B1 Relative Clauses 14 min read Médio

Pronomes Relativos: 'Which' para Coisas

Use o which pra adicionar informações essenciais e naturais sobre coisas, animais e ideias.
Marcar como aprendido
Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'which' to give more information about objects, animals, or ideas without starting a new sentence.

  • Use 'which' only for things and animals, never for people. Example: 'The book which I read.'
  • In non-defining clauses (extra info), always use a comma before 'which'. Example: 'My car, which is old, broke.'
  • In defining clauses (essential info), 'which' can often be replaced by 'that' in informal English.
Object + which + [Verb/Subject + Verb]

Overview

Já tentou explicar um aplicativo bugado para um amigo sem parecer um robô? Você provavelmente disse algo como:
I used that new food delivery app. The app crashed twice.
Beleza, mas isso é um pouco básico para alguém do seu nível.
Você quer que seu inglês flua como um trailer da Netflix, não como um manual de instruções chato. É aí que o which entra. É o conector supremo para coisas, animais e ideias.
Pense nele como a cola que une dois pensamentos relacionados para que você possa manter suas histórias andando sem ter que apertar o botão de 'ponto final' a cada cinco segundos. Ele transforma duas frases chatas em um pensamento sofisticado que faz você parecer que realmente morou em Londres ou Nova York por um ano.
Usar which é basicamente dar um sabor extra aos seus substantivos. No mundo da gramática, chamamos isso de pronome relativo. Mas você pode pensar nele apenas como um ponteiro.
Enquanto who é estritamente para sua galera e sua família, which cuida de todo o resto — seu iPhone, aquele gato de rua no seu bairro, o pavor existencial que você sente nas manhãs de segunda-feira, ou aquele TikTok viral que você não consegue tirar da cabeça. Ele permite que você dê mais informações sobre um objeto sem começar uma frase novinha em folha. Em inglês, usamos isso para definir de qual coisa específica estamos falando ou para adicionar um pequeno fato 'bônus' que não é estritamente necessário, mas é definitivamente interessante.
É como o botão 'Editar' em um post; ele deixa você voltar na frase e adicionar os detalhes que esqueceu de mencionar. Só não use para pessoas, ou você vai fazer seu melhor amigo se sentir como uma torradeira.

How This Grammar Works

Na sua essência, which substitui um substantivo. Em vez de repetir o substantivo na segunda parte da sua frase, você o troca por which. Digamos que você tem duas ideias:
The laptop is on the table
e
The laptop is broken.
Em vez de repetir the laptop, você diz:
The laptop, which is on the table, is broken.
Viu?
Bem mais fluido. Existem duas maneiras principais de usarmos isso. Primeiro, tem a versão 'restritiva' onde você nos diz exatamente a qual item se refere.
The game which I bought yesterday is amazing.
Segundo, tem a versão 'não restritiva', onde você adiciona informações extras que poderíamos viver sem.
My car, which is ten years old, still runs perfectly.
Percebe essas vírgulas? Elas são como pequenas alças que permitem pegar a informação extra e jogá-la fora se você quisesse.
Se a informação for apenas um comentário do tipo 'a propósito', use vírgulas. Se a informação for essencial para saber de que coisa você está falando, as vírgulas ficam em casa. Além disso, which às vezes pode se referir a uma situação inteira.
He forgot my birthday, which was really annoying.
Aqui, which não é apenas o aniversário; é o fato de que ele esqueceu. É o pronome do 'drama'.

Formation Pattern

1
Criar uma frase com which é como montar um conjunto de Lego. Você só precisa seguir a ordem certa:
2
Comece com seu Main Noun (o que você quer falar).
3
(Opcional) Adicione uma Comma se você estiver apenas dando informações extras e não essenciais.
4
Adicione a palavra which imediatamente após o substantivo.
5
Siga com a Action or Description (o verbo e o resto do detalhe).
6
(Opcional) Feche a caixa de 'informação extra' com outra Comma se a frase continuar.
7
Termine seu Main Thought.
8
Exemplo:
The pizza (1), which (3) had pineapple on it (4), was delicious (6).
9
Lembre-se: A oração com which deve ficar o mais perto possível do substantivo. Se você colocá-la muito longe, as pessoas podem ficar confusas sobre o que você está descrevendo. Não diga
I saw a cat in the car which was blue.
O gato era azul ou o carro? A menos que seja um gato do Avatar, você provavelmente quis dizer o carro.

When To Use It

Você deve recorrer ao which sempre que quiser especificar um objeto ou adicionar um detalhe sem ser repetitivo. É perfeito para:
  • Social Media Captions:
    The view, which took my breath away, was worth the hike.
  • Product Reviews:
    The headphones, which I ordered on Amazon, arrived broken.
  • Professional Emails:
    The report, which contains the final data, is attached below.
  • Storytelling:
    We stayed in a hotel which used to be a haunted castle.
  • Clarifying Choices:
    Which is the movie which you wanted to see?
    (Calma, são dois whiches! Totalmente legal, embora talvez um pouco repetitivo — tente usar that para um deles para soar mais natural).
É também a escolha certa para a escrita formal. Enquanto that é super comum na fala casual, which muitas vezes parece um pouco mais 'estudante universitário escrevendo uma tese' ou 'CEO fazendo uma apresentação'. Se você está escrevendo uma carta formal ou uma redação, which é seu melhor amigo.
Em mensagens de texto? Você pode usar, mas mantenha casual. "The coffee which I just spilled is all over my white shirt.
FML."

Common Mistakes

Até aprendizes profissionais tropeçam nessas, então não esquenta a cabeça se você tropeçar também.
  • The Human Error: Usar which para pessoas.
    The teacher which is nice.
    ✗ Errado! Use who. A menos que seu professor seja um holograma, ele merece um who.
  • Comma Trauma: Esquecer as vírgulas para informações extras.
    My phone which is a Samsung is new.
    Se você só tem um telefone, precisa de vírgulas:
    My phone, which is a Samsung, is new.
    Sem vírgulas, parece que você tem cinco telefones e está especificando o da Samsung.
  • The Double Subject: Adicionar um pronome extra.
    The book which I read it was good.
    ✗ Não! O which já substitui o 'it'. Não seja fominha com seus pronomes.
  • Which vs. What: Usar what em vez de which.
    The movie what I saw.
    ✗ Isso soa muito não-nativo ou um dialeto muito específico. Fique com which ou that para coisas.
  • Distance Issues: Colocar muitas palavras entre o substantivo e o which. Mantenha-os pertinho, como se estivessem num primeiro encontro e realmente se gostassem.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

O maior rival do which é o that. Em muitos casos, especialmente no inglês americano, as pessoas os usam de forma intercambiável.
The car that I want
vs.
The car which I want.
Ambos estão ok. No entanto, há uma regra secreta: você só pode usar which para orações não restritivas (aquelas com vírgulas). Você não pode dizer:
My house, that is red, is on the corner.
✗ Isso soa estranho.
Tem que ser which.
Outro contraste é com who. Como mencionamos, who é para pessoas, e which é para coisas. Animais são uma área cinzenta. Se é seu cachorro de estimação, Sparky, use who. Ele é família! Se é um pombo aleatório no parque, use which.
Finalmente, compare com where. Where é para lugares, mas você pode, na verdade, usar which se adicionar uma preposição.
The house where I live
é o mesmo que
The house in which I live.
O segundo é muito formal — pense numa vibe 'Downton Abbey'.
A maioria das pessoas só diz
The house I live in,
mas which te dá aquele toque de classe quando você precisa.

Quick FAQ

Q

Posso usar which para começar uma pergunta?

Sim, mas esse é um trabalho diferente!

Which one do you want?
é um pronome interrogativo. Nosso which aqui é um pronome relativo, usado para unir frases.

Q

O which é mais formal que o that?

Geralmente, sim. Em mensagens casuais, as pessoas costumam usar that ou simplesmente omitir o pronome.

The book I read
é mais comum do que
The book which I read.

Q

O which pode se referir a uma frase inteira?

Com certeza!

It rained all day, which ruined our picnic.
O which se refere ao fato inteiro de ter chovido.

Q

Eu sempre preciso de uma vírgula antes de which?

Nem sempre. Só se a informação for 'extra' e a frase ainda fizer sentido sem ela.

Q

E se eu estiver falando de uma empresa?

Empresas geralmente são tratadas como 'coisas', então use which.

The company, which was founded in 2010, is now a global giant.

Q

Posso usar which para um animal de estimação?

Se você quiser ser frio e distante, sim. Se você os ama, use who.

Using 'Which' in Different Roles

Role Structure Example Notes
Subject
Noun + which + Verb
The car which crashed...
'Which' acts as the subject.
Object
Noun + which + Subject + Verb
The car which I bought...
'Which' acts as the object.
With Preposition (Formal)
Noun + Prep + which + Subj + Verb
The house in which I live...
Common in formal writing.
With Preposition (Informal)
Noun + which + Subj + Verb + Prep
The house which I live in...
Common in spoken English.
Sentential
Clause + , + which + Verb
It rained, which was bad.
Refers to the whole situation.

Meanings

A relative pronoun used to introduce a relative clause that provides additional information about a noun that is not a person (objects, animals, concepts, or whole situations).

1

Defining Relative Clause

Used to identify exactly which object we are talking about. The information is essential to the sentence.

“The umbrella which I lost yesterday was blue.”

“Where is the letter which arrived this morning?”

2

Non-Defining Relative Clause

Used to add extra, non-essential information about an object. It is always separated by commas.

“My house, which was built in 1920, needs repairs.”

“The movie, which lasted three hours, was very boring.”

3

Sentential Relative Clause

Used to refer back to the entire previous clause or sentence rather than just a single noun.

“He arrived late, which annoyed everyone.”

“She passed the exam, which was a huge relief.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Pronomes Relativos: 'Which' para Coisas
Pronome Refere-se a Função Exemplo
who
Pessoas
Sujeito/Objeto de oração relativa
The student `who` passed.
which
Coisas, animais, ideias
Sujeito/Objeto de oração relativa
The book `which` I read.
that
Pessoas, coisas, animais, ideias
Sujeito/Objeto de oração relativa
The car `that` broke down.
whom
Pessoas (objeto formal)
Objeto de oração relativa (formal)
The person `whom` I met.
whose
Posse (pessoas/coisas)
Possessivo
The artist `whose` work I admire.

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
The vehicle which was acquired last month is performing well.

The vehicle which was acquired last month is performing well. (Purchasing a car)

Neutro
The car which I bought last month is running great.

The car which I bought last month is running great. (Purchasing a car)

Informal
The car I got last month is great.

The car I got last month is great. (Purchasing a car)

Gíria
That ride which I copped is fire.

That ride which I copped is fire. (Purchasing a car)

Entendendo 'Which'

`Which`

Refere-se a

  • Coisas Objetos inanimados
  • Animais Animais de estimação, selvagens
  • Ideias Conceitos, planos

Função

  • Conecta Orações Liga informações descritivas
  • Adiciona Detalhe Fornece informações essenciais ou extras
  • Evita Repetição Substitui substantivo na segunda oração

Estrutura Gramatical

  • `Substantivo + which + Oração` Padrão normal
  • Sujeito/Objeto Pode funcionar como ambos
  • Orações Definidoras Informação essencial

`Who` vs. `Which` vs. `That`

`Who`
The person `who` called. Refere-se a PESSOAS
She's the friend `who` helped. Apenas para indivíduos/grupos
`Which`
The book `which` I read. Refere-se a COISAS, ANIMAIS, IDEIAS
The dog `which` barked. Pode ser definidor ou não-definidor
`That`
The car `that` broke down. Pode se referir a PESSOAS, COISAS, ANIMAIS, IDEIAS
The student `that` passed. Tipicamente orações definidoras

Escolhendo o Pronome Relativo Certo para uma Coisa

1

O substantivo é uma pessoa?

YES
Use `who` ou `that`
NO
Continue
2

O substantivo é uma coisa, um animal ou uma ideia?

YES
Use `which` (ou `that`)
NO
Reavalie seu substantivo
3

A informação é essencial para identificar o substantivo?

YES
Use `which` (sem vírgula)
NO
Use `which` (com vírgula) para informação extra (tópico B2+)
4

O pronome relativo é o sujeito da oração?

YES
Mantenha `which` (não pode omitir)
NO
Você pode opcionalmente omitir `which` (tópico B2+)

Contextos Modernos para 'Which'

💬

Conversa Online

  • • Mensagens para amigos
  • • Chat de voz em jogos
  • • Avaliações online
🏠

Vida Diária

  • • Pedir comida (apps)
  • • Conversas em cafeterias
  • • Explicar problemas
📚

Acadêmico/Profissional

  • • Projetos em grupo na universidade
  • • Entrevistas de emprego no Zoom
  • • Relatórios/apresentações
🎬

Entretenimento

  • • Legendas do Netflix
  • • Discutir filmes/séries
  • • Legendas de Instagram/TikTok
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

I have a car which is red.

I have a car which is red.

2

This is the book which I like.

This is the book which I like.

3

The dog which is in the garden is mine.

The dog which is in the garden is mine.

4

I want the cake which has chocolate.

I want the cake which has chocolate.

1

The phone which I bought yesterday is broken.

The phone which I bought yesterday is broken.

2

Is this the bus which goes to the airport?

Is this the bus which goes to the airport?

3

I lost the keys which were on the table.

I lost the keys which were on the table.

4

The movie which we saw was very funny.

The movie which we saw was very funny.

1

My computer, which is quite old, is very slow.

My computer, which is quite old, is very slow.

2

He forgot my birthday, which made me sad.

He forgot my birthday, which made me sad.

3

The hotel which we stayed in was near the beach.

The hotel which we stayed in was near the beach.

4

I need a job which allows me to work from home.

I need a job which allows me to work from home.

1

The document to which you are referring is lost.

The document to which you are referring is lost.

2

The city, which was founded in 1200, is famous for its art.

The city, which was founded in 1200, is famous for its art.

3

They offered me a promotion, which I immediately accepted.

They offered me a promotion, which I immediately accepted.

4

The criteria by which we judge success are changing.

The criteria by which we judge success are changing.

1

The proposal, the merits of which are debatable, was rejected.

The proposal, the merits of which are debatable, was rejected.

2

He was late for the meeting, which fact he failed to mention.

He was late for the meeting, which fact he failed to mention.

3

The system, which had been failing for years, finally collapsed.

The system, which had been failing for years, finally collapsed.

4

It was a decision from which there was no turning back.

It was a decision from which there was no turning back.

1

The treaty, the signing of which heralded a new era, was brief.

The treaty, the signing of which heralded a new era, was brief.

2

She argued that the law was unjust, which view was widely shared.

She argued that the law was unjust, which view was widely shared.

3

The company went bankrupt, which outcome surprised no one.

The company went bankrupt, which outcome surprised no one.

4

We reached the summit at noon, by which time the fog had lifted.

We reached the summit at noon, by which time the fog had lifted.

Fácil de confundir

Relative Pronouns: 'Which' for Things vs Which vs. That

Learners often use 'that' after a comma or 'which' without a comma when they shouldn't.

Relative Pronouns: 'Which' for Things vs Which vs. Who

Using 'which' for people or 'who' for objects.

Relative Pronouns: 'Which' for Things vs Which vs. What

Using 'what' to join two sentences.

Erros comuns

✗

The man which is tall.

✓

The man who is tall.

Use 'who' for people, not 'which'.
✗

The book it is good.

✓

The book which is good.

When joining sentences, 'which' replaces 'it'.
✗

I like the cat who is black.

✓

I like the cat which is black.

Animals usually take 'which' unless they are pets with names.
✗

The car which it is red.

✓

The car which is red.

Don't use a double subject ('which' and 'it').
✗

The movie what I saw.

✓

The movie which I saw.

Don't use 'what' as a relative pronoun.
✗

The pen which I write with it.

✓

The pen which I write with.

Remove the object pronoun 'it' at the end.
✗

The house where I bought.

✓

The house which I bought.

Use 'which' for objects, 'where' for locations only if you are talking about the place *in* which something happens.
✗

My car, that is old, broke down.

✓

My car, which is old, broke down.

You cannot use 'that' in non-defining clauses (with commas).
✗

He was late that was annoying.

✓

He was late, which was annoying.

Use 'which' to refer to a whole situation.
✗

The city which I live is big.

✓

The city which I live in is big.

Don't forget the preposition if the verb needs one.
✗

The company who's profits are high.

✓

The company, the profits of which are high.

In very formal English, 'of which' is preferred for inanimate objects over 'whose'.

Padrões de frases

I have a ___ which ___.

The ___ which I ___ is ___.

My ___, which is ___, is ___.

___, which meant that ___.

Real World Usage

Online Shopping very common

I want to return the shoes which I ordered last week.

Job Interviews common

I am looking for a role which offers growth opportunities.

Texting Friends constant

I lost my phone, which is why I didn't call.

Travel/Tourism common

Is this the museum which has the Picasso paintings?

Technical Support occasional

Click the button which is located in the top right corner.

Social Media very common

Check out this sunset, which was taken without a filter!

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos
💡

Mais Clareza com 'Which'

Use 'which' para dizer exatamente QUAL coisa você está falando, principalmente se tiver várias opções. Ajuda a sua frase ficar muito mais clara:
This is the key which opens the main door.
⚠️

Pessoas NÃO usam 'Which'!

Jamais, em hipótese alguma, use 'which' para pessoas. É um erro supercomum! Para pessoas, grupos ou profissões, use sempre 'who' ou 'that':
The student who passed the exam was happy.
🎯

Quando 'Which' pode sumir?

Às vezes, você pode tirar o 'which' (e 'that') se ele for o objeto da oração relativa, e não o sujeito. Por exemplo: 'The movie I watched...' (o 'which' está implícito). Mas se 'which' for o sujeito (quem faz a ação), ele tem que ficar: 'The movie which was great...'
🌍

Formal vs. Informal

Em textos formais, você pode ver preposições antes do 'which' (tipo 'the device with which'). Mas na conversa do dia a dia, é mais comum a preposição ir para o final da frase: 'the device which he fixed with'.
💡

Pensa em 'Coisa, Animal, Ideia'

Se você estiver em dúvida entre 'who' e 'which', pensa assim: É uma pessoa? Se não for, então 'which' é a escolha certa! Simples, né?:
I have a dog which loves to play.

Smart Tips

Use 'which' instead of 'that' to sound more professional and precise.

I received the file that you sent. → I received the file which you sent.

Use ', which' at the end of your sentence to share your opinion.

I passed the test. I am happy. → I passed the test, which makes me very happy.

Never use 'that' after a comma in a relative clause. It's always 'which'.

My car, that is blue, is fast. → My car, which is blue, is fast.

Try removing 'which' to see if the sentence sounds more natural in speech.

The movie which I saw was great. → The movie I saw was great.

Pronúncia

/wɪtʃ/

The 'wh' sound

In most modern English dialects, 'which' is pronounced exactly like 'witch' /wɪtʃ/. Some older or regional dialects (like Scottish) might use a voiceless 'w' /hw/.

My car [pause] which is old [pause] broke.

Comma Intonation

In non-defining clauses, there is a slight drop in pitch and a brief pause where the commas are.

Non-defining drop

The cake, ↘ which was chocolate, ↗ was eaten.

The information inside the commas is parenthetical (extra).

Memorize

Mnemônico

W-H-I-C-H: Whatever Has Inanimate Characteristics Here.

Associação visual

Imagine a giant question mark (?) turning into a bridge. The bridge connects a box (the object) to a label (the description). The bridge is made of the letters W-H-I-C-H.

Rhyme

For a person use 'who', for a thing 'which' will do.

Story

A robot named 'Which' only collects objects. He picks up a 'ball which is round' and a 'box which is heavy'. He never picks up people because he doesn't understand 'who' they are.

Word Web

ObjectAnimalIdeaCommaRelativeClauseConnector

Desafio

Look around your room. Pick 5 objects and describe them using 'which'. (e.g., 'The chair which is near the window is brown.')

Notas culturais

American style guides (like APA or Chicago) are very strict about using 'that' for defining clauses and 'which' only for non-defining clauses.

British English is more flexible. It is very common to hear 'which' used in defining clauses where an American would almost always use 'that'.

In academic writing globally, 'which' is preferred for its precision, especially when used with prepositions like 'in which' or 'by which'.

From Old English 'hwilc', which was originally a question word meaning 'of what form'.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

What is a movie which you have seen many times?

“

Tell me about a hobby which you started recently.

“

Describe a city which you would love to visit.

“

Think of a problem in your town which needs to be fixed.

Temas para diário

Write about three objects in your house which are very important to you. Explain why.
Describe a difficult situation you faced recently, which had a surprising outcome.
Compare two technologies which have changed the world. Use both defining and non-defining clauses.
Write a formal letter complaining about a product which did not meet your expectations.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Escolha a forma correta:

I need the book ___ is on the top shelf.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
O livro é uma coisa, então 'which' é o pronome relativo correto aqui. Fácil!
Encontre e corrija o erro: Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

The person which called me was very rude.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The person who called me was very rude.
'Which' é usado para coisas, animais ou ideias. Para pessoas, você deve usar 'who'. Fica de olho!
Qual frase está correta? Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The car which broke down needed repairs.
'Which' se refere corretamente a 'the car', um objeto inanimado, e a oração segue imediatamente o substantivo. Perfeito!
Traduza para o inglês: Tradução

Translate into English: 'Vi la película que ganó el premio.'

Answer starts with: ["I...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I saw the movie which won the award.","I saw the film which won the award."]
O filme é uma coisa, então 'which' é usado para introduzir a oração relativa que o descreve. Boa!

Score: /4

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Choose the correct relative pronoun. Múltipla escolha

The car ___ I bought is very fast.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
We use 'which' for objects like cars.
Find and fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

The man which lives next door is a doctor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The man who lives next door is a doctor.
You must use 'who' for people.
Fill in the blank with 'which' and a comma if necessary.

My bike ___ is in the garage is broken.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
This is a defining clause (identifying which bike), so no comma is needed.
Combine the sentences using 'which'. Sentence Transformation

I have a new phone. It has a great camera.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I have a new phone which has a great camera.
'Which' replaces 'it' and acts as the subject.
Is the following sentence grammatically correct? True False Rule

Paris, that is the capital of France, is beautiful.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
You cannot use 'that' in a non-defining clause (between commas). You must use 'which'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Why are you upset? B: I lost my wallet, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which was annoying
Use a sentential relative clause to comment on the situation.
Which sentence is a 'Non-Defining' clause? Grammar Sorting

Select the non-defining clause.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The book, which I read yesterday, was good.
Non-defining clauses use commas and provide extra info.
Match the start and end of the sentences. Match Pairs

1. The house... 2. He lied... 3. The dog...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-which I built, 2-which was sad, 3-which barked
All these antecedents (house, situation, dog) take 'which'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

13 exercises
Escolha a forma correta: Preencher as lacunas

The laptop ___ I use for work is very fast.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
Qual frase está correta? Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This is the song which makes me happy.
Escolha a forma correta: Preencher as lacunas

Do you know the café ___ has outdoor seating?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
Combine o substantivo com o pronome relativo correto: Match Pairs

Match the subjects with the correct form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Encontre e corrija o erro: Error Correction

The movie, who was nominated for an Oscar, is streaming now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The movie, which was nominated for an Oscar, is streaming now.
Traduza para o inglês: Tradução

Translate into English: 'Ella tiene un perro que siempre duerme en su cama.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She has a dog which always sleeps on her bed.","She has a dog that always sleeps on her bed."]
Coloque as palavras em ordem: Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The book which I recommend is great.
Escolha a forma correta: Preencher as lacunas

The concept ___ he explained was quite complex.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: which
Encontre e corrija o erro: Error Correction

I found the keys was under the couch.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I found the keys which were under the couch.
Coloque as palavras em ordem: Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The reason for which he gave the explanation was not clear.
Traduza para o inglês: Tradução

Translate into English: 'El software, sin el cual no podemos operar, requiere una actualización.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["The software, without which we cannot operate, requires an update."]
Qual frase demonstra o uso mais formal de 'which'? Múltipla escolha

Which sentence demonstrates the most formal use of 'which'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The report, for which the deadline passed, was approved.
Encontre e corrija o erro: Error Correction

The painting, you bought, is beautiful.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The painting, which you bought, is beautiful.

Score: /13

Perguntas frequentes (8)

No, 'which' is strictly for things, animals, and ideas. For people, always use `who` or `whom`.

Use a comma if the information is 'extra' (non-defining). If the information is essential to identify the object, don't use a comma.

In American English, `that` is preferred for essential information. In British English, both are fine. However, only `which` can be used for extra information after a comma.

Yes, but only if it is the object of the clause (e.g., 'The book (which) I bought'). If it is the subject (e.g., 'The book which is on the table'), you must keep it.

It's when `which` refers to the whole previous sentence, not just one word. Example: 'He won, which surprised us.'

Yes, 'which' is the standard pronoun for animals. However, if the animal is a pet with a name, many people use `who`.

It is slightly more formal than `that` in defining clauses, but it is neutral in most other contexts.

It is a formal way to show possession for things. Example: 'The car, the door of which was open...' (Instead of 'whose door').

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

que / el cual

English distinguishes between 'who' (people) and 'which' (things), whereas Spanish often uses 'que' for both.

French moderate

qui / que / lequel

French relative pronouns change based on grammatical function (subject/object) rather than person/thing.

German partial

der / die / das / welcher

German relative pronouns have gender (masculine/feminine/neuter), while English 'which' is gender-neutral.

Japanese none

Attributive form

Japanese uses word order (modifier before noun) instead of a connecting word like 'which'.

Arabic partial

al-ladhi (الذي)

English 'which' is much simpler as it doesn't change for number or gender.

Chinese low

de (的)

The structure is reversed: [Description] + de + [Noun].

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Pronomes Relativos: Usando 'Who' para Pessoas
Next
Pronomes Relativos: Usando 'That' para Pessoas e Coisas

Learn These First

B1 Requires

Orações Relativas Restritivas: Identificando Pessoas e Coisas

### Visão Geral As orações relativas definidoras são estruturas gramaticais essenciais em inglês que fornecem informaçõe...

Continue With

B1 Builds On

Pronomes Relativos: Usando 'That' para Pessoas e Coisas

Overview Já rolou pela lista da Netflix e pensou: "Cadê o filme `that` todo mundo está comentando?" Ou talvez você este...

Vídeos relacionados

The Land Your State Doesn't Control 08:55

The Land Your State Doesn't Control
The Biggest Eruptions That Changed Earth Forever 09:59

The Biggest Eruptions That Changed Earth Forever
You Are Not Where You Think You Are 07:46

You Are Not Where You Think You Are
RELATIVE PRONOUNS | RELATIVE CLAUSES | ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - who, which, that, whose, whom 15:44 YouTube

RELATIVE PRONOUNS | RELATIVE CLAUSES | ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - who, which, that, whose, whom

Arnel's Everyday English
WHICH or THAT? A quick and simple guide. Relative clauses explained. English grammar lesson 4:56 YouTube

WHICH or THAT? A quick and simple guide. Relative clauses explained. English grammar lesson

To The Point English with Ben.

Relative Pronouns | Learn Basic English 2:07 YouTube

Relative Pronouns | Learn Basic English

English Animated

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Orações Relativas: Diferença entre Restritivas e Explicativas

Overview Imagine que você está navegando no seu feed do Instagram. Você vê uma postagem de um amigo que tem dois gatos....
B1

Advérbio Relativo: Where para Lugares

Overview Já tentou contar a um amigo sobre aquela pizzaria incrível, mas travou no meio da frase? Você sabe qual. É o lu...
B2

Orações relativas formais (nas quais, a quem)

### Overview As orações relativas formais, que seguem a estrutura `preposition + which` ou `preposition + whom`, repres...
B2

Encurte Suas Frases: Orações Relativas Reduzidas

### Overview Olha só, vamos falar sobre um recurso que vai elevar o seu inglês para um nível muito mais profissional e...
B2

Whose: Mostrando Posse

### Overview Dominar o uso do `whose` é um dos grandes marcos para quem está no nível B2. Por quê? Porque ele é a ferra...
Was this helpful?

Comentários (0)

Faça Login para Comentar
Nenhum comentário ainda. Seja o primeiro a compartilhar suas ideias!