أتمّ
أتمّ 30秒了解
- Atamma means to complete or finalize a task thoroughly.
- It is a formal Form IV verb used in academic and legal contexts.
- The past tense 'Atmamtu' involves breaking the shadda.
- It carries a sense of perfection and wholeness.
The Arabic verb أتمّ (atamma) is a foundational term in the lexicon of completion and perfection. Rooted in the triliteral root T-M-M (ت-م-م), it belongs to Form IV (Af'ala), which typically carries a causative or intensive meaning. While many verbs in Arabic denote 'finishing' or 'ending,' أتمّ specifically conveys the act of bringing something to its absolute conclusion, ensuring that no part is left unfinished or lacking. It is the process of making something 'taamm' (complete/perfect). In a linguistic sense, it moves beyond the mere cessation of an activity to the fulfillment of a purpose or a requirement.
- Etymological Essence
- The root T-M-M relates to wholeness. When you 'atamma' a task, you are not just stopping; you are providing the final piece of the puzzle. This is why the word is often used in religious and legal contexts where 'wholeness' is a prerequisite for validity.
اليوم أتممتُ لكم دينكم.
Today I have perfected for you your religion.
In modern contexts, you will encounter this verb in academic settings (completing a degree), administrative settings (finalizing a contract), and daily life (finishing a meal or a conversation). It implies a sense of responsibility and achievement. Unlike 'anha' (أنهى), which can simply mean 'to end' (like ending a meeting), أتمّ suggests that the meeting reached its intended goals and all items on the agenda were addressed.
- Grammatical Structure
- It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object (Maf'ul Bihi). You complete *something*. The object usually takes the Fatha (accusative case).
أتمّ البناءُ المشروعَ في الوقت المحدد.
The builder completed the project on time.
Furthermore, the verb is often associated with the concept of 'Itmam' (إتمام), the verbal noun (Masdar). This noun is frequently used in business and law, such as 'Itmam al-safqa' (completion of the deal). Understanding this word requires recognizing the cultural weight of 'perfection' in the Arab world, where finishing a task is often seen as a reflection of one's character and integrity.
يجب أن تتمّ القراءة قبل الامتحان.
You must complete the reading before the exam.
- Synonym Nuance
- While 'akmala' (أكمل) is a close synonym, 'atamma' is often preferred when the completion is structural or essential, whereas 'akmala' might refer to adding what is missing to something already existing.
أتمّ صلاته بخشوع.
He completed his prayer with humility.
هل أتممتَ كتابة الرسالة؟
Have you finished writing the letter?
Using أتمّ correctly involves understanding its conjugation as a geminate verb (a verb where the second and third root letters are the same). In the past tense, the shadda (doubling) on the 'meem' is maintained unless it is followed by a consonant-starting suffix, in which case the letters split. For example, 'I completed' is Atmamtu (أتممتُ), not Atammtu. This is a common point of confusion for learners.
- Conjugation Patterns
- Past: أتمّ (He completed), أتممتُ (I completed). Present: يتمّ (He completes), أتمّ (I complete - note the hamza). Imperative: أتمِم (Complete!).
أرجو أن تتمّ العمل قبل الغد.
I hope you complete the work before tomorrow.
In formal writing, أتمّ is frequently used in the passive voice (أُتِمَّ - utimma) to indicate that something has been finalized without specifying the actor. For instance, 'The agreement was finalized' (أُتِمَّ الاتفاق). This is very common in news headlines and legal documents. When using it in the active voice, ensure the subject is clearly defined, as the verb carries a strong sense of agency.
- Common Objects
- Typical objects for this verb include: studies (الدراسة), project (المشروع), agreement (الاتفاق), prayer (الصلاة), and age (العمر - e.g., 'He completed twenty years').
أتمّت الشركةُ صفقةَ الاستحواذ.
The company finalized the acquisition deal.
One of the most elegant uses of أتمّ is in the context of personal growth or education. To 'atamma' a book means to read it from cover to cover with understanding. To 'atamma' a course means to fulfill all requirements, including the final exam. It is a verb of 'closing the circle.'
بعد أن أتمّ دراسته، سافر إلى الخارج.
After he completed his studies, he traveled abroad.
- Prepositional Usage
- While usually transitive, it can be used with 'على' (ala) in certain contexts to mean 'to complete something for someone' or 'to bestow a favor completely upon someone.'
أتمّ اللهُ عليه نعمته.
God completed His favor upon him.
لم يتمّ اللاعبُ المباراةَ بسبب الإصابة.
The player did not complete the match due to injury.
The verb أتمّ resonates through various strata of Arabic society, from the most sacred texts to the most mundane bureaucratic procedures. In the religious sphere, it is a key term in the Quran, describing the perfection of divine law and the completion of religious obligations. When a Muslim finishes the fast of Ramadan, the concept of 'completing the period' (li-tukmilu al-idda) is closely related to the semantic field of أتمّ.
- News and Media
- In news broadcasts (Al Jazeera, BBC Arabic), you will hear: 'أتمّت القوات انسحابها' (The forces completed their withdrawal) or 'أتمّت اللجنة تقريرها' (The committee finalized its report).
أتمّت البعثةُ الدبلوماسيةُ مهامها في العاصمة.
The diplomatic mission completed its tasks in the capital.
In the corporate world, أتمّ is the standard verb for 'closing' or 'finalizing.' During a business meeting, someone might ask, 'متى سيتم إتمام هذا المشروع؟' (When will the completion of this project take place?). It carries a weight of finality that 'finishing' lacks. It implies that all legal, financial, and logistical boxes have been checked.
- Academic Environment
- University registrars and professors use it constantly: 'هل أتممتَ الساعات المعتمدة؟' (Have you completed the credit hours?). It is the formal way to talk about graduation requirements.
يجب إتمام التسجيل قبل نهاية الأسبوع.
Registration must be completed before the end of the week.
In literature and poetry, أتمّ is used to describe the completion of a life's journey or the perfection of a beloved's beauty. A poet might say 'أتمّ البدرُ ضياءه' (The full moon completed its light), using the verb to evoke a sense of celestial wholeness and aesthetic perfection.
سأقوم بـ إتمام المهمة مهما كانت الصعوبات.
I will complete the mission regardless of the difficulties.
- Legal Documents
- Contracts often state: 'يتم إتمام هذا العقد عند التوقيع' (This contract is finalized upon signing). Here, it defines the moment of legal validity.
هل أتممتَ ملء الاستمارة؟
Have you finished filling out the form?
لقد أتمّ الكاتبُ روايته الأخيرة.
The author has completed his latest novel.
One of the most frequent errors for non-native speakers is the incorrect conjugation of the past tense. Because أتمّ is a geminate verb (the root is T-M-M), the shadda must 'break' when certain suffixes are added. Many students mistakenly say 'Atammtu' instead of the correct أتممتُ (Atmamtu). Remembering to insert that extra 'meem' is crucial for grammatical accuracy.
- The 'Anha' vs. 'Atamma' Confusion
- Learners often use 'anha' (أنهى) for everything. While 'anha' means 'to end,' 'atamma' means 'to complete.' You 'anha' a phone call, but you 'atamma' a degree. Using 'anha' for a degree sounds like you just stopped going, whereas 'atamma' sounds like you graduated.
Wrong: أتممتُ من العمل.
Right: أتممتُ العملَ.
Another mistake is using the preposition 'min' (from) after the verb. In English, we might say 'I am finished with the work,' but in Arabic, أتمّ is directly transitive. You complete the work (Atmamtu al-amal), you don't complete *from* the work. Adding 'min' changes the meaning or makes the sentence ungrammatical.
- Spelling Errors
- In the present tense, 'I complete' is 'Utimmu' (أُتِمُّ). Students often forget the initial hamza or the shadda on the meem, writing it as 'atim' or 'utimu'. The shadda is vital for the pronunciation and meaning.
Wrong: هو أتمّ الدراسات.
Right: هو أتمّ الدراسةَ.
Confusion with 'Kammala' (كمّل) is also common. 'Kammala' is Form II and often implies 'to supplement' or 'to continue something started by another.' أتمّ is more holistic. If you are filling a glass that is half full, you might 'kammala' it. If you are performing a ritual from start to finish, you 'atamma' it.
لا تنسَ أن تتمّ الإجراءات القانونية.
Don't forget to complete the legal procedures.
- Misusing the Passive
- Learners often say 'Tamma al-amal' (The work was done) when they mean 'I finished the work.' While 'Tamma' is common, 'Atmamtu' is more precise when you are the one who did it.
هل أتممتِ واجباتكِ يا مريم؟
Did you complete your duties, Maryam?
لقد أتمّوا بناء الجسر في عامين.
They completed the bridge construction in two years.
Arabic is rich with verbs of completion, each with a specific nuance. Understanding the difference between أتمّ and its cousins will elevate your fluency from basic to advanced. The most common similar words are أكمل, أنهى, أنجز, and فرغ. While they all translate roughly to 'finish' or 'complete,' their usage depends on the context of the action.
- Atamma (أتمّ) vs. Akmala (أكمل)
- 'Atamma' implies reaching a state of perfection or total wholeness. 'Akmala' often refers to adding the remaining parts to something. For example, 'Atamma al-din' (perfected the religion) vs. 'Akmala al-safha' (completed the page).
أتمّ الحجَّ بكل أركانه.
He completed the Hajj with all its pillars.
Then there is أنهى (Anha), which is the most general term for 'to end.' It doesn't necessarily imply that the task was done well or completely, just that it has stopped. You 'anha' a relationship or 'anha' a conversation. In contrast, أنجز (Anjaza) means 'to achieve' or 'to accomplish,' focusing on the success of the completion rather than the wholeness of the object.
- Faragha (فرغ من)
- This verb specifically means 'to become free from' or 'to finish doing' something. It focuses on the subject's state after finishing. 'Faraghtu min al-akl' means 'I am done eating' (I am now free from the act of eating).
أتمّ الرسامُ لوحته الفنية.
The painter completed his artistic masterpiece.
In a formal or legal context, you might also see استكمل (Istakmala), which means 'to seek completion' or 'to carry out the remaining parts of a process.' It is often used for administrative procedures that were paused and then resumed.
هل أتممتَ قراءة الكتاب؟
Did you finish reading the book?
- Summary Table
-
Verb Nuance أتمّ Perfection/Wholeness أكمل Adding missing parts أنهى General ending أنجز Achievement/Success
أتمّ المديرُ توزيع المهام.
The manager completed the distribution of tasks.
لقد أتممتُ عشرين سنة من عمري.
I have completed twenty years of my life.
How Formal Is It?
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
Geminate verb conjugation
Form IV causative meaning
Transitive verbs and the accusative case
Verbal nouns (Masdar) usage
Passive voice formation for Form IV
按水平分级的例句
أتممتُ الواجبَ.
I completed the homework.
Past tense, 1st person singular.
أتمّ الولدُ الرسمةَ.
The boy completed the drawing.
Past tense, 3rd person masculine.
هل أتممتَ الأكلَ؟
Did you finish the food?
Question in the past tense.
أتمّت البنتُ القصةَ.
The girl completed the story.
Past tense, 3rd person feminine.
أتمِم الجملةَ من فضلك.
Complete the sentence, please.
Imperative mood.
نحن أتممنا اللعبةَ.
We completed the game.
Past tense, 1st person plural.
أتمّ أخي عامه الخامس.
My brother completed his fifth year.
Used for age.
أتمّت الأمُّ تنظيفَ البيت.
The mother completed cleaning the house.
Subject-verb agreement.
يجب أن أتمّ عملي اليوم.
I must complete my work today.
Present tense with 'an'.
متى يتمّ الطالبُ دراسته؟
When does the student complete his studies?
Interrogative present tense.
أتممتُ قراءةَ هذا الكتاب.
I completed reading this book.
Verbal noun as object.
أتمّت الشركةُ بناءَ المدرسة.
The company completed the school construction.
Formal context.
سوف أتمّ المهمةَ غداً.
I will complete the mission tomorrow.
Future tense with 'sawfa'.
هل أتممتِ ملءَ البيانات؟
Did you (f) finish filling the data?
2nd person feminine singular.
أتمّ الفريقُ تدريبه الصباحي.
The team completed its morning training.
Collective noun subject.
أتمّ جدي ثمانين عاماً.
My grandfather completed eighty years.
Age expression.
أتمّ الباحثُ كتابةَ الأطروحة.
The researcher completed writing the thesis.
Academic context.
يتمّ إتمامُ الصفقةِ في البنك.
The deal is being finalized in the bank.
Passive-like structure with 'itmam'.
أتمّ المسلمون صيامَ شهرِ رمضان.
The Muslims completed the fasting of the month of Ramadan.
Religious context.
هل أتممتَ كافةَ الإجراءاتِ القانونية؟
Have you completed all the legal procedures?
Formal vocabulary.
أتمّت الحكومةُ مشروعَ الطرقِ الجديد.
The government completed the new roads project.
Public sector context.
بعد أن أتمّ صلاته، دعا اللهَ.
After he completed his prayer, he supplicated to God.
Sequential actions.
أتمّت الممثلةُ تصويرَ الفيلم.
The actress completed filming the movie.
Media context.
يجب إتمامُ العملِ بدقةٍ وإتقان.
The work must be completed with precision and mastery.
Masdar as subject.
أُتِمَّ الاتفاقُ بين الطرفينِ بنجاح.
The agreement between the two parties was successfully finalized.
Passive voice (Utimma).
أتمّ المديرُ توزيعَ المهامِ على الموظفين.
The manager completed the distribution of tasks to the employees.
Management context.
يسعى الطالبُ لإتمامِ دراسته العليا.
The student seeks to complete his higher studies.
Prepositional phrase with 'li-'.
أتمّت اللجنةُ مراجعةَ الميزانيةِ السنوية.
The committee completed the review of the annual budget.
Corporate context.
لم يتمّ اللاعبُ المباراةَ بسببِ الإصابة.
The player did not complete the match due to injury.
Negative present tense (Jussive).
أتمّ الكاتبُ روايته بعد سنواتٍ من العمل.
The author completed his novel after years of work.
Narrative context.
أتمّت السفينةُ رحلتها عبر المحيط.
The ship completed its journey across the ocean.
Travel context.
أتمّ اللهُ نعمته على المؤمنين.
God completed His favor upon the believers.
Theological usage.
أتمّت الدولةُ صياغةَ الدستورِ الجديدِ.
The state finalized the drafting of the new constitution.
Political terminology.
يتمّ إتمامُ المراسمِ في القصرِ الملكيِّ.
The ceremonies are being completed in the royal palace.
High-register context.
أتمّ الفيلسوفُ نظريته حول الوجود.
The philosopher completed his theory on existence.
Abstract context.
لقد أتمّت التكنولوجيا ثورةً في عالمِ الاتصالات.
Technology has completed a revolution in the world of communications.
Metaphorical usage.
أتمّ القائدُ خطته العسكريةَ للهجوم.
The commander finalized his military plan for the attack.
Military context.
يجب أن يتمّ إتمامُ المشروعِ وفقاً للمعاييرِ الدولية.
The project must be completed according to international standards.
Technical requirements.
أتمّ الشاعرُ قصيدته ببيتٍ بليغٍ.
The poet completed his poem with an eloquent verse.
Literary context.
أتمّت المحكمةُ النظرَ في القضيةِ الشائكة.
The court completed the consideration of the thorny case.
Legal context.
أتمّت الحضارةُ الإسلاميةُ صرحاً علمياً شامخاً.
Islamic civilization completed a towering scientific edifice.
Historical/Grandiloquent.
يتمحورُ الكتابُ حول كيفيةِ إتمامِ الذاتِ الإنسانية.
The book centers on how to complete the human self.
Philosophical/Psychological.
أتمّت المفاوضاتُ ماراثوناً طويلاً من المباحثات.
The negotiations completed a long marathon of talks.
Journalistic metaphor.
أتمّ الكونُ دورته الفلكيةَ بدقةٍ متناهية.
The universe completed its astronomical cycle with utmost precision.
Scientific/Poetic.
أتمّت الرؤيةُ الوطنيةُ أهدافها الاستراتيجيةَ الكبرى.
The national vision completed its major strategic goals.
Policy/Governance.
لا يكتملُ الإيمانُ إلا بإتمامِ مكارمِ الأخلاق.
Faith is not complete except by perfecting noble morals.
Theological/Ethical.
أتمّت الأوركسترا السيمفونيةَ بأداءٍ مذهلٍ.
The orchestra completed the symphony with a stunning performance.
Artistic context.
أتمّت العمليةُ الجراحيةُ المعقدةُ بنجاحٍ باهرٍ.
The complex surgical operation was completed with brilliant success.
Medical context.
常见搭配
常用短语
容易混淆的词
Anha is just to end; Atamma is to complete perfectly.
Akmala is often to supplement or add parts.
Tamma is 'to be completed' (intransitive).
习语与表达
容易混淆
句型
如何使用
Implies a higher degree of completion than 'Anha'.
High. Suitable for all formal writing.
- Saying 'Atammtu' instead of 'Atmamtu'.
- Using 'min' (from) after the verb.
- Confusing 'Atamma' (transitive) with 'Tamma' (intransitive).
- Using 'Atamma' for 'ending' a meeting (Anha is better).
- Forgetting the initial hamza in the present tense 'Utimmu'.
小贴士
Past Tense Rule
When conjugating in the past tense for 'I', 'you', or 'we', split the doubled 'm' and write it twice: أتممتُ.
Formal Writing
Always prefer 'Atamma' over 'Khallas' in essays and formal letters.
Shadda Importance
The shadda on the 'm' is what distinguishes Form IV from other forms. Make it clear.
Age Milestones
Use 'Atamma' to sound more elegant when describing someone reaching a certain age.
Direct Object
Don't use 'min' after Atamma. It takes a direct object.
Legal Tone
In contracts, use 'Itmam' to refer to the finalization of the agreement.
Quranic Connection
Look for this verb in the Quran to see how it relates to divine perfection.
Atamma vs Anjaza
Use 'Anjaza' for achievements and 'Atamma' for finishing a structural task.
Root Recognition
Recognizing the T-M-M root will help you understand words like 'Tamam' (Okay/Complete).
Best Possible Way
Memorize the phrase 'Ala atammi wajh' to describe doing something perfectly.
记住它
词源
Semitic root T-M-M meaning 'to be whole' or 'complete'.
文化背景
Used to describe reaching adulthood or completing education.
Frequently used in the Quran regarding the perfection of religion and favors.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"هل أتممتَ قراءة الكتاب الذي أعرتك إياه؟"
"متى ستتمّ مشروعك الجديد؟"
"كيف أتممتَ كل هذا العمل في وقت قصير؟"
"هل أتممتِ كافة إجراءات السفر؟"
"أين ستتمّ دراستك الجامعية؟"
日记主题
اكتب عن مشروع أتممته وشعرت بالفخر به.
ما هي الأهداف التي تريد إتمامها هذا العام؟
صف شعورك عندما تتمّ عملاً صعباً.
هل تفضل إتمام المهام بسرعة أم بدقة؟ ولماذا؟
اكتب عن كتاب أتممت قراءته مؤخراً.
常见问题
10 个问题Atamma implies bringing something to a state of perfection or wholeness, while Akmala often means adding what is missing to make something complete.
You say 'Atmamtu' (أتممتُ). Note the two 'm's.
It is used, but mostly in formal or serious contexts. In casual speech, people often use 'khallast'.
No, 'Anha' is better for that. Atamma is for tasks and goals.
The Masdar is 'Itmam' (إتمام).
No, it is a geminate (doubled) verb because of the root T-M-M.
You use the Form I verb 'Tamma' (تمّ).
Yes, especially in religious and moral contexts.
The object takes the accusative case (Mansub), usually with a Fatha.
Yes, 'Utimma' (أُتِمَّ).
自我测试 200 个问题
Write 'I finished the homework' in Arabic.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write 'The boy finished the drawing' in Arabic.
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Write 'He completed his studies' in Arabic.
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Write 'The agreement was finalized' using the passive voice.
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Write a sentence about a researcher completing a thesis.
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Write 'Did you finish the food?' (masculine).
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Write 'I will finish the mission tomorrow.'
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Write 'The team finished its training.'
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Write 'God completed His favor upon him.'
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Write 'The state finalized the new constitution.'
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Write 'Complete the sentence.'
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Write 'She finished the story.'
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Write 'Upon completion of the work...'
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Write 'The author completed his novel.'
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Write 'The court completed the review of the case.'
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Write 'We finished the game.'
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Write 'My grandfather is eighty years old (completed 80).'
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Write 'He finished his prayer.'
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Write 'The manager finished distributing the tasks.'
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Write 'Technology completed a revolution.'
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Say 'I finished my homework' in Arabic.
Read this aloud:
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Say 'Did you finish the work?' to a friend.
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Explain what you completed today using 'Atamma'.
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Discuss a project you finalized recently.
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Talk about the importance of finalizing legal procedures.
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Say 'We finished the game.'
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Say 'I will finish it tomorrow.'
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Say 'He finished his studies last year.'
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Say 'The deal was finalized in the bank.'
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Say 'The committee finalized the report.'
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Say 'Complete the sentence, please.'
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Say 'She finished the story.'
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Say 'The team finished training.'
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Say 'The author finished his novel.'
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Say 'The state finalized the constitution.'
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Say 'I finished the food.'
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Say 'He is ten years old (completed 10).'
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Say 'He finished his prayer.'
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Say 'The ship finished its journey.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say 'Technology finished a revolution.'
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Listen to 'أتممتُ الواجب' and write it down.
Listen to 'أتمّ الولد الرسمة' and translate it.
Listen to 'أتمّ دراسته' and identify the verb tense.
Listen to 'أُتِمَّ الاتفاق' and identify if it's active or passive.
Listen to 'إتمام الإجراءات' and identify the Masdar.
Listen to 'هل أتممتَ الأكل؟' and answer 'Yes'.
Listen to 'أتمّت القصة' and identify the subject gender.
Listen to 'أتمّ الفريق تدريبه' and identify the object.
Listen to 'أتمّ الكاتب روايته' and translate.
Listen to 'أتمّت الدولة صياغة الدستور' and translate.
Listen to 'أتممنا اللعبة' and translate.
Listen to 'أتمّ عشر سنوات' and translate.
Listen to 'أتمّ صلاته' and translate.
Listen to 'أتمّ المدير توزيع المهام' and translate.
Listen to 'أتمّت التكنولوجيا ثورة' and translate.
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 'Atamma' (أتمّ) is your go-to word for formal completion. Use it when you want to emphasize that a task, project, or obligation has been finished to its required standard of perfection. Example: أتممتُ المشروع (I finalized the project).
- Atamma means to complete or finalize a task thoroughly.
- It is a formal Form IV verb used in academic and legal contexts.
- The past tense 'Atmamtu' involves breaking the shadda.
- It carries a sense of perfection and wholeness.
Past Tense Rule
When conjugating in the past tense for 'I', 'you', or 'we', split the doubled 'm' and write it twice: أتممتُ.
Formal Writing
Always prefer 'Atamma' over 'Khallas' in essays and formal letters.
Shadda Importance
The shadda on the 'm' is what distinguishes Form IV from other forms. Make it clear.
Age Milestones
Use 'Atamma' to sound more elegant when describing someone reaching a certain age.
例句
أتمت المشروع قبل الموعد النهائي.
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