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A1 noun #2,800 最常用 16分钟阅读

تخفیف

takhfif
At the A1 level, the word تخفیف (takhfif) is introduced as a basic survival vocabulary word for shopping and daily transactions. Learners at this stage are taught how to recognize the word on signs in shop windows and how to use it in very simple, formulaic questions. The primary goal is to enable the learner to ask if a price reduction is possible. The most common structure taught is 'تخفیف دارد؟' (Takhfif darad? - Does it have a discount?). Learners also practice understanding simple answers from shopkeepers, such as 'بله' (Yes) or 'خیر' (No), and recognizing percentages written on promotional materials. The focus is purely on the transactional aspect of the word, allowing beginners to navigate basic purchases in markets or stores without needing complex grammar. Vocabulary related to numbers and money (Tomans) is heavily integrated with this word at this level.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of تخفیف to include basic negotiations and explanations. They learn the essential compound verbs 'تخفیف دادن' (to give a discount) and 'تخفیف گرفتن' (to get a discount). Learners can now form complete sentences expressing their desire for a lower price, such as 'لطفاً کمی تخفیف بدهید' (Please give a little discount). They also begin to use simple conjunctions to justify their request, for example, 'چون من دانشجو هستم، تخفیف می‌خواهم' (Because I am a student, I want a discount). At this stage, learners can understand short, simple advertisements and announcements regarding sales events. They can participate in basic, predictable role-plays set in a bazaar, practicing the back-and-forth of asking for a price, requesting a reduction, and agreeing on a final amount.
At the B1 level, the usage of تخفیف becomes more conversational and culturally nuanced. Learners are expected to engage in actual bargaining (چانه زدن) using more polite and varied language. They can understand and use conditional sentences, such as 'اگر دو تا بخرم، چقدر تخفیف می‌دهید؟' (If I buy two, how much discount will you give?). They learn to navigate the cultural aspect of 'Ta'arof' in shopping, understanding that initial refusals to take money are polite gestures before the real negotiation begins. Learners can read and comprehend more detailed promotional emails or website banners detailing specific conditions for discount codes (کد تخفیف). They can narrate past shopping experiences, explaining how much of a reduction they successfully negotiated and why they consider it a good deal.
At the B2 level, learners can discuss the concept of تخفیف abstractly and within broader economic or business contexts. They can understand and participate in conversations about marketing strategies, consumer behavior, and the impact of sales on retail businesses. Vocabulary expands to include terms like 'تخفیف عمده' (wholesale discount) and 'سیاست‌های تخفیفی' (discounting policies). Learners can write formal emails requesting price reductions for bulk orders or corporate services. They can comprehend news reports discussing inflation and how stores use promotional offers to maintain customer loyalty during economic downturns. The ability to express opinions on whether certain sales events (like Black Friday in Iran) are genuine or manipulative marketing tactics is developed at this stage.
At the C1 level, the mastery of تخفیف involves understanding its subtle implications in complex negotiations and formal texts. Learners can read advanced economic articles analyzing the psychological pricing strategies employed by major corporations and e-commerce platforms. They can fluently discuss the socio-economic factors driving the necessity of bargaining in traditional markets versus fixed-price modern retail. In spoken Persian, they can use idiomatic expressions related to commerce and negotiate complex contracts, smoothly integrating requests for financial concessions without causing offense. They can analyze the linguistic shift in advertising language and how the concept of 'takhfif' is weaponized in aggressive marketing campaigns to create artificial urgency among consumers.
At the C2 level, the understanding of تخفیف is near-native, encompassing historical, literary, and highly specialized usages. Learners can comprehend classical texts or historical accounts detailing taxation and the granting of financial relief (takhfif) by historical rulers. They can engage in high-level academic or professional discourse regarding the macroeconomic effects of widespread discounting on market stability and brand equity. They possess the linguistic agility to use the word metaphorically, such as 'تخفیف مجازات' (mitigation of punishment) in legal contexts, or in philosophical discussions about lessening life's burdens. Their use of the word is perfectly calibrated to the register, whether in a high-stakes corporate boardroom negotiation or a nuanced literary critique.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

تخفیف 30秒了解

  • Means 'discount' or 'price reduction'.
  • Essential for shopping and bargaining in Iran.
  • Used with verbs 'dadan' (give) and 'gereftan' (get).
  • Often seen online as 'kod-e takhfif' (promo code).

The Persian word تخفیف (pronounced takhfif) is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, specifically within the contexts of commerce, daily shopping, and economic transactions. At its core, it translates directly to 'discount' or 'price reduction' in English. Understanding this word is absolutely essential for anyone navigating the vibrant markets, bazaars, and modern retail environments of Iran and other Persian-speaking regions. The concept of bargaining and seeking a lower price is deeply ingrained in the culture, making this word one of the most frequently used terms in everyday spoken Persian. When you hear this word, it immediately signals an opportunity to pay less than the initially stated price. The linguistic roots of the word trace back to the Arabic language, specifically the root letters خ-ف-ف (kha-fa-fa), which convey the general idea of 'lightness' or 'making something lighter'. In the context of commerce, this translates beautifully to 'making the financial burden lighter' for the buyer. This etymological background provides a fascinating glimpse into how language conceptualizes economic transactions.

To fully grasp the nuances of this word, one must look at how it functions within various sentence structures and social settings. It is not merely a transactional term; it is a social tool.
Literal Meaning
The act of lessening or lightening a burden, specifically a financial one.
Commercial Meaning
A deduction from the usual cost of something, typically given for prompt or advance payment or to a special category of buyers.
Cultural Meaning
A symbol of goodwill, negotiation skill, and the establishment of a relationship between buyer and seller.
When navigating a traditional bazaar, the absence of fixed prices means that the initial price quoted is almost always a starting point for negotiation. Here, the word becomes your most valuable asset.

آقا، برای این فرش کمی تخفیف بدهید.

Sir, please give a little discount for this carpet.
In modern contexts, such as online shopping platforms like Digikala, the word is used in the context of promotional codes and seasonal sales. You will frequently see phrases like 'کد تخفیف' (discount code) prominently displayed. This shows the word's versatility, bridging the gap between ancient bazaar traditions and contemporary e-commerce.

من یک کد تخفیف پنجاه درصدی دارم.

I have a fifty percent discount code.
The emotional resonance of the word is also significant. Receiving a reduction in price brings a sense of satisfaction and victory to the buyer, while for the seller, offering it can be a strategic move to secure a sale and build customer loyalty. It is important to distinguish this noun from related concepts. While it refers to the reduction itself, the act of negotiating is called 'چانه زدن' (chaneh zadan). You 'chaneh' to get a 'takhfif'.

دانشجویان شامل تخفیف ویژه می‌شوند.

Students are eligible for a special discount.
Furthermore, the word can be modified by various adjectives to specify the type or magnitude of the reduction. For instance, 'تخفیف ویژه' (special discount), 'تخفیف فصلی' (seasonal discount), or 'تخفیف عمده' (wholesale discount).
Grammatical Function
It functions primarily as a noun and is often the direct object of verbs like 'dadan' (to give) and 'gereftan' (to get).
Register
It is appropriate in both highly formal business negotiations and casual street-level shopping.
Frequency
Extremely high frequency in spoken Persian, essential for CEFR A1 learners.
The ubiquity of the term means that learners will encounter it almost immediately upon arriving in a Persian-speaking environment.

آیا این لباس تخفیف دارد؟

Does this dress have a discount?
In summary, mastering this word is not just about expanding vocabulary; it is about unlocking a crucial aspect of social and economic interaction in Persian culture. It empowers the learner to participate actively in the marketplace, understand promotional materials, and engage in the time-honored tradition of negotiation.

بدون تخفیف خیلی گران است.

Without a discount, it is very expensive.
By understanding its roots, its common collocations, and its cultural weight, a learner transitions from a mere observer to an active participant in the Persian-speaking world.

Using the word تخفیف correctly involves understanding its common verb pairings and the prepositions that typically accompany it. Because it is a noun, it relies on light verbs (compound verbs) to express action. The two most critical verbs to learn are 'دادن' (dadan - to give) and 'گرفتن' (gereftan - to get/take). When you are the seller or the one offering the price reduction, you use 'تخفیف دادن' (takhfif dadan). When you are the buyer or the one receiving the reduction, you use 'تخفیف گرفتن' (takhfif gereftan). This distinction is fundamental and is often one of the first grammatical structures taught to beginners regarding shopping vocabulary.

Let us explore the usage from the buyer's perspective. A common way to ask for a lower price is to use the verb 'داشتن' (dashtan - to have). You can simply ask, 'این تخفیف دارد؟' (In takhfif darad? - Does this have a discount?). This is a polite, non-confrontational way to initiate a negotiation.
Asking for it
میشه کمی تخفیف بدید؟ (Misheh kami takhfif bedid? - Is it possible you give a little discount?)
Confirming it
با تخفیف چقدر میشه؟ (Ba takhfif cheghadr misheh? - How much is it with the discount?)
Expressing satisfaction
تخفیف خوبی گرفتم. (Takhfif-e khoobi gereftam. - I got a good discount.)
When constructing sentences, the preposition 'برای' (baray-e - for) is frequently used to specify what the reduction is applied to. For example, 'تخفیف برای این کفش' (takhfif baray-e in kafsh - discount for these shoes). Alternatively, the ezafe marker (the short 'e' sound linking words) is used to link the word to the item or the amount.

فروشنده به من ده درصد تخفیف داد.

The seller gave me a ten percent discount.
In written Persian, especially in advertising and formal notices, you will often see percentages used alongside the word. The word for percent is 'درصد' (darsad). So, a 20% reduction is written as '۲۰ درصد تخفیف' (bist darsad takhfif). This phrasing is ubiquitous on shop windows during sale seasons.

تمام اجناس مغازه شامل تخفیف هستند.

All items in the shop include a discount.
Another important usage context is online shopping. The phrase 'کد تخفیف' (kod-e takhfif - discount code) is essential for modern consumers. Websites will have a specific field during checkout asking for this code. It is also important to know how to express the absence of a price reduction. Sellers in fixed-price stores (like supermarkets or branded boutiques) might say 'تخفیف نداریم' (takhfif nadarim - we don't have discounts) or 'قیمت‌ها مقطوع است' (gheimat-ha maghtoo' ast - prices are fixed).

متاسفانه روی این کالا نمی‌توانیم تخفیف بدهیم.

Unfortunately, we cannot give a discount on this item.
Furthermore, the word can be used in a more abstract, non-financial sense, though this is less common for beginners. For example, it can refer to a reduction in a penalty or a mitigation of circumstances in legal contexts, such as 'تخفیف مجازات' (takhfif-e mojazaat - reduction of punishment). However, for A1 learners, focusing strictly on the commercial application is the priority.
Collocation: تخفیف ویژه
Special discount, often used in marketing campaigns.
Collocation: تخفیف دانشجویی
Student discount, requiring a valid student ID.
Collocation: بدون تخفیف
Without discount, meaning the full price must be paid.
Practice combining these elements: the noun, the appropriate light verb, the percentage, and the item. A complete, complex sentence for a beginner might look like this: 'من برای این کتاب از فروشنده بیست درصد تخفیف گرفتم' (Man baray-e in ketab az forooshandeh bist darsad takhfif gereftam - I got a twenty percent discount from the seller for this book).

اگر دو تا بخرم، تخفیف می‌دهید؟

If I buy two, will you give a discount?
By mastering these sentence patterns and collocations, learners can confidently navigate commercial transactions and engage in the culturally significant practice of price negotiation in Persian.

The word تخفیف is ubiquitous across various environments in Persian-speaking countries, permeating both traditional and modern spheres of life. The most iconic and culturally rich setting where you will hear this word is undoubtedly the traditional bazaar (بازار). In places like the Grand Bazaar of Tehran, the Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz, or the Naqsh-e Jahan Square markets in Isfahan, bargaining is not just accepted; it is a fundamental part of the commercial ecosystem. As you walk through the labyrinthine alleys, listening to the cacophony of vendors and buyers, the word echoes constantly. Buyers use it to initiate negotiations, while sellers use it as a tool to entice hesitant customers.

Beyond the traditional markets, you will frequently encounter this word in modern retail environments, such as shopping malls (پاساژ - pasazh) and boutiques. While bargaining might be less aggressive or sometimes non-existent in high-end branded stores, the concept of sales and promotional reductions remains prevalent.
Seasonal Sales
During end-of-season clearance events, shop windows are plastered with signs announcing massive price cuts.
Festive Periods
Before major holidays like Nowruz (Persian New Year) or Yalda Night, special promotional offers are everywhere.
Exhibitions
At trade fairs and international exhibitions, vendors often offer special rates to attendees.
You will see large, bold signs reading 'تخفیف' or 'حراج' (sale) in red letters to attract foot traffic.

در بازار تهران همه دنبال تخفیف هستند.

In the Tehran bazaar, everyone is looking for a discount.
The digital landscape is another major arena where this word dominates. E-commerce has boomed in Iran, with platforms like Digikala, Snapp, and Tapsi becoming integral to daily life. On these apps and websites, the term 'کد تخفیف' (discount code) is highly sought after. Users actively search for these codes before ordering food, booking a ride, or purchasing electronics. Promotional emails and SMS marketing campaigns heavily feature this word to drive conversions.

اسنپ امروز یک تخفیف خوب برای سفرها داد.

Snapp gave a good discount for rides today.
Furthermore, the word is prevalent in the service sector. When negotiating contracts for services like home repairs, event planning, or even medical procedures in private clinics, asking for a more favorable rate is common. In educational contexts, universities and training institutes often advertise 'تخفیف دانشجویی' (student discounts) to attract enrollees. Public transportation, museums, and cinemas also frequently offer reduced rates for students, seniors, or specific professional groups like teachers or military personnel.
B2B Transactions
In wholesale and business-to-business dealings, volume-based price reductions are a standard negotiation point.
Real Estate
When buying or renting property, negotiating the final price or the deposit amount is standard practice.
Travel
Airlines and hotels offer early bird or last-minute reduced rates to maximize occupancy.

سینما روزهای سه‌شنبه تخفیف دارد.

The cinema has a discount on Tuesdays.
The media also plays a role in amplifying the word. Television and radio commercials constantly bombard listeners with promises of special offers and limited-time reductions. Economic news programs might discuss the impact of inflation on consumer purchasing power and how retailers are using promotional strategies to maintain sales volumes.

تبلیغات تلویزیون پر از کلمه تخفیف است.

TV advertisements are full of the word discount.
In conclusion, whether you are haggling over a hand-woven carpet in a centuries-old bazaar, applying a promo code on a modern smartphone app, or simply trying to save a few tomans on your daily commute, this word is an inescapable and vital part of the Persian linguistic landscape.

While تخفیف is a straightforward noun, learners of Persian often make several common mistakes regarding its usage, verb pairings, and cultural application. The most frequent grammatical error arises from the direct translation of English phrases. In English, we say 'to make a discount' or 'to do a discount' in some colloquial contexts, but in Persian, the verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do/make) is almost never used with this word in standard modern Persian. Learners frequently say 'تخفیف کردن' (takhfif kardan), which sounds unnatural and incorrect to native speakers.

Another common linguistic mistake is confusing the noun with adjectives that describe price. For instance, learners might confuse it with 'ارزان' (arzan - cheap). While a reduction makes an item cheaper, the words are not interchangeable. You cannot say 'این ماشین خیلی تخفیف است' (This car is very discount) to mean the car is cheap. You must say 'این ماشین ارزان است' (This car is cheap) or 'این ماشین تخفیف خوبی دارد' (This car has a good discount).
Mistake: Using wrong verb
Incorrect: من تخفیف کردم. (I did a discount.)
Correct: من تخفیف گرفتم. (I got a discount.)
Mistake: Confusing with 'Sale'
Incorrect: مغازه تخفیف است. (The shop is discount.)
Correct: مغازه حراج است. (The shop is on sale.)
Mistake: Pronunciation
Mispronouncing the 'kh' (خ) sound as a hard 'k' or an 'h', which can lead to misunderstanding.

لطفاً به من تخفیف بدهید، نه اینکه تخفیف کنید!

Please give me a discount, not 'do' a discount!
Culturally, mistakes are also common. Foreigners often assume that every single price in Iran is negotiable. While bargaining is widespread, trying to negotiate the price of a carton of milk in a modern chain supermarket (like Afogh Kourosh or Refah) will result in confusion and awkwardness. Prices in supermarkets, pharmacies, and chain stores are generally fixed and printed on the items (Consumer Price - قیمت مصرف کننده).

در سوپرمارکت‌های بزرگ کسی تخفیف نمی‌خواهد.

In large supermarkets, no one asks for a discount.
Another cultural faux pas is being overly aggressive or rude when asking for a lower price. Bargaining in Persian culture is a delicate social dance. It should be done with a smile, polite language, and a respectful tone. Demanding a lower price abruptly is considered impolite. Phrases like 'قابل شما را ندارد' (Ghabele shoma ra nadarad - It is not worthy of you / Be my guest) are often used by sellers during negotiations as a form of extreme politeness (Ta'arof), and learners sometimes mistakenly believe the item is actually free, rather than realizing it's just a preamble to discussing the final price. Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the preposition used to indicate the amount of the reduction. In English, we say 'a discount OF 10%'. In Persian, the 'of' is not directly translated. You simply place the percentage before the noun: 'ده درصد تخفیف' (dah darsad takhfif - ten percent discount). Using a preposition like 'از' (az - from) in this specific construction is incorrect.
Syntax Error
Incorrect: تخفیف از ده درصد.
Correct: ده درصد تخفیف.
Context Error
Asking for a lower price on government-regulated items like bread or fuel.
Tone Error
Sounding demanding rather than suggestive when initiating a negotiation.

او به اشتباه در داروخانه درخواست تخفیف کرد.

He mistakenly asked for a discount at the pharmacy.
By being aware of these grammatical pitfalls, syntactic differences, and cultural nuances, learners can use the word effectively and naturally, avoiding awkward situations and communicating like a native speaker.

To build a robust and nuanced vocabulary in Persian, it is essential to understand words that are similar to تخفیف, as well as those that belong to the same semantic field of commerce, shopping, and pricing. While this word is the most direct translation for 'discount', several other terms are used in specific contexts to convey related ideas. The most prominent of these is 'حراج' (haraj). While 'takhfif' refers to the reduction itself, 'haraj' translates more accurately to 'sale' or 'clearance'. When a store is having a massive end-of-season event where many items are reduced in price, the store is in a state of 'haraj'. You will see large signs in shop windows saying 'حراج تابستانه' (Summer Sale).

Another highly relevant term is 'کاهش قیمت' (kahesh-e gheimat), which literally translates to 'price reduction' or 'price decrease'. This is a more formal and economic term. You are more likely to hear this on the news when discussing inflation, market trends, or government policies regarding the cost of goods. It lacks the conversational and interactive nuance of our main word.
حراج (Haraj)
Sale, clearance. Used for store-wide events.
کاهش قیمت (Kahesh-e Gheimat)
Price reduction. Formal, used in economics and news.
پیشنهاد ویژه (Pishnahad-e Vizheh)
Special offer. Used in marketing and advertising.

مغازه حراج کرده است و همه چیز ارزان است.

The shop is having a sale and everything is cheap.
In the realm of marketing and modern retail, 'پیشنهاد ویژه' (pishnahad-e vizheh - special offer) is frequently used. This encompasses not just price reductions, but also deals like 'buy one get one free' or bundled packages. It is a broader term used to attract customers. Similarly, 'فروش فوق‌العاده' (foroosh-e fogholadeh - extraordinary sale) is a formal term often used by car manufacturers or large retailers to announce a period of discounted sales.

این لپ‌تاپ در پیشنهاد ویژه قرار دارد.

This laptop is on a special offer.
It is also crucial to know the vocabulary related to the act of negotiating. The verb phrase 'چانه زدن' (chaneh zadan) means 'to bargain' or 'to haggle'. This is the action you take in order to achieve the result of a lower price. A person who is good at this might be described as someone who 'خوب چانه می‌زند' (khoob chaneh mizanad - bargains well). When discussing prices, learners should also be familiar with 'ارزان' (arzan - cheap) and 'گران' (geran - expensive). A successful negotiation turns a 'geran' item into a more 'arzan' one. Furthermore, the term 'مقطوع' (maghtoo') is the antonym of negotiable; it means 'fixed' or 'final'. If a price is 'maghtoo'', it means no reductions will be given.
چانه زدن (Chaneh Zadan)
To bargain, haggle. The act of negotiating the price.
مقطوع (Maghtoo')
Fixed, final. Used for prices that cannot be negotiated.
ارزان (Arzan)
Cheap, inexpensive. The state of a low price.

قیمت این کالا مقطوع است و چانه نزنید.

The price of this item is fixed, do not bargain.
By integrating these related words into your vocabulary, you gain a comprehensive toolkit for navigating any commercial situation in Persian. You can distinguish between a store-wide sale, a specific price drop, a promotional offer, and the act of haggling itself, allowing for much more precise and natural communication.

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1

این تخفیف دارد؟

Does this have a discount?

Simple present tense of 'dashtan' (to have) used for asking about availability.

2

من تخفیف می‌خواهم.

I want a discount.

First person singular present tense of 'khastan' (to want).

3

بیست درصد تخفیف.

Twenty percent discount.

Noun phrase combining number, 'darsad' (percent), and the noun.

4

تخفیف بدهید.

Please give a discount.

Imperative form of the verb 'dadan' (to give).

5

کد تخفیف کجاست؟

Where is the discount code?

Question word 'koja' (where) with the verb 'ast' (is).

6

این کتاب تخفیف ندارد.

This book does not have a discount.

Negative present tense of 'dashtan' (to have).

7

تخفیف خوب است.

A discount is good.

Simple descriptive sentence using 'ast' (is).

8

قیمت با تخفیف چند است؟

How much is the price with the discount?

Preposition 'ba' (with) used to modify the condition of the price.

1

من از فروشنده تخفیف گرفتم.

I got a discount from the seller.

Past tense of the compound verb 'takhfif gereftan'.

2

لطفاً برای این کفش کمی تخفیف بدهید.

Please give a little discount for these shoes.

Use of 'lotfan' (please) and 'kami' (a little) to soften the request.

3

چون دانشجو هستم، تخفیف می‌گیرم.

Because I am a student, I get a discount.

Conjunction 'choon' (because) linking a reason to the action.

4

مغازه لباس‌فروشی امروز تخفیف دارد.

The clothing store has a discount today.

Adverb of time 'emrooz' (today) indicating a temporary state.

5

آیا شما به مشتریان قدیمی تخفیف می‌دهید؟

Do you give a discount to old customers?

Preposition 'be' (to) indicating the recipient of the action.

6

بدون تخفیف، این ماشین خیلی گران است.

Without a discount, this car is very expensive.

Preposition 'bedoon-e' (without) setting a condition.

7

ما در حراج زمستانه تخفیف‌های خوبی دیدیم.

We saw good discounts in the winter sale.

Plural form 'takhfif-ha' and adjective agreement with 'ezafe'.

8

کد تخفیف من کار نمی‌کند.

My discount code is not working.

Negative present continuous tense of 'kar kardan' (to work/function).

1

اگر دو عدد بخرم، آیا ده درصد تخفیف می‌دهید؟

If I buy two pieces, will you give a ten percent discount?

Conditional sentence using 'agar' (if) with present subjunctive.

2

من همیشه در بازار چانه می‌زنم تا تخفیف بگیرم.

I always bargain in the bazaar to get a discount.

Conjunction 'ta' (in order to) followed by the subjunctive mood.

3

فروشگاه اینترنتی برای خرید اول یک کد تخفیف فرستاد.

The online store sent a discount code for the first purchase.

Past tense narrative describing a specific event.

4

با وجود تخفیف زیاد، باز هم نتوانستم آن را بخرم.

Despite the large discount, I still couldn't buy it.

Use of 'ba vojoode' (despite) for contrast.

5

آنها به مناسبت سال نو، روی تمام اجناس تخفیف گذاشتند.

On the occasion of the New Year, they put a discount on all items.

Prepositional phrase 'be monasebat-e' (on the occasion of).

6

گرفتن تخفیف در سوپرمارکت‌های بزرگ معمول نیست.

Getting a discount in large supermarkets is not common.

Using the infinitive 'gereftan' as the subject of the sentence.

7

او آنقدر خوب صحبت کرد که فروشنده مجبور شد تخفیف بدهد.

He spoke so well that the seller was forced to give a discount.

Result clause using 'anghadr... ke' (so... that).

8

تخفیف‌های فصلی بهترین زمان برای خرید لباس هستند.

Seasonal discounts are the best time to buy clothes.

Plural subject with an adjective linked by 'ezafe'.

1

شرکت ما برای سفارش‌های عمده، تخفیف‌های پلکانی در نظر گرفته است.

Our company has considered tiered discounts for wholesale orders.

Advanced business vocabulary 'takhfif-haye pelkani' (tiered discounts).

2

ارائه تخفیف‌های غیرواقعی یکی از ترفندهای بازاریابی برای فریب مشتری است.

Offering fake discounts is one of the marketing tricks to deceive the customer.

Gerund phrase 'era'eh-ye takhfif' acting as the subject.

3

با اعمال این کد تخفیف، هزینه ارسال نیز رایگان محاسبه می‌شود.

By applying this discount code, the shipping cost is also calculated as free.

Passive voice 'mohasebeh mishavad' (is calculated).

4

مذاکرات طولانی بالاخره به نتیجه رسید و ما توانستیم تخفیف قابل توجهی بگیریم.

The long negotiations finally reached a conclusion and we were able to get a significant discount.

Complex sentence with multiple clauses and advanced adjectives.

5

سیاست‌های تخفیفی این فروشگاه باعث افزایش چشمگیر فروش در سه ماهه اخیر شد.

The discounting policies of this store caused a dramatic increase in sales in the recent quarter.

Causative structure using 'ba'es-e... shod' (caused).

6

در شرایط تورم، تخفیف‌های اندک تأثیر چندانی بر قدرت خرید مردم ندارد.

In inflation conditions, small discounts do not have much effect on people's purchasing power.

Prepositional phrase 'dar sharayet-e' (in conditions of).

7

مدیر فروش با درخواست تخفیف بیشتر مخالفت کرد زیرا حاشیه سود بسیار پایین بود.

The sales manager opposed the request for more discount because the profit margin was very low.

Use of 'mokhalefat kard' (opposed) with the preposition 'ba'.

8

آنها برای جلب رضایت مشتری ناراضی، یک کد تخفیف صد درصدی به او دادند.

To gain the satisfaction of the dissatisfied customer, they gave him a 100% discount code.

Infinitive phrase expressing purpose 'baray-e jalb-e rezayat'.

1

استراتژی قیمت‌گذاری نفوذی اغلب با ارائه تخفیف‌های تهاجمی در مراحل اولیه ورود به بازار همراه است.

Penetration pricing strategy is often accompanied by offering aggressive discounts in the initial stages of market entry.

Highly formal business terminology and complex sentence structure.

2

اتکای بیش از حد به تخفیف‌های مستمر می‌تواند در درازمدت به ارزش ویژه برند آسیب جدی وارد کند.

Over-reliance on continuous discounts can seriously damage brand equity in the long run.

Abstract concepts 'arzesh-e vizheh-ye brand' (brand equity) used as objects.

3

قاضی با در نظر گرفتن شرایط خاص متهم، حکم به تخفیف مجازات وی داد.

The judge, considering the special circumstances of the accused, ruled for the mitigation of his punishment.

Legal register using 'takhfif' in the sense of mitigation/reduction of penalty.

4

کمپین‌های تبلیغاتی مبتنی بر تخفیف، اگرچه در کوتاه‌مدت محرک تقاضا هستند، اما وفاداری مشتری را تضمین نمی‌کنند.

Discount-based advertising campaigns, although stimulating demand in the short term, do not guarantee customer loyalty.

Concessive clause using 'agarche' (although) with formal vocabulary.

5

در اقتصاد رفتاری، پدیده لنگر انداختن نشان می‌دهد که چگونه قیمت اولیه بالا، تخفیف بعدی را جذاب‌تر جلوه می‌دهد.

In behavioral economics, the anchoring phenomenon shows how a high initial price makes the subsequent discount appear more attractive.

Academic register discussing psychological and economic theories.

6

دولت برای حمایت از تولیدکنندگان داخلی، تخفیف‌های مالیاتی ویژه‌ای را در بودجه سال آینده لحاظ کرده است.

To support domestic producers, the government has included special tax discounts (exemptions) in next year's budget.

Macroeconomic context using 'takhfif-haye maliyati' (tax discounts/breaks).

7

مذاکره‌کننده ارشد با مهارتی مثال‌زدنی، بدون دادن هیچ‌گونه تخفیف قیمتی، قرارداد را نهایی کرد.

The chief negotiator, with exemplary skill, finalized the contract without giving any price discount.

Adverbial phrase 'ba maharati mesal-zadani' (with exemplary skill).

8

اعمال تخفیف‌های تبعیض‌آمیز میان مشتریان مختلف می‌تواند منجر به نارضایتی عمومی و از دست رفتن سهم بازار شود.

Applying discriminatory discounts among different customers can lead to public dissatisfaction and loss of market share.

Complex subject phrase 'a'mal-e takhfif-haye tab'iz-amiz' (applying discriminatory discounts).

1

استفاده ابزاری از مفهوم تخفیف در نظام سرمایه‌داری مدرن، توهمی از قدرت خرید را برای طبقه کارگر بازتولید می‌کند.

The instrumental use of the concept of discount in the modern capitalist system reproduces an illusion of purchasing power for the working class.

Philosophical and sociological critique using highly abstract academic language.

2

در متون فقهی و حقوقی کلاسیک، واژه تخفیف بار معنایی عمیقی در ارتباط با رافت اسلامی و تقلیل عقوبات تعزیری دارد.

In classical jurisprudential and legal texts, the word 'takhfif' carries a deep semantic weight in relation to Islamic clemency and the reduction of discretionary punishments.

Specialized historical and jurisprudential register.

3

آنچه در ظاهر به عنوان تخفیف به مصرف‌کننده عرضه می‌شود، در باطن چیزی جز بازتوزیع هزینه‌های پنهان تولید در زنجیره تامین نیست.

What is ostensibly offered to the consumer as a discount is intrinsically nothing but the redistribution of hidden production costs within the supply chain.

Advanced economic analysis using contrasting clauses (dar zaher / dar baten).

4

شاعر با ظرافتی بی‌نظیر، از استعاره تخفیف برای بیان کاسته شدن از رنج‌های بشری در سایه عشق بهره جسته است.

The poet, with unparalleled elegance, has utilized the metaphor of 'takhfif' to express the alleviation of human suffering in the shadow of love.

Literary critique register, analyzing metaphorical usage.

5

عطش سیری‌ناپذیر بازار برای تخفیف‌های نجومی، نشانگانی از یک اقتصاد بیمار و مبتلا به رکود تورمی مزمن است.

The market's insatiable thirst for astronomical discounts is symptomatic of an ailing economy afflicted by chronic stagflation.

Medical metaphors applied to economics ('neshangani az yek eghtesad-e bimar').

6

دیپلماسی اقتصادی موفق مستلزم آن است که امتیازات و تخفیف‌های تعرفه‌ای به صورت متقابل و با تضمین منافع ملی اعطا گردند.

Successful economic diplomacy requires that tariff concessions and discounts be granted reciprocally and with the guarantee of national interests.

Geopolitical and diplomatic register using 'takhfif-haye ta'refe-i' (tariff discounts).

7

فروپاشی ساختار قیمت‌گذاری سنتی در پی ظهور پلتفرم‌های واسطه‌گر، مفهوم تخفیف را از یک امتیاز استثنایی به یک حق بدیهی تقلیل داده است.

The collapse of the traditional pricing structure following the emergence of intermediary platforms has reduced the concept of discount from an exceptional privilege to a self-evident right.

Sociological analysis of technological impact on consumer behavior.

8

در نهایت، هرگونه تخفیف در اصول اخلاقی به بهانه مصلحت‌اندیشی‌های زودگذر، پایه‌های اعتماد اجتماعی را متزلزل خواهد ساخت.

Ultimately, any compromise (discounting) in ethical principles under the pretext of fleeting expediency will shake the foundations of social trust.

Metaphorical use of 'takhfif' meaning compromise or lessening of standards.

常见搭配

تخفیف ویژه
تخفیف دانشجویی
تخفیف دادن
تخفیف گرفتن
کد تخفیف
تخفیف فصلی
بدون تخفیف
تخفیف عمده
درصد تخفیف
تخفیف نقدی

常用短语

تخفیف دارد؟

میشه تخفیف بدید؟

با تخفیف چقدر میشه؟

تخفیف خوبی گرفتم.

قیمت بدون تخفیف.

کد تخفیف را وارد کنید.

شامل تخفیف نمی‌شود.

تخفیف به مناسبت عید.

درخواست تخفیف.

تخفیف پای معامله.

容易混淆的词

تخفیف vs حراج (Haraj - Sale/Clearance)

تخفیف vs ارزان (Arzan - Cheap)

تخفیف vs مفت (Moft - Free/Worthless)

习语与表达

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

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容易混淆

تخفیف vs

تخفیف vs

تخفیف vs

تخفیف vs

تخفیف vs

句型

如何使用

nuance

The cultural nuance lies in *how* you ask for it, not the word itself. Politeness is key.

formality

The word itself is neutral and can be used in any setting, from street markets to corporate boardrooms.

regional variation

Understood universally across Iran, Afghanistan (often pronounced slightly differently), and Tajikistan.

常见错误
  • Saying 'تخفیف کردن' (takhfif kardan) instead of 'تخفیف دادن/گرفتن'.

    Directly translating 'to make a discount' leads to using the wrong light verb in Persian.

  • Using 'تخفیف' as an adjective meaning 'cheap'.

    'Takhfif' is a noun referring to the reduction itself, not the state of being inexpensive.

  • Asking for a discount in fixed-price chain stores.

    It is a cultural faux pas to try and negotiate the price of groceries at a modern supermarket like Refah.

  • Putting the preposition 'از' (from) before the percentage.

    Persian syntax places the percentage directly before the noun without a preposition.

  • Confusing 'تخفیف' (discount) with 'حراج' (sale).

    A store has a 'haraj', during which you receive a 'takhfif'.

小贴士

Use the correct verbs

Always pair 'تخفیف' with 'دادن' (to give) or 'گرفتن' (to get). Avoid using 'کردن' (to do), which is a direct translation error from some other languages. Memorize 'تخفیف گرفتم' (I got a discount).

Smile when bargaining

Asking for a discount is a social interaction. Approach it with a smile and polite language. Being aggressive or demanding will likely make the seller less willing to lower the price.

Learn 'Darsad' (Percent)

To understand sales, you must know the word 'درصد' (darsad). Practice combining numbers with it, like 'ده درصد تخفیف' (10% discount) or 'پنجاه درصد تخفیف' (50% discount).

Search for Promo Codes

Before buying anything online in Iran (like on Digikala or Snapp), search Google for 'کد تخفیف' plus the name of the service. You can almost always find a valid code to save money.

Master the 'Kh' sound

The word has two 'خ' (kh) sounds. Practice making this sound from the back of your throat, like the Spanish 'j' or Scottish 'ch'. Mispronouncing it as 'k' sounds unnatural.

Know where NOT to ask

Do not ask for a discount in modern chain supermarkets, pharmacies, or government offices. Prices there are 'مقطوع' (fixed). Save your bargaining skills for the bazaar and independent shops.

The Ezafe is your friend

Use the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound) to link the word to its descriptor. For example, 'takhfif-e khoob' (a good discount) or 'kod-e takhfif' (discount code).

Listen for 'Ghaymat-e Akhar'

During negotiations, after discussing the discount, listen for 'قیمت آخر' (ghaymat-e akhar - final price). This is the absolute lowest the seller is willing to go.

Ta'arof comes first

When you ask for the price, the seller might say 'Ghabele nadareh' (It's nothing/free). This is Ta'arof. Insist on paying, ask for the price again, and *then* ask for the discount.

Recognize the Arabic Plural

In formal written texts or official company policies, you might see the plural form 'تخفیفات' (takhfifat). Recognize that this just means 'discounts' and is a formal alternative to 'تخفیف‌ها'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'TAKHing a FEE off'. TAKH-FEEF = Taking a fee off the price!

词源

Arabic

文化背景

Sellers might initially refuse payment entirely ('Ghabele nadareh'). This is Ta'arof. You must insist on paying, and then the real price negotiation begins.

Bargaining (chaneh zadan) is an art form. You start by asking 'Takhfif dareh?' and then negotiate.

The hunt for 'kod-e takhfif' (discount codes) is a massive part of modern Iranian internet culture, with dedicated websites aggregating these codes.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"ببخشید، این جنس تخفیف هم داره؟ (Excuse me, does this item have a discount?)"

"میشه برای این خرید یه کد تخفیف بهم بدید؟ (Can you give me a discount code for this purchase?)"

"تو این حراجی چقدر تخفیف گرفتی؟ (How much discount did you get in this sale?)"

"دانشجوها چقدر تخفیف دارن؟ (How much discount do students have?)"

"بدون تخفیف خیلی گرونه، راه نداره؟ (Without a discount it's very expensive, is there no way?)"

日记主题

Describe a time you successfully negotiated a 'takhfif' in a market.

Write about the difference between shopping in a bazaar with 'takhfif' versus a fixed-price supermarket.

Do you think 'kod-e takhfif' (promo codes) make people buy things they don't need? Explain.

Write a short dialogue between a tourist and a carpet seller negotiating a 'takhfif'.

How does the concept of 'takhfif' relate to the Arabic root meaning 'lightness'?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, it is not rude at all in traditional markets, bazaars, and small independent shops. In fact, it is expected and forms part of the social interaction of shopping. However, it is considered inappropriate to ask for a discount in chain supermarkets, pharmacies, or high-end branded boutiques where prices are fixed. Always assess the environment before asking. A polite smile and a friendly tone make the request perfectly acceptable.

'Takhfif' refers specifically to the reduction in price, the actual amount of money saved. 'Haraj' refers to a 'sale' or a 'clearance event' where many items in a store are reduced in price. You get a 'takhfif' during a 'haraj'. For example, you might say, 'Because the store was in haraj, I got a 50% takhfif.'

The phrase for discount code is 'کد تخفیف' (kod-e takhfif). This is extremely common in modern Iran due to the popularity of online shopping, ride-hailing apps, and food delivery services. You will often see a box labeled 'کد تخفیف' during the online checkout process.

The two essential verbs are 'دادن' (dadan - to give) and 'گرفتن' (gereftan - to get). If you are the seller, you 'takhfif midahid' (give a discount). If you are the buyer, you 'takhfif migirid' (get a discount). Never use the verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do) with this word.

You can ask 'چقدر تخفیف دارد؟' (Cheghadr takhfif darad? - How much discount does it have?). Alternatively, if you want to know the final price after the reduction, you can ask 'با تخفیف چقدر می‌شود؟' (Ba takhfif cheghadr mishavad? - How much does it become with the discount?).

Yes, student discounts are very common. The term is 'تخفیف دانشجویی' (takhfif-e daneshjooyi). You can often find these at cinemas, museums, public transportation, and sometimes in cafes or bookstores. You will usually need to show a valid university ID card to claim it.

'تخفیف ویژه' (takhfif-e vizheh) translates to 'special discount'. It is a common marketing phrase used on shop windows, billboards, and online advertisements to attract customers. It implies that the price reduction is larger or more exclusive than usual.

Yes, but it is more advanced. In legal contexts, 'تخفیف مجازات' (takhfif-e mojazaat) means a reduction or mitigation of a punishment. However, for everyday conversation and beginner to intermediate learners, its use is almost exclusively related to commerce and prices.

In Persian, the percentage comes before the word. You write '۲۰ درصد تخفیف' (bist darsad takhfif). The word 'درصد' (darsad) means percent. You will see this format everywhere during sale seasons.

If a seller says 'تخفیف ندارد' (takhfif nadareh), it means 'it has no discount' or the price is fixed. You can either accept the price and buy it, or politely say 'خیلی ممنون' (thank you very much) and leave the store to look elsewhere.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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