progression in any conversation.
Quick FAQ
-고 나서.서 and just say -고나?-고나 (go na) by dropping the 서, it is not the standard or grammatically complete form. It's akin to very informal contractions in English. For learners, it is strongly recommended to stick to the full -고 나서 form to ensure grammatical correctness and naturalness in all contexts.-고 나서 formal or informal?-고 나서 itself is neutral in terms of formality. Its politeness level is entirely determined by the final verb ending of the sentence. You can use it in highly formal situations (with 습니다/ㅂ니다 or 세요 endings) or in very casual ones (with 아/어 or ㄹ게 endings).밥을 먹고 나서 가세요.(Babeul meokgo naseo gaseyo.) – "Please go after eating." (Polite,하세요체)밥을 먹고 나서 가.(Babeul meokgo naseo ga.) – "Go after eating." (Casual,해체)밥을 먹고 나서 갈 겁니다.(Babeul meokgo naseo gal geomnida.) – "I will go after eating." (Formal,합니다체)
-고 나서 compare to just -고?-고 나서 and -고 connect actions in a sequence, but they carry different nuances:-고: This is a more general connective ending. It can simply list actions in chronological order, but it does not strongly emphasize the completion of the first action or a distinct break between actions. The actions can sometimes even overlap slightly, or the relationship is looser.밥을 먹고 커피를 마셨어요.(Babeul meokgo keopireul masyeosseoyo.) – "I ate and drank coffee." (Could be immediately after, or with a short break, or even concurrently depending on context.)-고 나서: This strongly emphasizes that the first action is definitively completed before the second action begins. There is a clear temporal separation or a definite end to the first activity. It is used when the completion of the preceding action is important for the subsequent one.밥을 먹고 나서 커피를 마셨어요.(Babeul meokgo naseo keopireul masyeosseoyo.) – "After finishing eating, I drank coffee." (Clear distinction: eating finished, then coffee.)
-고 나서 compare to -(으)ㄴ 후에?-(으)ㄴ 후에 (eun hue) is another common expression meaning "after doing something." They are often interchangeable in meaning, but there are subtle differences in usage and nuance:-고 나서 | -(으)ㄴ 후에 |동사). | Can be used with action verbs, and also with descriptive verbs (형용사) or 이다 / 아니다 when made into actions (-게 되다 or -이/가 된). Can also attach directly to nouns (e.g., 식사 후에 - after a meal). |공부하고 나서 놀아요. (After studying, I play.) | 공부한 후에 놀아요. (After studying, I play.) (Often interchangeable here)|예쁘다 | 예뻐진 후에... (After becoming pretty...)식사하고 나서 (After eating/doing a meal) | 식사 후에 (After a meal) (More common and natural)|-고 나서 often feels more direct and emphasizes the doing and finishing of the action itself, whereas -(으)ㄴ 후에 can refer more broadly to the time after an event has occurred.-고 나서 compare to -아/어서 for sequence?-아/어서 (a/eo-seo) can also indicate sequential actions, it carries additional meanings that -고 나서 does not:-고 나서 | -아/어서 (Sequential Use) |비가 와서 길이 미끄러워요. - Because it rained, the road is slippery.) |-으세요) or prohibitive (-지 마세요) endings. | Cannot be followed by imperative or prohibitive endings when expressing sequence/causation. |숙제를 하고 나서 놀아요. (After doing homework, I play.) | 도서관에 가서 책을 빌렸어요. (Went to the library and borrowed a book / Went to the library to borrow a book.) |손을 씻고 나서 밥을 먹으세요. (Wash hands, then eat.) | Incorrect: 손을 씻어서 밥을 먹으세요. (Washing hands and so eat.) |-고 나서 for a clear, simple "Action A, then Action B" sequence with emphasis on A's completion. Use -아/어서 when Action A is the reason for Action B, or when Action B is a very natural and immediate consequence of Action A (often for verbs of motion where the going/coming is integral to the next action).Formation Table
| Verb Stem | Suffix | Combined Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
|
먹
|
고 나서
|
먹고 나서
|
After eating
|
|
가
|
고 나서
|
가고 나서
|
After going
|
|
하
|
고 나서
|
하고 나서
|
After doing
|
|
읽
|
고 나서
|
읽고 나서
|
After reading
|
|
보
|
고 나서
|
보고 나서
|
After seeing
|
|
자
|
고 나서
|
자고 나서
|
After sleeping
|
|
만나
|
고 나서
|
만나고 나서
|
After meeting
|
|
공부하
|
고 나서
|
공부하고 나서
|
After studying
|
Common Variations
| Full Form | Shortened/Alternative |
|---|---|
|
-고 나서
|
-은/ㄴ 후에
|
|
-고 나서
|
-은/ㄴ 뒤에
|
Meanings
This grammar structure indicates that the first action is fully completed before the second action occurs.
Sequential Completion
Strict order where action A must finish before action B starts.
“운동을 하고 나서 샤워를 해요.”
“영화를 보고 나서 친구를 만났어요.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Verb + 고 나서
|
밥을 먹고 나서 가요.
|
|
Negative
|
Verb + 지 않고 나서
|
숙제를 하지 않고 나서 놀지 마세요.
|
|
Question
|
Verb + 고 나서 + Question?
|
밥을 먹고 나서 무엇을 할 거예요?
|
|
Past
|
Verb + 고 나서 + Past Tense
|
영화를 보고 나서 잤어요.
|
|
Future
|
Verb + 고 나서 + Future Tense
|
도착하고 나서 전화할게요.
|
|
Polite
|
Verb + 고 나서 + (으)세요
|
운동을 하고 나서 쉬세요.
|
Formality Spectrum
식사하시고 나서 가십시오. (Leaving a restaurant)
식사하고 나서 가세요. (Leaving a restaurant)
밥 먹고 나서 가. (Leaving a restaurant)
밥 먹고 튀어. (Leaving a restaurant)
The Sequence Flow
Result
- Action B Next step
State
- Completion 100% done
Examples by Level
밥을 먹고 나서 가요.
I eat and then I go.
숙제를 하고 나서 자요.
I do homework and then sleep.
운동을 하고 나서 물을 마셔요.
I exercise and then drink water.
책을 읽고 나서 친구를 만나요.
I read a book and then meet a friend.
영화를 보고 나서 저녁을 먹었어요.
I watched a movie and then ate dinner.
한국어를 공부하고 나서 드라마를 봐요.
I study Korean and then watch a drama.
샤워를 하고 나서 옷을 입었어요.
I showered and then put on clothes.
청소를 하고 나서 쉬고 싶어요.
I want to rest after cleaning.
회의를 끝내고 나서 보고서를 작성하겠습니다.
I will write the report after finishing the meeting.
재료를 다 썰고 나서 냄비에 넣으세요.
After cutting all the ingredients, put them in the pot.
비행기에서 내리고 나서 짐을 찾았어요.
After getting off the plane, I found my luggage.
결정을 하고 나서 다시 연락할게요.
I will contact you again after I make a decision.
이론을 배우고 나서 실습을 시작하는 것이 좋습니다.
It is good to start the practice after learning the theory.
계약을 체결하고 나서 보증금을 입금했습니다.
I deposited the security money after signing the contract.
프로그램을 설치하고 나서 컴퓨터를 재부팅하세요.
Please reboot the computer after installing the program.
문제를 분석하고 나서 해결책을 제시했습니다.
I presented a solution after analyzing the problem.
심도 있는 논의를 하고 나서 최종안을 도출했습니다.
We derived the final draft after an in-depth discussion.
환자의 상태를 확인하고 나서 처방을 내렸습니다.
I prescribed the medication after checking the patient's condition.
현장 조사를 하고 나서 보고서를 제출할 예정입니다.
I plan to submit the report after conducting the field survey.
상황을 파악하고 나서 적절한 조치를 취했습니다.
I took appropriate measures after grasping the situation.
역사적 맥락을 고찰하고 나서야 비로소 그 작품의 진가를 이해할 수 있었습니다.
Only after considering the historical context could I understand the true value of the work.
수년간의 시행착오를 겪고 나서야 성공의 열쇠를 찾았습니다.
Only after years of trial and error did I find the key to success.
모든 변수를 고려하고 나서 내린 결론이기에 후회는 없습니다.
Since the conclusion was reached after considering all variables, I have no regrets.
사회적 합의를 도출하고 나서 정책을 시행하는 것이 타당합니다.
It is reasonable to implement the policy after reaching a social consensus.
Easily Confused
Learners use -고 when they mean sequence.
They mean the same thing.
Both involve sequence.
Common Mistakes
먹었-고 나서
먹고 나서
예쁘고 나서
N/A
가고나서
가고 나서
먹고 나서 밥을 먹어요
밥을 먹고 나서 물을 마셔요
공부했-고 나서
공부하고 나서
자고 나서 잤어요
숙제하고 나서 잤어요
가고 나서 집에
집에 가고 나서
도착했-고 나서
도착하고 나서
먹고 나서 먹었어요
요리하고 나서 먹었어요
끝나고 나서
끝내고 나서
했-고 나서
하고 나서
가고 나서야 했어요
가고 나서야 했어요
먹고 나서 밥을
밥을 먹고 나서
Sentence Patterns
___하고 나서 ___해요.
___하고 나서 ___할 거예요.
___하고 나서 ___했었어요.
___하고 나서야 비로소 ___.
Real World Usage
도착하고 나서 연락해!
끓고 나서 불을 줄이세요.
검토하고 나서 보내주세요.
체크인하고 나서 짐을 풀었어요.
단어를 외우고 나서 문장을 만드세요.
운동하고 나서 한 컷!
Check the stem
No adjectives
Tense at the end
Politeness
Smart Tips
Use -고 나서 instead of simple -고.
Use -고 나서 to create a clear logical flow.
Use -고 나서 to avoid confusion.
Use -고 나서 to pace your narrative.
Pronunciation
Linking
The '고' and '나' are pronounced clearly. No special sound changes.
Statement
밥을 먹고 나서 가요 ↘
Neutral declarative tone.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of '고 나서' as 'Go-Na-Seo' (Go-Now-See). You go do the first thing, now you see the next thing.
Visual Association
Imagine a checklist. You check off the first box (Action A) with a big red marker, then move your pen to the second box (Action B).
Rhyme
First you finish, then you go, use -고 나서 to let them know!
Story
Min-su finished his homework. He checked it twice. After he was done, he put on his shoes. He went outside to play.
Word Web
Challenge
Write down 3 things you will do today using -고 나서 (e.g., 'I will brush my teeth and then go to work').
Cultural Notes
Koreans value clear sequencing in daily life, especially regarding meals and work.
In business, using this structure shows you are organized and process-oriented.
Recipes often use this to ensure steps are followed in order.
Derived from the verb '나다' (to emerge/arise), indicating the completion of an action.
Conversation Starters
오늘 수업 끝나고 나서 뭐 할 거예요?
한국에 오고 나서 가장 놀란 게 뭐예요?
프로젝트를 끝내고 나서 무엇을 하고 싶으세요?
결혼하고 나서 삶이 어떻게 변했나요?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
밥을 ___ 나서 영화를 봐요.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
예쁘고 나서 옷을 샀어요.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
After studying, I sleep.
Answer starts with: 공부하...
하다 + 고 나서
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: 숙제 다 했어? B: 응, ___ 놀 거야.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises밥을 ___ 나서 영화를 봐요.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
예쁘고 나서 옷을 샀어요.
나서 / 먹고 / 밥을 / 가요
After studying, I sleep.
하다 + 고 나서
Match the sequence.
A: 숙제 다 했어? B: 응, ___ 놀 거야.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises책을 ___ 친구에게 빌려줬어요.
주세요 / 전화해 / 도착하고 / 나서
Identify the incorrect usage:
Connect the pairs:
우유를 ___ 집에 갔어요. (사다 - to buy)
밥을 먹겠고 나서 나갈 거예요.
깊게 ___ 결정을 내렸어요. (생각하다)
Context: You want to emphasize you finished a test completely before leaving the room.
생각하세요 / 듣고 / 나서 / 잘
불을 ___ 나가세요.
날씨가 춥고 나서 코트를 입었어요.
[___] 기분이 상쾌해요. (샤워하다)
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, adjectives describe a state, not an action that can be 'finished'.
They are very similar, but -고 나서 emphasizes the completion of the action.
Only at the end of the sentence.
Yes, it is perfectly acceptable in formal contexts.
You can chain them: A하고 나서 B하고 나서 C해요.
Yes, it is very common in both writing and speaking.
Because '나서' is a separate word (from '나다').
No, '이다' is a copula, not an action verb.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
〜てから
The structure is almost identical in usage.
Después de + infinitive
Korean uses a suffix, Spanish uses a preposition.
Nachdem + clause
Korean is a suffix, German is a clause-starter.
Après avoir + past participle
Korean is a simple suffix.
做完...以后
Korean is a single grammatical unit.
بعد أن + verb
Korean is a suffix.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Videos
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