Timing, Sequence, and Final Results
Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of narrative flow, from deliberate preparation to final, often surprising, results.
- Construct precise sequences using formal 'upon doing' structures.
- Express final outcomes that follow long, arduous processes.
- Identify the specific conditions that dictate future results.
O que você vai aprender
Hey there! We've hit a super important section that's going to elevate your conversations to the next level. In this chapter, we're going to dive deep into exactly how to talk about the sequence of events, the final outcomes of long processes, and how a certain event led to a specific result. You won't just be saying
first this, then thatanymore. Instead, you'll learn how to express "Only after I've definitely completed this preparation, then I'll move on to that other thing" using the structure
~ta ue de.
Imagine you're planning a trip to Japan. You want to say, You can only buy a plane ticket after reserving the hotel,or
So-and-so went to Japan once and never came back!That's where
~kiri comes in. Or perhaps, after countless hours and sleepless nights studying for an exam, what was the final result? If the outcome wasn't great, ageku comes to your rescue to express, After all that effort, it ended up being for nothing!But if it was the culmination of a long process,
sue ni is your go-to. And of course, when you want to say, Everything depends on the weather,you'll master
~shidai da.
After this chapter, you'll be able to tell stories where you precisely specify when, what happened, and why that event occurred. You'll be able to differentiate between a regular outcome and one that came after significant effort. Your speaking will sound much more natural and native-like, because it's these subtle nuances that strengthen your conversations. Ready to jump in?
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Sequência Formal: Mediante/Após fazer X (~ta ue de)Use V-ta + 上で to state that you will do an action only after a necessary preparation step is complete.
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Gramática Japonesa: ~kiri (Desde... e nada mais)Você vai usar o
forma-ta + きりpara descrever uma ação que aconteceu uma vez e, depois disso, nada mais mudou ou aconteceu como esperado. É o famosoparou por ali. Use as marcas:ação única,sem continuação,expectativa quebrada. -
Gramática Japonesa: Sue ni (No final de...)Use
末に(sue ni) to emphasize that a final result came from a long, difficult, or intense process. -
Japonês '~ageku': Quando tudo corre mal após muito esforçoO
あげくé a ferramenta perfeita para narrar processos longos que terminam em frustração. Pense nele como os selos deesforço desperdiçado
,resultado negativoedecepção. -
Gramática Japonesa: Depende de... (~次第だ / shidai da)Use
~次第だpara identificar o fator principal que decide o resultado final. É como dizer que o desfecho estánas mãos de
algo ou alguém.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Explain a series of complex actions leading to a final outcome using appropriate grammar for positive or negative results.
Guia do capítulo
Overview
first X, then Yconstructions, you'll learn sophisticated ways to express complex relationships between actions and their outcomes.
or After all that effort, the result was unfortunately X." We’ll explore how to convey that an action led to a specific, sometimes unexpected, final result, and how certain outcomes are contingent upon particular conditions. These structures are frequently encountered in both spoken and written Japanese grammar, making them indispensable for anyone aiming for an advanced level of comprehension and expression.How This Grammar Works
upon doing X or after thoroughly doing X, then Y.This structure emphasizes that the first action must be completely and carefully finished before the second action can begin. It often implies a formal or deliberate process.
詳しい説明を読んだ上で、ご判断ください。(Kuwashii setsumei o yonda ue de, gohandan kudasai.) - Please make your decision after reading the detailed explanation.
since X happened, nothing else has occurred,implying a lack of change or continuation of a state. It can also mean
only X, highlighting exclusivity.at the end of (a long process), finally X.This pattern is used to describe a final outcome that results from a prolonged effort, discussion, or period of time. The outcome can be positive, negative, or neutral, but it always implies a culmination.
長年の研究の末に、新しい治療法が発見された。(Naganen no kenkyuu no sue ni, atarashii chiryouhou ga hakken sareta.) - After many years of research, a new treatment method was discovered.
after much effort/trouble, X happened,but it *always* implies a negative, disappointing, or regrettable outcome. It's perfect for expressing exasperation or bad results despite significant investment.
散々悩んだ挙句、結局何もしなかった。(Sanzan nayanda ageku, kekkyoku nani mo shinakatta.) - After agonizing over it for ages, I ended up doing nothing.
it depends on Xor
the outcome is determined by X.This expression is used to state that a particular result or decision is contingent upon a certain factor.
成功するかどうかは、あなたの努力次第だ。(Seikou suru ka dou ka wa, anata no doryoku shidai da.) - Whether you succeed or not depends on your effort.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: «会議の後に、決定しました。» (Kaigi no ato ni, kettei shimashita.) - After the meeting, we decided.
after, ~ta ue de implies that the meeting's discussions were thoroughly completed and considered *before* making the decision, adding a layer of deliberation and formality.- 1✗ Wrong: «彼は日本へ行った後、連絡がない。» (Kare wa Nihon e itta ato, renraku ga nai.) - He went to Japan, and after that, there's no contact.
- 1✗ Wrong: «たくさん勉強した後、試験に落ちた。» (Takusan benkyou shita ato, shiken ni ochita.) - After studying a lot, I failed the exam.
Real Conversations
A
(First, please ask questions after you've read all the materials thoroughly.)
B
(Understood. I won't just skim through it; I'll read it carefully.)
A
(After long negotiations, the contract was finally concluded, wasn't it?)
B
(Yes, but in the end, the cost doubled from the original... After all that effort, to think this is the result makes me feel complicated.)
A
(Whether tomorrow's event can be held depends on the weather.)
B
(That's right. I hope this rain stops and stays stopped, and it becomes sunny.)
Quick FAQ
How does ~ta ue de differ from simply using ~te kara in Japanese grammar?
~ta ue de implies a more deliberate, thorough completion of the first action as a prerequisite for the second, often in formal contexts, whereas ~te kara simply means after without that added nuance of careful consideration.
Can ~kiri be used to describe a one-time event that happened and then nothing else occurred?
Yes, absolutely. For example, 「彼は一度きりしか日本に来なかった」(Kare wa ichido kiri shika Nihon ni konakatta) means
He only came to Japan once.
What's a good way to remember the difference between ~sue ni and ~ageku for B2 Japanese?
Think of ~sue ni as
after a long road, finally X (neutral/positive outcome)and ~ageku as
after a long struggle, sadly X (negative outcome).
Cultural Context
Exemplos-chave (6)
Tantousha to soudan shita ue de, gorenraku shimasu.
I will contact you upon consulting with the person in charge.
Sequência Formal: Mediante/Após fazer X (~ta ue de)Riyou kiyaku o oyomi ni natta ue de, touroku botan o oshite kudasai.
Please press the register button upon reading the terms of use.
Sequência Formal: Mediante/Após fazer X (~ta ue de)Sanzan mayotta sue ni, kekkyoku nani mo kawanakatta.
After hesitating endlessly, I ended up buying nothing.
Gramática Japonesa: Sue ni (No final de...)San-jikan no giron no sue ni, yōyaku resutoran ga kimatta.
After three hours of discussion, we finally decided on a restaurant.
Gramática Japonesa: Sue ni (No final de...)Sanzan mayotta ageku, kekkyoku nani mo kawanakatta.
Depois de hesitar tanto, acabei não comprando nada.
Japonês '~ageku': Quando tudo corre mal após muito esforçoSanjikan mo naranda ageku, urikire da to iwanareta.
Depois de ficar três horas na fila, me disseram que estava esgotado.
Japonês '~ageku': Quando tudo corre mal após muito esforçoDicas e truques (4)
Use for professional settings
Use っきり para dar ênfase
きり por っきり te faz soar muito mais natural e adiciona uma carga emocional. É perfeito para contar fofocas ou histórias dramáticas: «彼はトイレに行ったっきり、戻ってこないんだよ。»Focus on the process
Cuidado com a positividade
Vocabulário-chave (5)
Real-World Preview
The Big Project Decision
Review Summary
- Verb-ta + ue de
- Verb-ta + kiri
- Noun + no / Verb-ta + sue ni
- Noun + no / Verb-ta + ageku
- Noun + shidai da
Erros comuns
You must use the Ta-form (past) before 'ue de' because the first action must be finished.
'Ageku' is exclusively for negative outcomes. Do not use it for success.
'Shidai' requires a noun indicating a condition, not just the subject itself.
Regras neste capítulo (5)
Next Steps
You've conquered Chapter 4! Your ability to weave complex narratives is truly impressive. Keep building on this momentum.
Listen to a Japanese podcast and identify the narrative sequence.
Prática rápida (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
{口論|こうろん}あげく、{警察|けいさつ}が{来|き}た。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Japonês '~ageku': Quando tudo corre mal após muito esforço
Find and fix the mistake:
結果は、あなたの能力の次第です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Gramática Japonesa: Depende de... (~次第だ / shidai da)
Escolha a frase que usa あげく corretamente:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Japonês '~ageku': Quando tudo corre mal após muito esforço
Find and fix the mistake:
会議末に、決定した。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Gramática Japonesa: Sue ni (No final de...)
Which is more formal?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sequência Formal: Mediante/Após fazer X (~ta ue de)
長い___の末に、成功した。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Gramática Japonesa: Sue ni (No final de...)
調査___上で、報告します。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sequência Formal: Mediante/Após fazer X (~ta ue de)
彼は海外に＿＿＿＿きり、日本に帰ってこない。
きり deve ser precedido pelo passado (forma-ta) do verbo. 「行った」 é o passado correto de 「行く」.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Gramática Japonesa: ~kiri (Desde... e nada mais)
{悩|なや}んだ（ ）、{結局|けっきょく}どれも{買|か}わなかった。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Japonês '~ageku': Quando tudo corre mal após muito esforço
Escolha a opção correta.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Gramática Japonesa: ~kiri (Desde... e nada mais)
Score: /10
Perguntas comuns (6)
forma-ta) para mostrar que aquela ação foi a última e não teve o desdobramento esperado. Por exemplo: «{食べた|たべた}きり» significa 'comi e só'.forma-ta) + きり. Por exemplo, «{食べる|たべる}» vira «{食べた|たべた}きり». Veja: «{彼|かれ}はそれを{食べた|たべた}きり、{何も|なにも}{言わなかった|いわなかった}。» (Ele comeu aquilo e não disse nada depois).
