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A2 adjective #1,800 最常用 11分钟阅读

急な

kyuu na 前1,800

At the A1 beginner level, you should focus on the most basic and common meaning of 急な (kyuu na), which is 'sudden'. When you are just starting to learn Japanese, you will often want to describe things that happen unexpectedly. The most frequent way you will use this is as an adverb, 急に (kyuu ni), meaning 'suddenly'. For example, if it suddenly starts raining, you can say '急に雨が降りました' (Kyuu ni ame ga furimashita). Or if a child suddenly starts crying, '子供が急に泣きました' (Kodomo ga kyuu ni nakimashita). It is very important to remember that to use it this way, you must change the 'na' to 'ni'. If you want to use it before a noun, keep the 'na'. For instance, '急な雨' (kyuu na ame) means 'sudden rain'. At this level, do not worry too much about the other meanings like 'steep' or 'urgent'. Just practice using it to describe unexpected events in your daily life. Remember that it is a na-adjective, so it follows the same rules as words like 'kirei na' or 'shizuka na'. Practice making simple sentences about the weather or people's actions changing suddenly. This will give you a solid foundation for more complex uses later on. Always associate it with the feeling of surprise when something happens without warning.

At the A2 elementary level, you are ready to expand your understanding of 急な (kyuu na) to include its second major meaning: 'urgent'. You already know how to use it for 'sudden' events, but now you can use it to talk about your schedule and daily life. A very common phrase you must learn is '急な用事' (kyuu na youji), which means 'urgent business' or 'a sudden errand'. If you need to cancel plans with a friend, you can say '急な用事ができました' (Kyuu na youji ga dekimashita - Urgent business has come up). This is a very natural and polite way to explain why you cannot attend something. You should also start noticing its use in physical descriptions, specifically 'steep'. If you are walking and see a steep hill, you can say '急な坂ですね' (Kyuu na saka desu ne - It's a steep hill, isn't it?). At this stage, you should be comfortable conjugating it as a na-adjective. Practice using it at the end of a sentence: 'この坂は急です' (Kono saka wa kyuu desu - This hill is steep). By mastering these three core meanings—sudden, urgent, and steep—you will significantly improve your ability to describe the world around you and manage your social interactions in Japanese.

At the B1 intermediate level, your use of 急な (kyuu na) should become more nuanced and integrated into complex sentence structures. You should be comfortable using it in professional or semi-formal contexts. For example, in a business setting, you might need to apologize for a sudden change in plans: '急な変更で申し訳ありません' (Kyuu na henkou de moushiwake arimasen - I apologize for the sudden change). You should also understand how to use it with verbs of change, like 'なる' (naru - to become). '道が急になる' (Michi ga kyuu ni naru) means 'the road becomes steep'. Furthermore, you should start distinguishing it from similar words. Understand the difference between '急に' (kyuu ni - suddenly) and '突然' (totsuzen - suddenly/abruptly). While they are often interchangeable, '突然' has a slightly more formal or dramatic tone. You should also be aware of the verb form '急ぐ' (isogu - to hurry) and ensure you do not confuse the adjective with the verb. At this level, you can read weather reports and understand warnings about '急な天候の変化' (kyuu na tenkou no henka - sudden changes in weather). Your goal is to use the word fluidly across its various meanings without hesitation, adapting to the context seamlessly.

At the B2 upper-intermediate level, you are expected to handle 急な (kyuu na) with native-like intuition, applying it to abstract concepts and advanced social situations. You should be able to express complex apologies or requests using this word. For instance, '急なお願いで恐縮ですが...' (Kyuu na onegai de kyoushuku desu ga... - I am terribly sorry for the sudden request, but...) is a crucial phrase for business emails and formal conversations. You should also recognize its use in compound nouns or idiomatic expressions, though it mostly remains a standalone adjective. Understand the subtle differences between '急な' and words like 'いきなり' (ikinari - abruptly/without warning) or 'にわか' (niwaka - sudden/temporary, as in niwaka-ame). You should be comfortable discussing geographical features in detail, using '急な勾配' (kyuu na koubai - steep gradient) instead of just '急な坂'. In reading comprehension, you will encounter this word in news articles discussing sudden economic shifts (急な円高 - sudden appreciation of the yen) or sudden political changes. Your mastery at this level involves not just knowing the meanings, but understanding the appropriate register and collocations, ensuring your Japanese sounds sophisticated and contextually appropriate.

At the C1 advanced level, your comprehension and application of 急な (kyuu na) must be flawless, encompassing a deep understanding of its etymology, precise collocations, and stylistic variations. You should easily navigate high-level texts, such as academic papers, literature, and advanced news reports, where the concept of suddenness or steepness is expressed. While 急な is a relatively common word, at the C1 level, you should know exactly when to elevate your vocabulary. For instance, instead of just using 急な for an emergency, you might use '緊急の' (kinkyuu no) or '至急の' (shikyuu no) depending on the exact nuance of urgency required. You should understand how the kanji 急 functions in various jukugo (compound words) like 急増 (kyuuzou - sudden increase), 急落 (kyuuraku - sudden drop), or 急行 (kyuukou - express train), recognizing that the core meaning of 'sudden/fast/urgent' permeates all these terms. Your spoken Japanese should seamlessly incorporate '急な' in complex, multi-clause sentences, perfectly balancing politeness and clarity when dealing with unexpected situations in high-stakes environments. You should also be able to explain the nuances of this word to lower-level learners, demonstrating a comprehensive grasp of its grammatical and semantic boundaries.

At the C2 mastery level, your command of 急な (kyuu na) is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You possess an intuitive grasp of its rhythmic and rhetorical applications in both spoken and written Japanese. You can effortlessly employ it in literary contexts, understanding how authors use '急な' to build tension or describe dramatic shifts in narrative pacing. You are fully aware of the historical and cultural contexts of the word, perhaps recognizing its usage in classical literature or traditional idioms. At this level, you are not just choosing between '急な' and its synonyms; you are manipulating the language to create specific emotional or psychological effects. You can engage in deep linguistic discussions about the semantic drift of the kanji 急 and how its modern usage reflects societal attitudes towards time and urgency in Japan. Your writing, whether it be professional reports, creative essays, or academic treatises, utilizes '急な' and its related compounds with absolute precision, contributing to a prose style that is both elegant and authoritative. You understand every microscopic shade of meaning, from a sudden realization (急な気付き) to a precipitous societal decline, using the word as a versatile tool in your extensive linguistic arsenal.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

急な 30秒了解

Sudden or unexpected event
Urgent or pressing matter
Steep or sharp incline
Na-adjective grammar rules

The Japanese na-adjective 急な (kyuu na) is an incredibly versatile and frequently used word that encompasses three primary meanings depending entirely on the context in which it is used: sudden or unexpected, urgent or pressing, and steep or sharp. Understanding these three distinct applications is crucial for mastering everyday Japanese communication, as you will encounter this word in weather forecasts, business environments, and geographical descriptions alike. First and foremost, 急な often describes something that happens without warning, catching people off guard. This temporal aspect of the word is perhaps its most common usage in daily life. For instance, when the weather changes abruptly, you might experience a sudden downpour.

午後になって急な雨が降ってきた。

In this context, the word conveys the unexpected nature of the event.

Temporal Meaning: Refers to events occurring abruptly, such as sudden illnesses, sudden changes in plans, or sudden weather phenomena. It highlights the lack of preparation time.

The second major meaning of 急な relates to urgency. When a situation requires immediate attention or action, this adjective is employed to express that pressing need. In business or personal scheduling, you will frequently hear this when someone has to cancel plans or call an impromptu meeting.

急な用事が入ってしまい、行けなくなりました。

Here, the speaker is apologizing for an urgent matter that has suddenly arisen.

Situational Urgency: Describes tasks, business, or matters that cannot wait and must be dealt with immediately, often disrupting existing plans or schedules.

The third distinct meaning is spatial or physical, describing an angle or incline that is steep, sharp, or precipitous. This is commonly used when talking about roads, mountains, stairs, or even curves in a path.

この先には急な坂があります。

When driving in Japan, you will often see warning signs for steep hills or sharp curves using this exact terminology.

Spatial Meaning: Indicates a severe gradient or a sharp turn, used for physical landscapes like hills, stairs, and roads to warn of potential difficulty or danger.

運転手は急なカーブでスピードを落とした。

Notice how the word adapts seamlessly to the noun it modifies. A sudden rain (急な雨), an urgent business matter (急な用事), and a sharp curve (急なカーブ) all utilize the exact same adjective, yet native speakers instantly understand which meaning is intended based entirely on the modified noun. This makes 急な a high-value vocabulary word for learners, as mastering it unlocks the ability to express a wide variety of concepts with a single term.

急な知らせに驚いた。

By recognizing these three pillars of meaning—suddenness, urgency, and steepness—you will be well-equipped to comprehend and utilize this essential Japanese word in almost any context you encounter.

Grammatically, 急な (kyuu na) functions as a standard na-adjective (形容動詞 - keiyoudoushi) in Japanese. This means that its conjugation and usage follow the typical rules for this class of words, which is essential to master for fluent communication. When you want to use it to directly modify a noun, you must append the particle な (na) to the stem 急 (kyuu). This creates the form 急な, which is then placed immediately before the noun it describes. For example, if you want to say 'a sudden illness', you combine 急 (kyuu), な (na), and 病気 (byouki) to form 急な病気 (kyuu na byouki).

急な階段を上る。

This structure is non-negotiable when acting as a pre-noun modifier.

Modifying Nouns: Always use the 'na' suffix when placing the adjective before a noun. Example: 急な変更 (sudden change).

However, the versatility of this word extends far beyond simple noun modification. When you want to use it as an adverb to describe an action—meaning 'suddenly', 'abruptly', or 'urgently'—you must change the な (na) to に (ni). This transforms the adjective into the adverbial form 急に (kyuu ni).

子供が急に泣き出した。

In this sentence, the child started crying suddenly. The adverb modifies the verb phrase 泣き出した (started crying).

Adverbial Usage: Change 'na' to 'ni' to modify verbs. This is extremely common in storytelling and daily conversation to indicate unexpected actions.

Furthermore, when using the word as the predicate of a sentence (at the end of the sentence), you conjugate it using the copula だ (da) for casual speech or です (desu) for polite speech.

話がとても急だ。

This means 'The story/matter is very sudden.' To make it negative, you would say 急ではない (kyuu de wa nai) or 急じゃない (kyuu ja nai) in casual contexts, and 急ではありません (kyuu de wa arimasen) in polite contexts.

Predicative Usage: Use 'da' or 'desu' when the adjective completes the sentence. Example: この坂は急です (This hill is steep).

天候が急に悪化した。

Another important grammatical structure involves the verb なる (naru), meaning 'to become'. When you want to say that something 'became steep' or 'became urgent', you use the adverbial form with naru: 急になる (kyuu ni naru).

道がここから急になります。

Mastering these conjugation patterns—急な for nouns, 急に for verbs, and 急だ/です for predicates—will give you complete control over this essential vocabulary word, allowing you to express suddenness, urgency, and steepness with native-like fluency.

Because of its triple meaning, 急な (kyuu na) is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, appearing in a vast array of contexts ranging from casual conversations among friends to formal business communications and public safety announcements. One of the most common places you will encounter this word is in weather forecasts and news reports. Japan experiences highly variable weather, particularly during the summer typhoon season and the rainy season (tsuyu). Meteorologists frequently use phrases like 急な雨 (sudden rain), 急な天候の変化 (sudden change in weather), or 急な雷雨 (sudden thunderstorm) to warn the public.

急な突風にご注意ください。

Weather Forecasts: Used extensively to describe abrupt meteorological phenomena, warning citizens to be prepared for unexpected rain, wind, or temperature drops.

In the business world, the word takes on its meaning of urgency and unexpected scheduling changes. Japanese corporate culture places a high value on punctuality and adherence to schedules, so when something disrupts these plans, it is often described using this adjective. You will hear colleagues apologizing for 急な会議 (an urgent/sudden meeting), 急な出張 (a sudden business trip), or 急なお願い (a sudden request).

急な変更で申し訳ありません。

This is a standard polite apology when you must alter a plan at the last minute.

Business Contexts: Employed to soften the blow of sudden requests or schedule changes, often paired with apologies to maintain harmonious professional relationships.

Another highly visible context is in transportation and driving. Japan's mountainous terrain means that roads and railways often navigate difficult landscapes. Road signs frequently warn drivers of 急なカーブ (sharp curves) or 急な坂 (steep hills). Furthermore, public transportation announcements on buses and trains constantly remind passengers to hold onto handrails because the vehicle might make a sudden stop, known as 急停車 (kyuuteisha) or applying sudden brakes, 急ブレーキ (kyuu bureeki).

バスが急なブレーキをかけることがあります。

Transportation Safety: Crucial for safety warnings regarding vehicle movements and road conditions, helping prevent accidents caused by sudden stops or steep terrain.

この山道は急な上り坂が続きます。

急な発熱には注意が必要です。

From the boardroom to the mountain roads, and from the daily weather report to the local bus ride, 急な is a word that you will hear and read constantly. Its ability to convey suddenness, urgency, and steepness makes it an indispensable tool for navigating both the physical and social landscapes of Japan.

While 急な (kyuu na) is an incredibly useful word, its multiple meanings and specific grammatical rules often lead to a few common pitfalls for Japanese learners. One of the most frequent mistakes is confusing it with words that mean 'fast' or 'early'. Because 'sudden' events often happen quickly, learners sometimes use 急な when they actually mean 速い (hayai - fast in speed) or 早い (hayai - early in time). For example, if you want to say 'He runs fast', you must use 速く走る (hayaku hashiru), not 急に走る (kyuu ni hashiru), which would mean 'He suddenly started running'.

彼は急に立ち上がった。

Speed vs. Suddenness: Remember that 急な describes the abruptness or unexpected nature of an event, not the velocity at which it occurs. Use 速い for speed.

Another major grammatical error stems from treating 急 as an i-adjective instead of a na-adjective. Because many common Japanese adjectives end in 'i' (like 高い, 安い, 楽しい), beginners sometimes mistakenly say '急い' (kyuui) or try to conjugate it like an i-adjective (e.g., '急く' instead of '急に'). This is grammatically incorrect and will sound very unnatural to native speakers. It must always be treated as a na-adjective.

これは急な仕事です。

Adjective Class Confusion: Never conjugate 急 as an i-adjective. Always use な for nouns, に for verbs, and だ/です for predicates.

A third common mistake is overusing 急な when a more specific word might be appropriate, particularly when describing steepness. While 急な坂 (steep hill) is perfectly correct and natural, when describing a rugged, precipitous mountain, the word 険しい (kewashii) is often more evocative and appropriate.

その山はとても険しい。

Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse the adjective 急な with the verb 急ぐ (isogu), which means 'to hurry'. While they share the same kanji and are related in concept, their grammatical functions are entirely different. You cannot say '私は急なです' to mean 'I am in a hurry'. Instead, you must use the verb: 私は急いでいます (Watashi wa isoide imasu).

彼はいつも急いでいる。

Adjective vs. Verb: Use the verb 急ぐ (isogu) when describing the action of hurrying. Use the adjective 急な when describing a sudden event, an urgent matter, or a steep incline.

急な階段に気をつけて。

By being aware of these common mistakes—distinguishing it from speed, using correct na-adjective grammar, choosing the right word for rugged terrain, and separating it from the verb 'to hurry'—you will speak and write much more natural and accurate Japanese.

To truly master 急な (kyuu na) and enrich your Japanese vocabulary, it is highly beneficial to understand its synonyms and related terms. Japanese is a language rich in nuance, and choosing the exact right word for a situation can significantly elevate your fluency. When dealing with the 'sudden' aspect of 急な, the most common synonym is 突然 (totsuzen). While 急に (kyuu ni) and 突然 (totsuzen) can often be used interchangeably as adverbs to mean 'suddenly', 突然 carries a slightly stronger nuance of something happening completely without warning or precedent, often causing a greater sense of surprise or shock.

突然、大きな音がした。

突然 (Totsuzen): Means 'suddenly' or 'unexpectedly'. It is slightly more formal and dramatic than 急に, emphasizing the complete lack of warning.

Another word related to suddenness is いきなり (ikinari). This word is more colloquial and often implies that an action was taken without the expected preliminary steps or out of proper sequence. For example, if someone starts shouting without any prior argument, you would use いきなり.

彼はいきなり怒り出した。

いきなり (Ikinari): A colloquial term meaning 'abruptly' or 'without warning', often carrying a nuance of skipping necessary steps or acting out of the blue.

When focusing on the 'urgent' meaning of 急な, a more formal and critical synonym is 緊急 (kinkyuu). While 急な用事 (urgent business) is common in daily life, 緊急 is reserved for true emergencies, such as medical crises, natural disasters, or severe security threats. You will see this word on emergency exits (緊急出口) or hear it in emergency broadcasts.

これは緊急事態です。

緊急 (Kinkyuu): Means 'emergency' or 'high urgency'. It is much stronger and more formal than 急な, used for situations involving danger or critical importance.

Finally, regarding the 'steep' meaning, as mentioned earlier, 険しい (kewashii) is a closely related term. While 急な坂 refers simply to the sharp angle of a hill or road, 険しい implies that the terrain is not only steep but also rugged, harsh, and difficult to traverse. It is often used for mountains or cliffs, and metaphorically for a difficult path in life.

険しい山道を登る。

にわか雨に降られた。

Understanding these subtle distinctions between 急な, 突然, いきなり, 緊急, and 険しい will allow you to express yourself with much greater precision and sound much more like a native Japanese speaker.

How Formal Is It?

正式

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

急に雨が降りました。

It suddenly rained.

Use に (ni) to make it an adverb modifying the verb 降りました (furimashita).

急な雨ですね。

It's a sudden rain, isn't it?

Use な (na) to modify the noun 雨 (ame).

車が急に止まりました。

The car stopped suddenly.

急に modifies the verb 止まりました (tomarimashita).

急なカーブがあります。

There is a sharp curve.

Modifying the katakana noun カーブ (kaabu).

彼は急に走りました。

He suddenly ran.

Adverbial use before an action verb.

急な坂ですね。

It's a steep hill, isn't it?

Describing physical steepness.

急に寒くなりました。

It suddenly became cold.

Modifying the i-adjective 寒く (samuku) + なりました.

急な用事があります。

I have urgent business.

A very common set phrase for sudden plans.

急な用事で行けません。

I can't go because of urgent business.

Using で (de) to indicate the reason (because of urgent business).

この階段はとても急です。

These stairs are very steep.

Using it as the predicate with です (desu).

急な知らせに驚きました。

I was surprised by the sudden news.

Modifying 知らせ (shirase - news/notice).

急に泣き出しました。

Started crying suddenly.

Used with the compound verb 泣き出す (nakidasu - to start crying).

急な坂を登るのは疲れます。

Climbing a steep hill is tiring.

Modifying 坂 (saka) as the object of the verb 登る (noboru).

急に大きな音がしました。

Suddenly, there was a loud noise.

Adverbial use at the beginning of a clause.

急な仕事が入りました。

Sudden work came in.

Common business phrase for unexpected tasks.

道が急に狭くなります。

The road suddenly becomes narrow.

Modifying the change of state (狭くなる).

急な変更で申し訳ありません。

I apologize for the sudden change.

Standard polite apology for schedule changes.

天候の急な変化に注意してください。

Please be careful of sudden changes in the weather.

Modifying the noun phrase 変化 (henka - change).

急なブレーキは危険です。

Sudden braking is dangerous.

Used as the subject of the sentence.

急な出張が決まりました。

A sudden business trip was decided.

Modifying 出張 (shucchou - business trip).

急に熱が出たので、休みます。

I suddenly got a fever, so I will take the day off.

Explaining a sudden illness as a reason for absence.

その川は流れが急です。

That river has a rapid current.

Describing the speed/steepness of a river flow.

急なキャンセルはキャンセル料がかかります。

Sudden cancellations will incur a cancellation fee.

Using it in a conditional/rule context.

彼は急に態度を変えた。

He suddenly changed his attitude.

Adverbial use modifying the verb 変えた (kaeta).

急なお願いで恐縮ですが、ご対応いただけますでしょうか。

I am sorry for the sudden request, but could you handle this?

Highly polite business Japanese (Keigo) using 恐縮 (kyoushuku).

株価の急な下落に市場はパニックに陥った。

The market fell into a panic due to the sudden drop in stock prices.

Modifying a formal noun 下落 (geraku - drop/fall).

この山道は急な勾配が続くため、健脚向けです。

This mountain trail has continuous steep gradients, so it's for strong walkers.

Using the more technical term 勾配 (koubai - gradient).

急な病状の悪化に備えておくべきだ。

We should prepare for a sudden worsening of the medical condition.

Modifying a complex noun phrase (病状の悪化).

急に話を振られて、言葉に詰まった。

The topic was suddenly thrown to me, and I was at a loss for words.

Using the passive voice 振られる (furareru).

急な円高が輸出企業に打撃を与えている。

The sudden appreciation of the yen is dealing a blow to export companies.

Used in an economic context.

急な展開に、観客は息を呑んだ。

The audience gasped at the sudden plot twist.

Describing a narrative or situational development (展開).

急な雷雨の恐れがあるため、外出を控えてください。

Please refrain from going out as there is a risk of sudden thunderstorms.

Used in official warnings and advisories.

急な人事異動が発表され、社内は騒然となった。

A sudden personnel transfer was announced, causing an uproar in the company.

Modifying formal business terminology (人事異動).

急な斜面にへばりつくように家々が建っている。

Houses are built as if clinging to the steep slope.

Describing complex geographical and architectural scenes.

事態の急な進展により、計画の抜本的な見直しを迫られた。

Due to the sudden development of the situation, we were forced to radically review the plan.

Used in high-level strategic or political contexts.

急な発作に襲われた場合、直ちに救急車を呼んでください。

If struck by a sudden attack (seizure), please call an ambulance immediately.

Medical terminology (発作 - attack/seizure).

急な冷え込みで、農作物に甚大な被害が出た。

The sudden cold snap caused massive damage to agricultural crops.

Using the noun form 冷え込み (hiekomi - cold snap).

彼の急な心変わりには、何か裏があるに違いない。

There must be an ulterior motive behind his sudden change of heart.

Modifying a psychological state (心変わり).

急な資金繰りの悪化により、その企業は倒産に追い込まれた。

Due to a sudden deterioration in cash flow, the company was forced into bankruptcy.

Advanced financial context (資金繰り).

急な登りが終わると、視界が開け、美しい稜線が現れた。

When the steep climb ended, the view opened up, and a beautiful ridgeline appeared.

Using 登り (nobori) as a noun meaning 'climb/ascent'.

急な訃報に接し、悲哀の念を禁じ得ない。

Upon receiving the sudden news of the passing, I cannot help but feel deep sorrow.

Highly formal written Japanese (訃報 - news of death).

急な政策転換は、市場に無用な混乱を招く虞がある。

A sudden policy shift risks inviting unnecessary confusion in the market.

Political and economic analysis terminology.

その急な崖は、古来より多くの修験者を阻んできた。

That steep cliff has thwarted many ascetic monks since ancient times.

Literary and historical description.

急な時代の波に抗うことなく、しなやかに生き抜く知恵が求められる。

Wisdom to survive flexibly without resisting the sudden waves of the times is required.

Philosophical and metaphorical usage.

急な増水により、河川敷に取り残された人々の救出作業が難航している。

Due to the sudden rise in water levels, rescue operations for those stranded on the riverbed are facing difficulties.

News reporting style for disasters.

急な思いつきで始めた事業が、これほどの成功を収めるとは誰も予想だにしなかった。

No one ever expected that a business started on a sudden whim would achieve such success.

Using 思いつき (omoitsuki - whim/idea).

急な減圧は潜水病を引き起こす致命的な要因となる。

Sudden decompression is a fatal factor that causes decompression sickness.

Scientific/Technical context.

彼の文章は、急な視点の切り替えによって読者を幻惑する手法を用いている。

His writing employs a technique that dazzles the reader through sudden shifts in perspective.

Literary criticism and analysis.

常见搭配

急な雨

急な用事

急な坂

急なカーブ

急な変更

急な階段

急な知らせ

急な出張

急な斜面

急な病気

常用短语

急な用事が入る

急な坂を登る

急に雨が降る

急に泣き出す

急な変更で申し訳ありません

急に立ち止まる

急に寒くなる

急なカーブを曲がる

急に思い出す

急な坂道

容易混淆的词

急な vs 速い (hayai - fast)

急な vs 早い (hayai - early)

急な vs 急ぐ (isogu - to hurry)

习语与表达

容易混淆

急な vs

句型

如何使用

nuance

While 'sudden' can be neutral, in business, '急な' often carries a negative nuance of disruption, requiring an apology.

colloquialism

In very casual speech, young people might say '急！' (Kyuu!) as an exclamation when someone does something abruptly.

常见错误

Using 急な to mean 'fast' (speed) instead of 'sudden' or 'urgent'.
Conjugating it as an i-adjective (e.g., saying 急い instead of 急な).
Forgetting the 'na' when modifying a noun (e.g., saying 急雨 instead of 急な雨).
Using the adjective 急な when trying to say 'I am in a hurry' (should use the verb 急ぐ).
Using 急な for rugged, rocky mountains instead of the more appropriate 険しい (kewashii).

小贴士

Always use 'na' before nouns

Remember that 急 is a na-adjective. When placing it directly before a noun, you must include 'na'. Saying '急雨' instead of '急な雨' is incorrect in modern Japanese conversation.

The Ultimate Excuse

Memorize the phrase '急な用事' (kyuu na youji). It is the perfect, culturally accepted excuse for canceling plans politely without having to over-explain your situation.

Bus and Train Warnings

Next time you are in Japan, listen carefully on public transport. You will hear 'kyuu na' or 'kyuu ni' constantly in safety announcements warning of sudden stops.

Don't confuse with 'Hurry'

Do not use the adjective 急な when you want to say 'I am in a hurry'. For that, you must use the verb form: 急いでいます (isoide imasu).

Business Apologies

In business emails, starting a sentence with '急なお願いで...' (With a sudden request...) softens the blow when you are asking someone to do something at the last minute.

Dramatic Pauses

When telling a story, using 'kyuu ni' (suddenly) followed by a slight pause builds suspense. 'Soshite, kyuu ni... (pause) oto ga shita!' (And then, suddenly... there was a sound!).

Navigating Japan

Japan is very hilly. Knowing '急な坂' (steep hill) and '急な階段' (steep stairs) is essential for asking for directions or complaining about a difficult walk!

Rainy Season Survival

During summer and the rainy season, weather apps will constantly warn of '急な雨' (sudden rain). Seeing this means you should definitely pack an umbrella.

Pitch Accent Matters

The pitch drops immediately after 'kyuu'. It is high on 'kyuu' and low on 'na'. Pronouncing it flat might confuse listeners momentarily.

Level Up with Totsuzen

Once you are comfortable with 急に, try using 突然 (totsuzen) in more formal or dramatic situations to make your Japanese sound more advanced and native-like.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a 'CUTE' (kyuu) puppy 'NA'turally doing things suddenly, urgently needing to go out, and running up a steep hill.

词源

Sino-Japanese (On'yomi)

文化背景

Japan is 70% mountainous, making '急な坂' (steep hill) a very common daily phrase for commuters and drivers.

Using '急な変更で申し訳ありません' is a cultural staple in Japanese business emails to maintain harmony when disrupting schedules.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"最近、急な雨が多いですね。 (There's been a lot of sudden rain lately, hasn't there?)"

"急な用事が入ったこと、ありますか？ (Have you ever had urgent business come up?)"

"この辺りに急な坂はありますか？ (Are there any steep hills around here?)"

"急に寒くなりましたね。 (It suddenly got cold, didn't it?)"

"急な変更で困ったことは？ (Have you ever been troubled by a sudden change?)"

日记主题

Write about a time you had to cancel plans due to a '急な用事'.

Describe a place you visited that had a '急な坂' or '急な階段'.

Write a short story starting with '急に雨が降ってきた'.

How do you handle '急な変更' in your daily life?

Describe a '急な' weather event you experienced.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you cannot. 急な refers to suddenness, urgency, or steepness. If you want to describe speed, you must use 速い (hayai). For example, a fast car is 速い車, not 急な車.

Both can mean 'sudden', but 突然 (totsuzen) is slightly more formal and implies a complete lack of warning, often with a sense of surprise or shock. 急な is more common in everyday situations like sudden rain or sudden errands.

To say 'suddenly', you must change the adjective into an adverb by replacing the 'na' with 'ni'. The word becomes 急に (kyuu ni). For example, 急に走る means 'to suddenly run'.

Yes, saying 急な用事が入りました (Urgent business has come up) is the standard, polite way to cancel plans in Japan. It provides a valid reason without needing to explain personal details.

Yes, you can say 急な山 (steep mountain) or 急な坂 (steep hill). However, if the mountain is very rugged and dangerous, the word 険しい (kewashii) is often more descriptive and natural.

Japanese buses frequently play automated announcements warning passengers that the bus might stop suddenly. The phrase is usually 急に止まることがあります (It may stop suddenly) or 急ブレーキ (sudden braking).

It is a na-adjective (形容動詞). This is a common mistake because many adjectives end in 'i'. You must never say '急い' (kyuui). Always use 急な before nouns.

To say something 'became sudden' or 'became steep', use the adverbial form with naru: 急になる (kyuu ni naru). For example, 道が急になる means 'the road becomes steep'.

Not typically. It describes events, situations, or physical inclines. If a person acts abruptly, you would describe their action (彼は急に怒った - He suddenly got angry), not the person themselves.

It means 'a sudden change'. It is almost always followed by an apology, such as 急な変更で申し訳ありません (I apologize for the sudden change), which is a crucial phrase for business communication.