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خاموش کردن

A1 verb #1,500 最常用 9分钟阅读

خاموش کردن

Q: Is there a single word for 'fire extinguisher'?

Yes, it's 'ātash-khāmush-kon' (آتشخاموشکن).

khamosh kardan 前1,500

At the A1 level, 'khāmush kardan' is a vital 'action verb' used for basic survival and daily routines. You will learn it primarily in the context of household items. It is used to tell someone to turn off the light (cheraagh), the television (televiziyon), or the radio (rādiyo). At this stage, you should focus on the imperative form 'khāmush kon' (informal) and 'khāmush konid' (formal). You will also learn it as part of a simple sentence structure: [Object] + rā + khāmush kardan. It is essential for being a polite guest or managing your own environment in a Persian-speaking home. You don't need to worry about complex tenses yet; just focus on the present and simple past.

At the A2 level, you expand the use of 'khāmush kardan' to more varied objects like the stove (gāz), the computer (kāmpiyuter), and the car (māshin). You will begin to use it in different tenses, such as the present continuous (dāram khāmush mi-konam) and the future (khāmush khāham kard). You will also learn the difference between 'khāmush kardan' (to turn off) and 'bastan' (to close), ensuring you don't use the wrong verb for lights. This level also introduces the passive form 'khāmush shodan' (to be turned off/to go out), which is useful for describing situations where things happen automatically or due to external factors like a power cut.

At the B1 level, you start using 'khāmush kardan' in more complex sentence structures, including conditional sentences (e.g., 'If you leave, turn off the lights'). You also begin to see its use in more professional or public settings, such as following instructions on an airplane or in a hospital. You will learn common collocations like 'khāmush kardan-e sho'le' (extinguishing the flame) and 'khāmush kardan-e mobile.' Your understanding of the word becomes more nuanced, as you recognize it in signs and formal announcements. You also start to encounter the word in simple news reports about fires or energy conservation.

At the B2 level, you explore the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'khāmush kardan.' You will understand how it can mean 'to silence' a rumor, 'to quell' a protest, or 'to suppress' an emotion. You will be able to discuss environmental issues like energy saving using this verb in more sophisticated ways. You'll also become familiar with more formal synonyms like 'foru-neshāndan' and understand when to use them instead of the more common 'khāmush kardan.' Your ability to use the verb in the subjunctive mood (e.g., 'I want you to turn off...') becomes more natural and fluid.

At the C1 level, you encounter 'khāmush kardan' in classical and modern Persian literature. You will see how poets use the concept of 'khāmushi' (silence/extinction) to describe spiritual states or the end of life. You will be able to analyze the stylistic choices of an author who chooses 'khāmush sāktan' over 'khāmush kardan.' You can use the verb in academic or political discussions to describe the 'extinguishing' of historical movements or the 'silencing' of intellectual discourse. Your usage reflects a deep understanding of the word's history and its various registers, from the street to the university.

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'khāmush kardan' is complete. You understand the most subtle nuances, such as its use in mystical philosophy where 'khāmushi' is a sought-after state of ego-loss. You can use the verb with total precision in any context, whether you are writing a technical manual about fire safety or a philosophical essay on the nature of silence. You are aware of rare, archaic forms and can distinguish between various regional dialects' use of the term. You can play with the word's multiple meanings to create puns or sophisticated metaphors in your own writing and speech.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

خاموش کردن 30秒了解

Khāmush kardan means to turn off or extinguish.
It is used for lights, electronics, and fires.
It is a compound verb using 'khāmush' and 'kardan'.
The opposite verb is 'rowshan kardan' (to turn on).

The Persian compound verb خاموش کردن (khāmush kardan) is a fundamental pillar of daily communication in the Persian-speaking world. At its most literal level, it translates to 'to make silent' or 'to make extinguished.' It is the primary way to express the action of turning off any electronic device, extinguishing a flame, or silencing a noise. Unlike English, which often distinguishes between 'turning off' a light and 'putting out' a fire, Persian uses this single, versatile verb for both contexts, making it an essential acquisition for any learner. Whether you are dealing with a flickering candle, a roaring television, or a high-tech smartphone, this is the verb you will reach for. It consists of the adjective 'khāmush' (silent/off) and the auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/make).

Physical Electronics: Used for lights, computers, mobile phones, and household appliances. It implies cutting the power or ending the operational state.

لطفاً قبل از خواب، همه چراغ‌ها را خاموش کنید.

Translation: Please turn off all the lights before sleeping.

Fire and Heat: Used for extinguishing cigarettes, candles, campfires, or even large-scale blazes. It suggests the removal of heat or flame.

آتش‌نشان‌ها موفق شدند آتش را خاموش کنند.

Translation: The firefighters succeeded in extinguishing the fire.

Beyond the physical, 'khāmush kardan' carries a metaphorical weight. It can be used to describe silencing a person, quelling a rebellion, or suppressing a feeling. In literature, it often refers to the 'extinguishing' of a life or the silencing of a voice. The beauty of the word lies in its root 'khāmush,' which shares a lineage with concepts of peace and stillness. When you turn off a machine, you are effectively returning it to a state of 'khāmush'—a state of quietude. This cultural nuance is important: turning things off isn't just a mechanical act; it's an act of creating silence.

Metaphorical Silence: Used when stopping someone from speaking or ending a noisy protest. It can sometimes sound quite forceful or authoritative.

او سعی کرد با فریاد، صدای مخالفان را خاموش کند.

Translation: He tried to silence the voices of the opponents with a shout.

Using خاموش کردن correctly requires an understanding of Persian compound verb conjugation. The word 'khāmush' remains static, while the verb 'kardan' (to do) changes to reflect tense, person, and number. This is one of the first compound verbs students learn because of its high frequency. In the present tense, 'kardan' becomes 'mi-kon-am', 'mi-kon-i', etc. In the past tense, it becomes 'kard-am', 'kard-i', and so on. Because it is a transitive verb, it almost always takes a direct object, which is usually followed by the postposition 'rā' (را) if the object is definite.

Present Continuous: Used for actions happening right now. Structure: [Object] + rā + khāmush + dāram mi-konam.

دارم تلویزیون را خاموش می‌کنم.

Translation: I am (in the process of) turning off the TV.

Imperative (Command): Essential for daily life. Structure: [Object] + rā + khāmush + kon (singular) / konid (plural/formal).

رادیو را خاموش کن!

Translation: Turn off the radio!

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers is trying to use 'off kardan' or 'bastam' (to close). While 'bastam' is used for closing a door or a book, it is never used for a light or a fire. If you say 'Cheraagh rā beband' (Close the light), a Persian speaker will understand you but it will sound very unnatural. Another nuance is the use of 'khāmush kardan' with vehicles. While you 'turn off' an engine in English, in Persian, you 'khāmush' the car (māshin). This implies stopping the engine entirely, not just parking.

Past Tense: Used for completed actions. Structure: [Object] + rā + khāmush + kardam.

او کامپیوترش را خاموش کرد و رفت.

Translation: He turned off his computer and left.

In formal writing, you might see the verb 'khāmush sāktan' (خاموش ساختن), which uses 'sāktan' (to make/build) instead of 'kardan.' This is very literary and should be avoided in daily conversation. Additionally, pay attention to the word order. In Persian, the verb usually comes at the end of the sentence. Therefore, 'khāmush kardan' will almost always be the final element of your thought.

In the bustling streets of Tehran or the quiet courtyards of Isfahan, خاموش کردن is everywhere. You will hear it most frequently in domestic settings. Parents constantly tell their children to 'khāmush kon' the lights to save electricity—a significant concern in many Iranian households. At the end of a movie in a cinema, or when entering a library or a mosque, you will see signs or hear announcements asking you to 'Mobile-e khod rā khāmush konid' (Turn off your mobile phone). It is a word associated with transitions: the transition from activity to rest, from noise to silence, and from light to darkness.

Public Announcements: Commonly heard on airplanes or in theaters regarding electronic devices.

مسافران عزیز، لطفاً گوشی‌های خود را خاموش کنید.

Translation: Dear passengers, please turn off your phones.

In the kitchen, this verb is indispensable. Persian cuisine often involves long simmering times (khoresh). You will hear: 'Under the pot (gas) khāmush kon' (Turn off the stove). It’s also heard in gas stations; signs will strictly command 'Motor rā khāmush konid' (Turn off the engine). In these contexts, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a safety instruction. The frequency of this word in safety contexts makes it one of the first 'survival' verbs for travelers.

In the Kitchen: Used when the cooking is finished. 'Gāz' (gas/stove) is the most common object here.

خورشت آماده است، شعله را خاموش کن.

Translation: The stew is ready, turn off the flame.

Another interesting place you'll hear this is in the news. When a fire breaks out in a forest or a building, the news anchor will report on the efforts to 'khāmush kardan' the fire. Here, it takes on a more heroic and urgent tone. In political discourse, 'khāmush kardan' might be used to describe 'silencing' the opposition or 'extinguishing' the flames of war. Thus, the word moves seamlessly from the mundane act of flipping a light switch to the heavy atmosphere of geopolitical conflict.

Learning خاموش کردن is usually straightforward, but English speakers often fall into a few specific traps. The most common error is 'Linguistic Interference'—trying to apply English logic to Persian verbs. In English, we 'close' a tap (water) and 'turn off' a light. In Persian, you 'close' (bastan) a tap, but you 'extinguish/silence' (khāmush kardan) a light. If you use 'bastan' for a light, you are saying you want to physically close the lamp, which makes no sense.

Mistake: Using 'Bastan' (To Close): Incorrect: چراغ را ببند (Close the light). Correct: چراغ را خاموش کن.

اشتباه: من تلویزیون را بستم.

Translation: Error: I 'closed' the TV. (Should be 'khāmush kardam').

Another mistake involves the difference between 'khāmush kardan' (active) and 'khāmush shodan' (passive). If a light goes out by itself due to a power outage, you cannot use 'kardan.' You must use 'shodan' (to become). Saying 'Cheraagh khāmush kard' implies the light performed the action of turning itself off, which sounds like the light has a mind of its own. Always use 'kardan' when there is an agent (a person or a thing) doing the turning off.

Mistake: Active vs. Passive: Use 'kardan' for 'I turned it off'. Use 'shodan' for 'It went off'.

برق رفت و همه چراغ‌ها خاموش شدند.

Translation: The power went out and all the lights went off (became extinguished).

Finally, learners sometimes forget the 'rā' (را) when the object is specific. Because 'khāmush kardan' is a transitive verb, if you are turning off *the* light (a specific one), you must say 'cheraagh-rā.' Omitting 'rā' makes the sentence sound incomplete or like you are talking about lights in a general, abstract sense. Precision with 'rā' is what separates an A1 learner from a fluent speaker.

While خاموش کردن is the most common term, Persian offers several alternatives depending on the context and the desired level of formality. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to navigate different social situations. For instance, in a very formal or literary setting, you might encounter 'foru-neshāndan,' which is specifically used for extinguishing fires or quelling passions. In a technical setting, you might hear 'ghat' kardan,' which refers to cutting the supply of something.

قطع کردن (Ghat' Kardan): Meaning 'to cut' or 'to disconnect.' Used for internet, electricity supply, or phone calls. You 'khāmush' the phone, but you 'ghat' the call.

او عصبانی شد و تلفن را قطع کرد.

Translation: He got angry and hung up (cut) the phone.

فرو نشاندن (Foru-neshāndan): A more literary term meaning 'to quell' or 'to suppress.' Often used for fire, anger, or a rebellion. It implies a more forceful or complete extinguishing.

او سعی کرد خشم خود را فرو بنشاند.

Translation: He tried to suppress (extinguish) his anger.

Another important distinction is 'khāmush kardan' vs. 'kushtan' (to kill). In some older or very colloquial dialects, people might say 'cheraagh rā bokosh' (kill the light). This is similar to the English slang 'kill the lights.' However, this is not standard Persian and might sound strange in many parts of Iran today. Stick to 'khāmush kardan' for safety. Finally, remember that the opposite of 'khāmush kardan' is 'rowshan kardan' (to turn on/light up). These two form a perfect pair in the Persian language, representing the duality of light and dark, action and stillness.

How Formal Is It?

正式

"خواهشمند است پس از اتمام کار، دستگاه را خاموش نمایید."

中性

"لطفاً چراغ را خاموش کنید."

非正式

"چراغ رو خاموش کن."

Child friendly

"عزیزم، تلویزیون رو خاموش کن بیا شام."

俚语

"اون گوشی وامونده رو خاموش کن!"

趣味小知识

The famous poet Rumi (Molana) used 'Khāmush' as his pen name in many of his ghazals, signifying that words cannot express the ultimate truth.

发音指南

UK /xɒːˈmuːʃ kæɾˈdæn/

US /xɑːˈmuːʃ kærˈdæn/

The primary stress is on the second syllable of the first word (khā-MUSH) and the second syllable of the second word (kar-DAN).

押韵词

فراموش کردن (farāmush kardan - to forget) آغوش (āghush - embrace) موش (mush - mouse) گوش (gush - ear) نوش (nush - drink/pleasant) جوش (jush - boil) کوش (kush - strive) هوش (hush - intelligence)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'.
Making the 'ā' sound too short like 'apple'.
Pronouncing 'mush' like 'mushy' (it should be a 'u' sound).
Stress on the first syllable of 'kardan'.
Omitting the 'n' at the end of 'kardan'.

难度评级

阅读 1/5

Very easy to recognize as it uses common letters and a basic auxiliary verb.

写作 2/5

Requires remembering the 'kh' (خ) and the 'sh' (ش) correctly.

口语 2/5

The 'kh' sound can be tricky for English natives, but the rhythm is simple.

听力 1/5

Very distinct sound; rarely confused with other common verbs.

接下来学什么

前置知识

کردن (kardan) چراغ (cheraagh) آتش (ātash) روشن (rowshan) نه (na - for negation)

接下来学习

روشن کردن (rowshan kardan) فراموش کردن (farāmush kardan) ساکت کردن (sāket kardan) خراب کردن (kharāb kardan) پیدا کردن (peydā kardan)

高级

فرو نشاندن (foru-neshāndan) منطفی ساختن (montafi sāktan) سرکوب کردن (sarkub kardan) خاموشی گزیدن (khāmushi gozidan)

需要掌握的语法

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'khāmush kardan', only 'kardan' changes. Present: می-کنم (mi-konam). Past: کردم (kardam).

Direct Object Marker 'rā'

چراغ را خاموش کن. (The 'rā' follows the specific object 'cheraagh').

Imperative Formation

Remove 'mi-' from present and add 'be-' (though for 'kardan' in compounds, 'be-' is usually omitted): خاموش کن.

Negative Imperative

Add 'na-' to the auxiliary: خاموش نکن (Don't turn off).

Passive Voice with 'shodan'

خاموش شد (It was turned off / It went out).

按水平分级的例句

چراغ را خاموش کن.

Turn off the light.

Imperative singular form.

من تلویزیون را خاموش کردم.

I turned off the TV.

Simple past tense, first person singular.

لطفاً رادیو را خاموش کنید.

Please turn off the radio.

Formal/plural imperative.

او موبایلش را خاموش کرد.

He turned off his mobile phone.

Simple past tense, third person singular.

چراغ‌ها را خاموش کنیم؟

Shall we turn off the lights?

First person plural, present tense (used as a suggestion).

کولر را خاموش کن.

Turn off the air conditioner.

Imperative singular.

مادرم کامپیوتر را خاموش می‌کند.

My mother turns off the computer.

Present simple tense.

آیا چراغ را خاموش کردی؟

Did you turn off the light?

Question in simple past tense.

باید گاز را خاموش کنم.

I must turn off the stove.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

ماشین را خاموش کن و پیاده شو.

Turn off the car and get out.

Two imperatives joined by 'va'.

او همیشه قبل از خواب لپ‌تاپش را خاموش می‌کند.

He always turns off his laptop before sleep.

Present habitual action.

چراغ‌ها خودکار خاموش می‌شوند.

The lights turn off automatically.

Passive voice with 'shodan'.

می‌خواهم این شمع را خاموش کنم.

I want to blow out (extinguish) this candle.

Verb 'khāstan' + subjunctive.

داری تلویزیون را خاموش می‌کنی؟

Are you turning off the TV?

Present continuous question.

آن‌ها آتش را خاموش کردند.

They extinguished the fire.

Simple past, third person plural.

لطفاً سیگارت را خاموش کن.

Please put out your cigarette.

Imperative with a possessive suffix.

اگر از اتاق بیرون می‌روی، چراغ را خاموش کن.

If you are leaving the room, turn off the light.

Conditional sentence type 1.

مهمانداران از ما خواستند گوشی‌ها را خاموش کنیم.

The flight attendants asked us to turn off the phones.

Reported speech/request.

او فراموش کرد که موتور ماشین را خاموش کند.

He forgot to turn off the car engine.

Verb 'farāmush kardan' + subjunctive.

برای صرفه‌جویی در برق، وسایل اضافی را خاموش کنید.

To save electricity, turn off extra appliances.

Infinitive of purpose + imperative.

آتش‌نشان‌ها در حال خاموش کردن آتش سوزی هستند.

The firefighters are in the process of extinguishing the fire.

Present continuous with 'dar hāl-e'.

نباید بدون خاموش کردن چراغ‌ها از خانه خارج شوی.

You shouldn't leave the house without turning off the lights.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive.

صدای موسیقی را خاموش کن، دارم درس می‌خوانم.

Turn off the music, I am studying.

Imperative followed by a reason.

او با یک فوت شمع‌ها را خاموش کرد.

She blew out the candles with one breath.

Simple past with a prepositional phrase.

دولت سعی کرد اعتراضات را خاموش کند.

The government tried to silence the protests.

Metaphorical use of the verb.

او با سخنانش آتش خشم برادرش را خاموش کرد.

With his words, he extinguished the fire of his brother's anger.

Literary/metaphorical collocation.

این دستگاه پس از ده دقیقه به طور خودکار خاموش می‌شود.

This device turns off automatically after ten minutes.

Adverbial phrase 'be tour-e khodkār'.

او تمام چراغ‌های امید را در دلش خاموش کرد.

He extinguished all the lights of hope in his heart.

Poetic/metaphorical usage.

پلیس از راننده خواست که بلافاصله موتور را خاموش کند.

The police asked the driver to turn off the engine immediately.

Subjunctive after a request.

خاموش کردن این آتش عظیم ساعت‌ها طول کشید.

Extinguishing this massive fire took hours.

Infinitive used as a subject.

او سعی می‌کرد صدای وجدانش را خاموش کند.

He was trying to silence the voice of his conscience.

Metaphorical use with 'voice'.

لطفاً قبل از ورود به کتابخانه، زنگ گوشی خود را خاموش کنید.

Please turn off your phone's ringtone before entering the library.

Specific object 'zang-e gushi'.

نویسنده با مهارتی خاص، شعله‌های تردید را در خواننده خاموش می‌کند.

The author, with special skill, extinguishes the flames of doubt in the reader.

Advanced literary usage.

او با سکوت خود، تمام شایعات را خاموش کرد.

With her silence, she silenced (extinguished) all the rumors.

Abstract usage.

نیروهای امدادی در تلاشند تا کانون‌های آتش را خاموش کنند.

The rescue forces are trying to extinguish the hotspots of the fire.

Technical/Formal terminology.

او چراغ عمرش را با فداکاری خاموش کرد.

He extinguished the light of his life with sacrifice.

Euphemism for death in literature.

باید هر چه سریع‌تر این فتنه را خاموش کرد.

This sedition must be extinguished as quickly as possible.

Impersonal 'bāyad' + shortened infinitive.

او با یک حرکت انقلابی، صدای مخالفان را برای همیشه خاموش کرد.

With a revolutionary move, he silenced the voices of the opponents forever.

Strong political connotation.

خاموش کردن چراغ‌های دانش در یک جامعه، فاجعه‌بار است.

Extinguishing the lights of knowledge in a society is catastrophic.

Philosophical/Sociological metaphor.

او با خونسردی تمام، سیستم‌های امنیتی را خاموش کرد.

With total composure, he turned off the security systems.

Context of a thriller or technical narrative.

عارف در مرحله‌ای از سلوک، چراغ منیت خویش را خاموش می‌سازد.

The mystic, at a stage of the journey, extinguishes the lamp of his own ego.

Sufi/Mystical terminology using 'sāktan'.

مرگ، تنها قدرتی است که می‌تواند ولع سیری‌ناپذیر بشر را خاموش کند.

Death is the only power that can extinguish the insatiable craving of humanity.

Philosophical abstraction.

او در پی آن بود که آتش جنگ را در منطقه خاموش کند.

He was seeking to extinguish the fire of war in the region.

High-level diplomatic register.

شاعر با استعاره‌ای بدیع، خورشید را در افق خاموش می‌کند.

The poet, with a novel metaphor, extinguishes the sun on the horizon.

Literary criticism context.

خاموش کردن چراغ عقل، آغاز سقوط در تاریکی جهل است.

Extinguishing the light of reason is the beginning of the fall into the darkness of ignorance.

Complex metaphorical structure.

او با نگاهی نافذ، هرگونه اعتراضی را در نطفه خاموش کرد.

With a piercing gaze, he silenced any protest in the bud.

Idiomatic expression 'dar notfe khāmush kardan'.

این کشف علمی، بسیاری از تئوری‌های قدیمی را خاموش کرد.

This scientific discovery extinguished (rendered obsolete) many old theories.

Metaphorical use in a scientific context.

در نهایت، زمان است که تمام هیاهوها را خاموش خواهد کرد.

Ultimately, it is time that will silence all the clamor.

Existential/Poetic future tense.

常见搭配

چراغ را خاموش کردن

آتش را خاموش کردن

گوشی را خاموش کردن

ماشین را خاموش کردن

تلویزیون را خاموش کردن

گاز را خاموش کردن

صدای کسی را خاموش کردن

شمع را خاموش کردن

سیستم را خاموش کردن

موتور را خاموش کردن

常用短语

خاموش کن!

خاموشش کن

یادت نره خاموش کنی

خاموش کردن چراغ‌ها

باید خاموش بشه

زود خاموشش کرد

خاموش کردن فتنه

خاموش کردن آتش جنگ

خاموش کردن عطش

خاموش کردن خشم

容易混淆的词

خاموش کردن vs بستن (bastan)

English speakers often say 'close the light' using bastan. This is incorrect in Persian.

خاموش کردن vs قطع کردن (ghat' kardan)

Ghat' kardan is for cutting a line/connection; khāmush kardan is for the device itself.

خاموش کردن vs فراموش کردن (farāmush kardan)

Sounds similar because of the 'mush' ending, but means 'to forget'.

习语与表达

"چراغ کسی را خاموش کردن"

To ruin someone's life or kill them.

با آن تهمت، چراغ زندگی او را خاموش کردند.

Poetic/Dramatic

"آتش را با آتش خاموش کردن"

To fight fire with fire (using the same methods as the opponent).

او فکر می‌کرد می‌تواند آتش را با آتش خاموش کند.

General

"در نطفه خاموش کردن"

To nip something in the bud (to stop something before it starts).

پلیس توطئه را در نطفه خاموش کرد.

Formal/Journalistic

"خاموش ماندن"

To remain silent (related to the adjective khāmush).

او در برابر ظلم خاموش نماند.

Literary

"خاموش کردن صدای وجدان"

To ignore one's conscience.

او سعی کرد با پول، صدای وجدانش را خاموش کند.

Moral/Ethical

"چراغ عمر کسی خاموش شدن"

For someone to pass away (passive form).

متأسفانه چراغ عمر استاد خاموش شد.

Formal/Euphemistic

"آتشی که خاموش نمی‌شود"

An unquenchable passion or problem.

عشق او آتشی بود که خاموش نمی‌شد.

Poetic

"خاموش کردن موتور فکر"

To stop thinking or worrying (informal).

گاهی باید موتور فکر را خاموش کرد و استراحت کرد.

Informal

"خاموش کردن شعله‌های نفاق"

To stop discord or hypocrisy in a group.

او برای خاموش کردن شعله‌های نفاق تلاش کرد.

Political/Religious

"خاموش کردن چراغ سبز"

To withdraw permission or a 'green light'.

مدیر ناگهان چراغ سبز پروژه را خاموش کرد.

Business

容易混淆

خاموش کردن vs خاموش شدن

Both involve things being 'off'.

Kardan is active (someone does it); Shodan is passive (it happens).

من چراغ را خاموش کردم (I turned it off) vs چراغ خاموش شد (The light went off).

خاموش کردن vs ساکت کردن

Both can mean 'to silence'.

Sāket kardan is for people/noise; Khāmush kardan is for machines/fire/metaphorical voices.

بچه را ساکت کن (Quiet the baby) vs رادیو را خاموش کن (Turn off the radio).

خاموش کردن vs کشتن

In some slang, 'killing' a light means turning it off.

Kushtan is literally 'to kill' and is very informal/dialectal for lights.

چراغ را خاموش کن is much better than چراغ را بکش.

خاموش کردن vs کور کردن

Used for 'blinding' or 'extinguishing' a small light source.

Kur kardan is specifically for small flames or blinding lights.

او شعله را کور کرد.

خاموش کردن vs خواباندن

Used for 'putting to sleep' or 'turning off' an engine in some contexts.

Khābāndan is more about putting something in a dormant state.

موتور را خواباند.

句型

[Object] را خاموش کن.

چراغ را خاموش کن.

من [Object] را خاموش کردم.

من تلویزیون را خاموش کردم.

لطفاً قبل از [Action], [Object] را خاموش کنید.

لطفاً قبل از خروج، چراغ را خاموش کنید.

او فراموش کرد [Object] را خاموش کند.

او فراموش کرد گاز را خاموش کند.

[Object] به طور خودکار خاموش می‌شود.

مانیتور به طور خودکار خاموش می‌شود.

با [Means], [Abstract Object] را خاموش کرد.

با سکوتش، شایعات را خاموش کرد.

باید شعله‌های [Emotion] را خاموش کرد.

باید شعله‌های خشم را خاموش کرد.

[Subject] درصدد خاموش کردن [Complex Object] برآمد.

دولت درصدد خاموش کردن آتش جنگ برآمد.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Extremely common in daily life, especially regarding electronics and energy saving.

常见错误

چراغ را ببند (Cheraagh rā beband) → چراغ را خاموش کن (Cheraagh rā khāmush kon)
English speakers translate 'close the light' literally. 'Bastan' is only for doors, windows, and books.
من آتش را روشن کردم (when they mean extinguished) → من آتش را خاموش کردم
Confusing 'rowshan' (on) with 'khāmush' (off).
برق خاموش کرد (Bargh khāmush kard) → برق خاموش شد (Bargh khāmush shod)
The electricity doesn't 'do' the turning off; it 'becomes' off. Use the passive 'shodan'.
خاموش کردن تلویزیون (without 'rā') → تلویزیون را خاموش کردن
Forgetting the direct object marker 'rā' for a specific device.
استفاده از 'خاموش کردن' برای آب → بستن شیر آب
Using 'khāmush kardan' for a water tap. It's only for light/fire/electronics.

小贴士

Compound Verb Logic

Remember that only the second part 'kardan' changes. 'Khāmush' stays exactly the same regardless of who is doing the action.

Lights vs. Doors

In English, we sometimes say 'shut the lights.' In Persian, never use 'bastan' (shut) for lights. Always use 'khāmush kardan'.

The 'Kh' Sound

Practice the 'kh' sound by clearing your throat gently. It shouldn't be as hard as a 'k' or as soft as an 'h'.

Saving Energy

Iranians are very conscious of electricity bills. Saying 'cheraagh rā khāmush kon' is a common and helpful phrase in any home.

Formal Writing

In essays, use 'khāmush sāktan' to demonstrate a higher level of Persian proficiency.

Tech Tip

When your phone battery dies, the phone 'khāmush shod' (went off). You didn't 'khāmush kard' (turn it off) yourself.

Mouse Mnemonic

A 'mush' (mouse) is quiet. 'Khā-mush' is making something quiet like a mouse.

Fire Safety

If you see a fire, yell 'Ātash rā khāmush konid!' This is a vital survival phrase.

Suffixes

Listen for 'khāmush-esh kon'. The '-esh' means 'it'. It's the most common way to say 'turn it off' in conversation.

Politeness

Always add 'lotfan' (please) when asking someone to turn something off to avoid sounding bossy.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'MUSH'y fire that you need to 'KH'ill (kill) to make it 'KHĀMUSH'. Or imagine a mouse (mush) that you need to make silent (khāmush).

视觉联想

Imagine a big red 'OFF' button with the word 'خاموش' written on it in gold letters.

Word Web

Light (Cheraagh) Fire (Ātash) TV (Televiziyon) Silence (Sokut) Off (Off) Switch (Kelid) Electricity (Bargh) Phone (Mobile)

挑战

Try to say 'khāmush kon' every time you turn off a light today. Do it 10 times until the compound verb feels natural.

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'khāmōsh'. The root is related to the concept of being 'stilled' or 'quieted'. It has cognates in other Indo-Iranian languages.

原始含义： To be silent or to make silent.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Be careful using 'khāmush kon' toward a person; it can be interpreted as 'shut up' if said with a harsh tone.

English speakers use different verbs for 'lights' (turn off) and 'fire' (extinguish). Persian simplifies this into one concept.

The pen name of Rumi (Khāmush). The 'Khamushi' (Blackout) during the Iran-Iraq war air raids. Modern Iranian pop songs about 'Khāmush kardan' the lights for a romantic atmosphere.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At Home

چراغ اتاق را خاموش کن.
تلویزیون را خاموش کردی؟
گاز را خاموش کن.
کولر را خاموش کنیم؟

In a Car

ماشین را خاموش کن.
ضبط را خاموش کن.
موتور را خاموش کنید.
چراغ‌های جلو را خاموش کن.

At Work/School

کامپیوتر را خاموش کن.
گوشی‌ات را خاموش کن.
مانیتور را خاموش کنید.
سیستم امنیتی را خاموش کردند.

Safety/Emergency

آتش را خاموش کنید!
سیگار را خاموش کن.
شیر گاز را ببند و چراغ را خاموش کن.
آتش‌نشانی آتش را خاموش کرد.

Social/Public

لطفاً موبایل خود را خاموش کنید.
صدای موسیقی را خاموش کنید.
چراغ‌های سالن خاموش شد.
او شمع‌های تولدش را خاموش کرد.

对话开场白

"ببخشید، می‌توانم این چراغ را خاموش کنم؟ (Excuse me, can I turn off this light?)"

"آیا یادت هست که اتو را خاموش کنی؟ (Do you remember to turn off the iron?)"

"چرا تلویزیون را خاموش کردی؟ داشتم تماشا می‌کردم! (Why did you turn off the TV? I was watching!)"

"می‌شود لطفاً صدای رادیو را خاموش کنید؟ (Could you please turn off the radio sound?)"

"کی آتشِ این شومینه را خاموش کرد؟ (Who extinguished the fire in this fireplace?)"

日记主题

امروز چه وسایلی را خاموش کردی تا در مصرف برق صرفه‌جویی کنی؟ (What devices did you turn off today to save electricity?)

زمانی را توصیف کن که فراموش کردی چیزی را خاموش کنی و چه اتفاقی افتاد. (Describe a time you forgot to turn something off and what happened.)

آیا ترجیح می‌دهی در تاریکی (چراغ خاموش) بخوابی یا با کمی نور؟ چرا؟ (Do you prefer to sleep in the dark or with some light? Why?)

چگونه می‌توانیم آتش خشم را در درون خود خاموش کنیم؟ (How can we extinguish the fire of anger within ourselves?)

اهمیت خاموش کردن گوشی در زمان مطالعه چیست؟ (What is the importance of turning off the phone while studying?)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, for a water tap you should use 'bastan' (to close). 'Khāmush kardan' is only for things that have a 'flame' or 'electricity'.

Yes, it is the standard neutral word. To be more polite, add 'lotfan' (please) and use the plural form 'khāmush konid'.

'Khāmush' means 'off' or 'extinguished'. 'Sāket' means 'quiet' or 'silent'. You turn off (khāmush kardan) a TV, but you make a child quiet (sāket kardan).

You use the adjective: 'Cheraagh khāmush ast'.

Yes, it is very common in poetic Persian to 'khāmush kardan' hope (omid) or a dream (ro'yā).

Yes, it's 'ātash-khāmush-kon' (آتش‌خاموش‌کن).

You use 'khāham' + the short infinitive: 'khāmush khāham kard' (I will turn off).

It's very strong. It means to 'silence' them completely, often in a political or permanent way. For 'be quiet', use 'sāket bāsh'.

The opposite is 'rowshan' (bright/on).

As an adjective, it can also mean 'extinct' (like a volcano: āteshfeshān-e khāmush).