Rules, Obligations, and Opinions
Chapter in 30 Seconds
Navigate Korean social rules and express your thoughts with polite, natural nuance.
- Ask for permission and state rules politely.
- Express personal and social obligations clearly.
- Share your soft opinions and describe how things change.
O que você vai aprender
You've mastered the Korean basics – fantastic! Now, let's level up your fluency and confidence so you can speak more like a native. This chapter is all about navigating social interactions and expressing yourself with nuance. Imagine you're in a Korean café and want to politely ask a friend if you can borrow their book, or you need to say, May I go? You'll learn the perfect way with «-아/어/여도 되다». Then, we'll dive into must-nots and prohibitions. Want to explain a rule like "You can't take photos here,
or firmly advise someoneYou shouldn't do that«? »-(으)면 안 되다" is your go-to. Next, you'll master how to express necessity – the
musts and have-tos of daily life. Whether you need to say I have to go to workor
It must be done,«-아야/어야 하다/되다» will make your Korean sound natural and authentic. We’ll also cover how to describe changes, like saying
the weather is getting coldor "I'm getting tired
using ~아/어/여지다. Finally, for those moments when you want to share an opinion or make a soft guess – likeIt seems like it's going to rain
or I think this book is interesting" – you'll learn «-(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다» to sound incredibly natural and polite. These five grammar patterns are interconnected tools that will empower you to express permissions, rules, obligations, changes, and soft opinions with precision and grace in any modern Korean conversation. Ready to speak Korean with true confidence? Let's go!
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Pedir permissão: Posso? (-아/어/여도 되다)Use «-아/어/여도 되다» para navegar em situações sociais e pedir permissão de um jeito super natural e educado.
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Proibições: Como dizer "Você não deve" (-(으)면 안 되다)Use a estrutura «-(으)면 안 되다» para falar sobre regras, proibições ou dar conselhos fortes sobre o que
não pode. -
Ter que & Dever: Expressando Necessidade (-아야/어야 하다/되다)Domine o uso de «-아야/어야 하다/되다» para expressar obrigações e regras essenciais de um jeito super natural e moderno.
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Mudança de Estado (Ficar/Tornar-se)Adicione «~아/어/여지다» a um adjetivo para descrever uma mudança de estado, como «추워지다» (esfriar) ou «예뻐지다» (ficar bonito).
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Expressando suposições e opiniões: 'Parece que' (-(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다)Use o «것 같다» para dar opiniões suaves, fazer suposições ou parecer mais educado e menos direto.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Ask for permission in various social settings using -아/어/여도 되다.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Identify and explain prohibitions or rules using -(으)면 안 되다.
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3
By the end you will be able to: Express necessity and personal duties using -아야/어야 하다.
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4
By the end you will be able to: Describe transitions in state or weather using -아/어/여지다.
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5
By the end you will be able to: Soften your opinions and make polite guesses using -(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다.
Guia do capítulo
Overview
No photos allowed, or share a soft guess about the weather. These skills are crucial for practical communication in any Korean-speaking environment.How This Grammar Works
must not be done, we use -(으)면 안 되다. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, use -으면 안 되다; if it ends in a vowel, use -면 안 되다.must or have to, the pattern is -아야/어야 하다/되다. Similar to permission, -아야 하다/되다 is for ㅏ/ㅗ, -어야 하다/되다 for others, and -여야 하다/되다 for 하다 verbs.to become something, we use -아/어/여지다. This is applied to adjective or verb stems, as in 날씨가 따뜻해졌어요. (The weather became warm.).Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: «여기 사진 찍으면 안 돼요.» (You must not take pictures here.)
- 1✗ Wrong: «저는 피곤해졌어요.» (I became tired.)
to be tired (피곤하다), the -아/어/여지다 form is perfectly fine and often used, but ensure correct conjugation. A common mistake is misapplying the vowel combination (e.g., 피곤하아지다 instead of 피곤해지다).- 1✗ Wrong: «제가 가야 돼요?» (I have to go?)
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
What's the difference between -아야 해요 and -아야 돼요 when expressing necessity?
Both mean have to or must. -아야 해요 is slightly more common and often implies a personal obligation, while -아야 돼요 can sometimes suggest an external or general necessity, but in many contexts, they are interchangeable.
Can -(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다 be used with past tense?
Yes! For verbs, use -은/는 것 같다 for present (e.g., 비가 오는 것 같아요 - It seems like it's raining) and -았던/었던 것 같다 for past (e.g., 비가 왔던 것 같아요 - It seems like it rained). For adjectives, use -았던/었던 것 같다 for past (e.g., 날씨가 추웠던 것 같아요 - It seems like the weather was cold).
How do I make a polite request using -아/어/여도 되다?
Simply add -요 to 되다 to make it -아/어/여도 돼요? for a standard polite question. For even more politeness, you can use -아/어/여도 괜찮아요? (Is it okay if I...?)
Are there informal ways to say you must not in Korean?
Yes, you can drop the -요 ending for casual situations with friends: -(으)면 안 돼. For example, 만지면 안 돼. (Don't touch it.).
Cultural Context
Exemplos-chave (8)
전 남자친구한테 연락하면 안 돼!
Você não deveria ligar para o seu ex-namorado!
Proibições: Como dizer "Você não deve" (-(으)면 안 되다)I have to wake up early tomorrow.
Tenho que acordar cedo amanhã.
Ter que & Dever: Expressando Necessidade (-아야/어야 하다/되다)You must set a password of 8 characters or more.
Você deve definir uma senha de 8 caracteres ou mais.
Ter que & Dever: Expressando Necessidade (-아야/어야 하다/되다)Your Korean pronunciation has become really good!
Sua pronúncia de coreano ficou muito boa!
Mudança de Estado (Ficar/Tornar-se)Dicas e truques (4)
Troque por 괜찮다
O truque do 하/해
Alerta de Ortografia!
Combine com o passado
Vocabulário-chave (7)
Real-World Preview
At a Korean Art Museum
Review Summary
- Verb Root + -아/어/여도 되다
- Verb Root + -(으)면 안 되다
- Verb Root + -아야/어야 하다/되다
- Adjective Root + -아/어/여지다
- Verb/Adj + -(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다
Erros comuns
Confusing -면 (if) with -도 (also/even). To ask permission, you must use -도 되다 (Even if I go, is it okay?).
For change of state, you must conjugate the adjective to the -아/어 form before adding -지다. Don't just attach it to the root.
Using the verb ending -는 for adjectives. Adjectives use -(으)ㄴ 것 같다, while verbs use -는 것 같다 in the present tense.
Regras neste capítulo (5)
Next Steps
You've just unlocked the ability to have real, nuanced conversations. Your Korean is starting to sound much more sophisticated and respectful. Keep practicing these social tools!
Write 3 rules for your favorite hobby in Korean.
Look out the window and describe 3 things that are changing (weather, light, etc.) using -아/어지다.
Prática rápida (10)
친구가 곧 ___ 것 같아요. (Parece que meu amigo virá logo.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressando suposições e opiniões: 'Parece que' (-(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다)
Find and fix the mistake:
한국에 가면 김치를 먹어야 해요? (Corrija para: 'Você não precisa comer...')
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter que & Dever: Expressando Necessidade (-아야/어야 하다/되다)
Escolha a forma correta de dizer 'Parece caro':
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressando suposições e opiniões: 'Parece que' (-(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다)
여기 앉아도 되요?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pedir permissão: Posso? (-아/어/여도 되다)
매운 음식을 먹면 안 돼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Proibições: Como dizer "Você não deve" (-(으)면 안 되다)
휴대폰을 ___ 돼요? (사용하다)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pedir permissão: Posso? (-아/어/여도 되다)
Escolha a frase correta:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter que & Dever: Expressando Necessidade (-아야/어야 하다/되다)
Find and fix the mistake:
지수가 지금 공부한 것 같아요. (Acho que a Jisoo está estudando agora.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressando suposições e opiniões: 'Parece que' (-(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다)
시험이 내일이라서 오늘 밤에 ___. (Tenho que estudar hoje à noite porque a prova é amanhã.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter que & Dever: Expressando Necessidade (-아야/어야 하다/되다)
Selecione a tradução correta:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mudança de Estado (Ficar/Tornar-se)
Score: /10