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A2 verb #2,200 最常用 7分钟阅读

病気になる

byouki ni naru
At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'byouki' as the word for 'sick' and 'naru' as 'to become.' The focus is on the simplest form: 'Byouki ni narimasu' (I will get sick) or 'Byouki ni narimashita' (I got sick). Students at this level use it to explain why they can't come to class or why they are staying home. The grammar is kept to basic present and past polite forms. It is one of the first 'noun + ni + naru' constructions they learn, serving as a template for other changes like 'sensei ni naru' (become a teacher).
At the A2 level, students expand their usage to include simple reasons and conditions. They can use 'kara' (because) to say 'Byouki ni natta kara, yasumimasu' (Because I got sick, I will rest). They also start using the '-te' form to connect ideas, such as 'Byouki ni natte, byouin ni ikimashita' (I got sick and went to the hospital). The focus is on daily life communication and being able to describe basic health status to friends or colleagues using both polite and casual forms.
B1 learners use 'byouki ni naru' in more complex grammatical structures, such as conditionals ('nattara', 'naru to') and expressing probability ('naru kamoshirenai'). They can discuss prevention and health more deeply, using phrases like 'byouki ni naranai you ni' (in order not to get sick). They also begin to distinguish between 'byouki ni naru' and 'taichou o kuzusu' depending on the formality of the situation. They can describe the process of falling ill and the subsequent recovery in a narrative format.
At the B2 level, the phrase is used within more nuanced discussions about health systems, lifestyle choices, and societal issues. Learners can use it in the passive or causative forms if the context allows, though 'byouki ni naru' itself is intransitive. They understand the metaphorical use of 'byouki' in expressions like 'koi no byouki' (lovesickness). They can also use formal nominalized versions in writing, such as 'byouki ni naru koto wa...' (The act of getting sick is...).
C1 learners understand the subtle implications of using 'byouki ni naru' versus more clinical or literary terms. They can use it in complex argumentative contexts, discussing the psychological aspects of 'becoming' sick or the sociological impact of widespread illness. They are comfortable with all honorific variations, such as 'o-byouki ni narareru' (honorific form used for someone of higher status). Their usage is fluid, incorporating it into high-level discourse without hesitation.
At the C2 level, the phrase is a tool for precise expression. The learner can manipulate the phrase to suit highly specific rhetorical needs, perhaps using it in philosophical discussions about the nature of health and illness. They are aware of archaic or highly specialized variations and can interpret the phrase within the broadest possible cultural and historical context. The distinction between 'becoming' and 'being' is used to convey deep existential or medical nuances.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

病気になる 30秒了解

  • General term for getting sick.
  • Uses the verb 'naru' (to become).
  • Requires the particle 'ni'.
  • Essential for explaining absences.

The phrase 病気になる (byouki ni naru) is a fundamental Japanese expression that translates to 'to get sick' or 'to become ill.' At its core, it describes a transition from a state of health to a state of illness. The word consists of byouki (illness/sickness) and the verb naru (to become), linked by the particle ni which indicates the result of a change. This expression is versatile, covering everything from a minor cold to a serious long-term condition. Unlike English, where we often say 'I am sick,' Japanese speakers frequently use the past tense 病気になった to describe their current state of being ill, emphasizing that the change has already occurred.

Grammatical Composition
The noun 病気 (illness) + the particle に (target/result) + the intransitive verb なる (to become).
Semantic Range
It functions as a general umbrella term. While 'kaze o hiku' is specific to catching a cold, 'byouki ni naru' can refer to any medical ailment.
Temporal Aspect
It focuses on the onset of the illness rather than the duration of the symptoms themselves.

「無理をすると、病気になるよ。」

— If you overdo it, you will get sick.

In a clinical or formal setting, you might hear more specific terms, but in daily life, this is the go-to phrase. It is important to note that naru implies a natural progression or a result of circumstances. When you use this phrase, you are highlighting the change in your physical condition. For example, if you are discussing why someone is absent from work, you would say byouki ni narimashita (they became sick). This phrasing is polite and objective.

「彼は先週から病気になっています。」

— He has been sick since last week (is in the state of having become sick).

Furthermore, the phrase can be used metaphorically in some contexts, though it is primarily physical. If you want to emphasize the suddenness, you might add adverbs like 急に (kyuu ni - suddenly). The breadth of this term makes it one of the most essential phrases for any A2 level learner to master, as it forms the basis for discussing health, absences, and personal well-being. Understanding the nuance of 'becoming' versus 'being' is key to sounding natural in Japanese conversation.

「海外旅行中に病気になったら大変です。」

— It would be serious if you got sick while traveling abroad.

「最近、病気になりやすいです。」

— Recently, I am prone to getting sick.

「病気にならないように気をつけてください。」

— Please take care so as not to get sick.

Using 病気になる correctly involves understanding its conjugation and the particles that accompany it. Since naru is a Group 1 (u-verb), it follows standard conjugation patterns. In polite conversation, you will use 病気になります (byouki ni narimasu). In casual settings, 病気になる is appropriate. When describing a past event, such as why you missed a party, you would use 病気になりました (polite) or 病気になった (casual).

Conjugation Table
Present: 病気になる / 病気になります
Past: 病気になった / 病気になりました
Negative: 病気にならない / 病気になりません
Te-form: 病気になって / 病気になりまして
Particle Usage
The particle に is mandatory. It marks the destination of the change. You cannot use 'o' or 'ga' in this specific structure to mean 'to get sick.'

When you want to express a continuous state (I am currently sick), you use the -te iru form: 病気になっています. This literally means 'I have become sick and am currently in that state.' This is a very common way to answer the question 'How are you?' if you are feeling unwell. Another useful construction is 病気になりたくない (I don't want to get sick), which is perfect for talking about health habits like washing hands or taking vitamins.

In more complex sentences, you might use it with conditional forms. For example, 病気になったら、病院へ行きます (If I get sick, I will go to the hospital). Here, the -tara form is used to set a condition. You can also use it with potential forms to describe susceptibility: 病気になりやすい (easy to get sick / prone to illness) or 病気になりにくい (hard to get sick / resilient).

You will encounter 病気になる in a wide variety of social contexts. In the workplace, it is the standard way to explain an absence. If a colleague is missing, someone might say, 「〇〇さんは病気になって、今日はお休みです」 (Mr./Ms. XX got sick and is off today). It is professional yet clear. In schools, teachers use it to discuss health and hygiene with students, often emphasizing prevention: 「手洗いをしないと、病気になりますよ」 (If you don't wash your hands, you'll get sick).

In a medical setting, while doctors might use specific disease names (like infuruenza), they will use byouki ni naru when discussing the general onset of symptoms or medical history. For instance, a doctor might ask, 「いつから病気になりましたか？」 (Since when did you become ill?). It is also a staple of news reports and health documentaries when discussing public health trends or the effects of environmental factors on the population.

Socially, friends use it to express concern. If you look pale, a friend might ask, 「病気になったの？」 (Did you get sick?). It's a phrase that carries a level of empathy. In literature and media, it's often used to drive a plot—a character getting sick is a common trope to create tension or a turning point in a story. Because health is a universal human concern, this phrase is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, from casual chats to formal announcements.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 病気になる with 風邪をひく (kaze o hiku). While both involve being unwell, kaze o hiku specifically means 'to catch a cold.' If you have a broken leg or a chronic condition, you cannot use kaze o hiku, but you can use byouki ni naru. Another mistake is using the wrong particle. As mentioned, byouki o naru is grammatically incorrect because naru is an intransitive verb. Always use ni.

Learners also often struggle with the distinction between byouki (the noun) and byouki ni naru (the verb phrase). You cannot say 'I am sick' as just 'Watashi wa byouki desu' in all contexts; while grammatically correct, it can sometimes sound like you have a permanent or very serious disease. To say you've 'come down with something' recently, byouki ni narimashita is much more natural.

Finally, avoid overusing the phrase when you just have a specific pain. If your head hurts, say atama ga itai (my head is painful). Using byouki ni naru for a simple headache might sound overly dramatic to a native speaker, as it implies a more systemic illness rather than a localized sensation. Use it for general malaise or when the cause of the feeling is an actual sickness.

There are several synonyms and related expressions that vary in formality and specificity. 体調を崩す (taichou o kuzusu) is a very common, slightly more formal way to say 'to fall ill' or 'to lose one's physical balance.' It is often used in business contexts to sound more professional. While byouki ni naru sounds like a medical fact, taichou o kuzusu sounds like a temporary dip in health due to overwork or weather changes.

Another related term is 具合が悪くなる (guai ga waruku naru), which means 'to start feeling unwell.' This is used at the very moment you begin to feel sick. If you are in a meeting and suddenly feel dizzy, you would say guai ga waruku narimashita. For more serious or chronic conditions, the verb 患う (wazurau) is used, though this is much more advanced (N1 level). It implies suffering from a specific, often long-term illness.

In casual speech, you might hear やられる (yarareru), which literally means 'to be done in.' For example, kaze ni yarareta means 'I got done in by a cold.' This is very informal. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the right word for the right situation, moving beyond the basic A2 level and towards more natural, fluent Japanese communication.

How Formal Is It?

正式

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难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

病気になりました。

I got sick.

Past polite form of naru.

2

病気になりますか？

Will you get sick?

Question form.

3

私は病気になりません。

I don't get sick.

Negative polite form.

4

昨日、病気になりました。

Yesterday, I got sick.

Time adverb + past tense.

5

病気にならないでください。

Please don't get sick.

Negative request form.

6

田中さんは病気です。

Mr. Tanaka is sick.

Noun + desu (state).

7

病気になりたいですか？

Do you want to get sick?

Tai-form (desire).

8

あ、病気になった！

Oh, I got sick!

Casual past form.

1

病気になったから、学校を休みます。

Because I got sick, I will be absent from school.

Using 'kara' for reason.

2

冬は病気になりやすいです。

It is easy to get sick in winter.

Stem + yasui (easy to...).

3

病気になって、病院へ行きました。

I got sick and went to the hospital.

Te-form for sequence.

4

病気にならないように、野菜を食べます。

I eat vegetables so that I don't get sick.

You ni (in order to).

5

彼は急に病気になりました。

He suddenly got sick.

Adverb 'kyuu ni'.

6

病気になったら、どうしますか？

What will you do if you get sick?

Tara-form (conditional).

7

あまり病気になりたくないです。

I don't really want to get sick.

Negative desire form.

8

妹が病気になって心配です。

My sister got sick, and I'm worried.

Te-form for cause/reason.

1

病気になると、健康の大切さがわかります。

When you get sick, you realize the importance of health.

Dictionary form + to (natural consequence).

2

無理をすると病気になるかもしれません。

If you overwork, you might get sick.

Kamoshirenai (might).

3

病気にならないための方法を教えてください。

Please tell me ways to avoid getting sick.

Tame no (for the purpose of).

4

最近、病気になる人が増えています。

Recently, the number of people getting sick is increasing.

Relative clause + noun.

5

病気になったとき、誰が助けてくれましたか？

When you got sick, who helped you?

Toki (when) + kureru (favor).

6

病気にならない自信があります。

I am confident that I won't get sick.

Noun clause as object of confidence.

7

彼は病気になったふりをしています。

He is pretending to be sick.

Furi o suru (to pretend).

8

病気にならないはずだったのに。

I wasn't supposed to get sick, but...

Hazu (expectation) + noni (despite).

1

ストレスが原因で病気になることがあります。

There are cases where people get sick due to stress.

Koto ga aru (there are times/cases).

2

病気になったせいで、旅行に行けませんでした。

Because I got sick, I couldn't go on the trip.

Sei de (negative cause).

3

病気になる前に、予防接種を受けましょう。

Let's get vaccinated before we get sick.

Mae ni (before).

4

彼は病気になりがちな体質です。

He has a constitution that is prone to getting sick.

Gachi (tendency).

5

病気になったとしても、仕事は休みません。

Even if I get sick, I won't take time off work.

To shite mo (even if).

6

不規則な生活を続けていると、いつか病気になりますよ。

If you keep living an irregular lifestyle, you'll get sick someday.

Te-iru to (if you keep doing).

7

病気にならない体作りが大切です。

Building a body that doesn't get sick is important.

Noun modification with negative verb.

8

一度病気になると、回復するのに時間がかかります。

Once you get sick, it takes time to recover.

Non ni (in order to/for the purpose of).

1

精神的な要因で病気になることも少なくありません。

It is not uncommon to fall ill due to psychological factors.

Sukunaku nai (not a few/common).

2

社長がお病気になられたと伺いました。

I heard that the company president has fallen ill.

Sonkeigo (honorific) form.

3

病気になったからといって、絶望する必要はありません。

Just because you got sick doesn't mean you need to despair.

Kara to itte (just because).

4

環境汚染によって多くの人々が病気になっている。

Many people are getting sick due to environmental pollution.

Ni yotte (due to/by).

5

病気になるリスクを最小限に抑えるべきだ。

We should minimize the risk of getting sick.

Beki da (should).

6

彼は病気になったのをきっかけに、生活習慣を改めた。

He improved his lifestyle habits after getting sick.

O kikkake ni (taking as an opportunity).

7

病気になりさえしなければ、何でもできる。

As long as I don't get sick, I can do anything.

Sae...ba (as long as).

8

その土地の気候に慣れず、病気になってしまった。

I couldn't get used to the climate of that land and ended up getting sick.

Shimau (unfortunate completion).

1

病気になるという事象を、哲学的な視点から考察する。

We will consider the phenomenon of 'becoming sick' from a philosophical perspective.

To iu jishou (the phenomenon called...).

2

社会全体が病気になっていると言っても過言ではない。

It is no exaggeration to say that society as a whole is becoming sick.

To itte mo kagon de wa nai (no exaggeration to say).

3

病気にならざるを得ない状況に追い込まれた。

I was forced into a situation where I couldn't help but get sick.

Zaru o enai (cannot help but).

4

近代化の代償として、人々は新たな病気になるようになった。

As a price for modernization, people have come to suffer from new illnesses.

You ni naru (come to be).

5

病気になる可能性を完全に排除することは不可能だ。

It is impossible to completely eliminate the possibility of getting sick.

Kanousei o haijo suru (eliminate possibility).

6

彼が病気になったことは、組織にとって大きな痛手となった。

The fact that he fell ill became a major blow to the organization.

Koto (nominalization) + itade (blow/wound).

7

病気になってもなお、彼は研究を続けた。

Even after getting sick, he still continued his research.

Te mo nao (even still).

8

病気になるという経験が、彼の文学に深みを与えた。

The experience of falling ill gave depth to his literature.

Taiken (experience) + fukami (depth).

常见搭配

急に病気になる (suddenly get sick)
重い病気になる (get a serious illness)
精神的な病気になる (get a mental illness)
海外で病気になる (get sick abroad)
病気になりやすい人 (person prone to sickness)
病気にならない体 (body that doesn't get sick)
ストレスで病気になる (get sick from stress)
不摂生で病気になる (get sick from poor health habits)
流行の病気になる (get a trending/epidemic illness)
病気になるリスク (risk of getting sick)

常用短语

病気になったら教えてください (Let me know if you get sick)

病気にならないように気をつけて (Take care not to get sick)

最近よく病気になる (I get sick often lately)

病気になったことがありますか？ (Have you ever been sick?)

病気になりたくない (I don't want to get sick)

病気になった理由 (The reason I got sick)

病気になった時の食事 (Food for when you are sick)

病気になりかけている (I'm starting to get sick)

病気になったおかげで (Thanks to getting sick - ironic/positive outcome)

病気になったふり (Pretending to be sick)

容易混淆的词

病気になる vs 風邪をひく (Specific to colds)

病気になる vs 怪我をする (Specific to injuries)

病気になる vs 気分が悪い (Feeling nauseous/unwell temporarily)

习语与表达

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容易混淆

病気になる vs 病気 (Byouki)

The noun 'illness'.

病気になる vs 病院 (Byouin)

The noun 'hospital'.

病気になる vs 病人 (Byounin)

The noun 'sick person'.

病気になる vs 病 (Yamai)

A more poetic/literary word for illness.

病気になる vs 患う (Wazurau)

A formal verb for suffering from an illness.

句型

如何使用

nuance

Implies a change of state.

formality

Neutral, suitable for most situations.

common collocation

Often used with 'kyuu ni' (suddenly).

常见错误
  • Using 'o' instead of 'ni' (Byouki o naru).
  • Using 'byouki ni naru' for a simple cut or bruise.
  • Forgetting to use past tense when describing a current illness.
  • Confusing 'byouki' (illness) with 'byouin' (hospital).
  • Using 'byouki ni naru' in a very formal business letter where 'taichou o kuzusu' is expected.

小贴士

Particle 'Ni'

Always pair 'byouki' with 'ni' when using 'naru'. This is a non-negotiable rule for this phrase.

Past Tense

When you are currently sick, you often use the past tense 'natta' because the act of 'becoming' is finished.

Specifics

If you know it's a cold, 'kaze o hiku' is more natural than the general 'byouki ni naru'.

Apologizing

In Japan, it's polite to apologize for getting sick if it affects others, using 'Byouki ni natte sumimasen'.

Kanji

Practice the kanji for 'Byouki' (病気). The 'sickness' radical (疒) is used in many health-related words.

Naru vs Nasu

Don't confuse 'naru' (become) with 'nasu' (to do/make). 'Byouki ni naru' is something that happens to you.

Intonation

Keep the pitch flat for 'byouki' and drop slightly on 'naru' for a natural standard accent.

Self-Care

Mentioning you 'became sick' often prompts advice about 'omizu' (water) and 'suimin' (sleep) from Japanese friends.

Honorifics

For superiors, use 'o-byouki' and the honorific verb 'narareru' to show proper respect.

Energy Change

Think of 'Byouki' as 'Broken Energy'. 'Naru' is the change. Broken energy happens.

记住它

视觉联想

Imagine a battery (Ki) with a crack in it (Byou) turning into a sad face (Naru).

词源

文化背景

Calling in sick is serious; 'byouki ni narimashita' is a formal declaration of inability to work.

Wearing a mask is the first thing people do when they feel they are 'byouki ni narisou' (about to get sick).

The term 'kisetsu no kawarime' (change of seasons) is always linked with 'byouki ni naru'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"最近、病気になったことはありますか？ (Have you been sick lately?)"

"病気にならないために、何をしていますか？ (What do you do to avoid getting sick?)"

"海外で病気になったら、どうしますか？ (What would you do if you got sick abroad?)"

"家族が病気になったとき、どうやって助けますか？ (How do you help when a family member gets sick?)"

"子供の頃、よく病気になりましたか？ (Did you get sick often as a child?)"

日记主题

最後に病気になった時のことを書いてください。 (Write about the last time you got sick.)

病気にならないための私の健康習慣。 (My health habits to avoid getting sick.)

もし明日病気になったら、何をしますか？ (If you got sick tomorrow, what would you do?)

日本の病院で病気になった経験。 (Experience of being sick in a Japanese hospital.)

病気になった時に食べたいもの。 (Things I want to eat when I'm sick.)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, 'naru' is an intransitive verb and requires the particle 'ni' to show the result of the change. 'Byouki o naru' is grammatically incorrect.

'Byouki desu' means 'I am sick' (current state), while 'Byouki ni narimashita' means 'I became sick' (focusing on the change). Usually, the latter is used to explain the onset.

Yes, it is a neutral expression. To make it polite, use 'Byouki ni narimasu'. For very formal situations, 'Taichou o kuzusu' is preferred.

Generally, no. For injuries, use 'kega o suru' (to get injured). 'Byouki' refers to internal illnesses or diseases.

You say 'Byouki ni nari yasui desu'. The '~yasui' suffix added to the verb stem 'nari' means 'easy to'.

Yes, you can say 'Seishin-teki na byouki ni naru' to mean getting a mental illness.

It is a casual, contracted form of 'Byouki ni natte shimatta', which expresses regret or that the sickness was unintentional and unfortunate.

Yes, for example, 'Kenkou ni naru' (become healthy) or 'Genki ni naru' (become well).

Use the negative desire form: 'Byouki ni naritaku nai desu'.

Yes, you can say 'Inu ga byouki ni narimashita' (The dog got sick).

自我测试 21 个问题

/ 21 correct

Perfect score!

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