What is a complex preposition exactly?

It's a group of words that functions as one preposition. They are usually derived from nouns, verbs, or adverbs, like `в течение` (during).

Can I use 'в течение' for distance?

No, `в течение` is strictly for time. For distance or space, you would use other prepositions like `на протяжении`.

Why does 'согласно' take the Dative case?

It comes from the adverb `согласно` (harmoniously). In Russian, words indicating agreement or harmony often govern the Dative case.

Is 'несмотря на' formal or informal?

It's neutral-to-formal. You can use it in a casual chat or a scientific paper without any issues.

What's the difference between 'ввиду' and 'вследствие'?

They are very similar. `Ввиду` often points to a reason existing before an action, while `вследствие` emphasizes the result of a cause.

Can I start a sentence with 'Благодаря'?

Yes! For example: `Благодаря тебе я всё понял` (Thanks to you, I understood everything).

How do I remember the spelling of 'в течение'?

Think of the 'e' at the end as standing for 'Endless time'. If it's about time, use 'e'.

Is 'из-за' a complex preposition?

Technically, it's a compound preposition (two simple ones joined), but it's often grouped with complex ones because it's not a single simple word.

Can I use 'в продолжение' for time?

Yes, it is a synonym for `в течение`, but it often implies a longer or more continuous process.

What case follows 'вопреки'?

It takes the Dative case. Example: `вопреки ожиданиям` (contrary to expectations).

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Nuanced Prepositional Logic
俄语复合前置词：在……期间、多亏了、根据

B2 Prepositions 5 min read 困难

俄语复合前置词：在……期间、多亏了、根据

Master complex prepositions to express precise time, cause, and concession while sounding like a sophisticated native speaker.

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Complex prepositions are formed from nouns, adverbs, or verbs and usually require the Genitive case to function.

Most complex prepositions like 'в течение' (during) always govern the Genitive case.
They are written as two words, unlike simple prepositions like 'в' or 'на'.
They often express abstract relationships like cause, purpose, or time duration.

Complex Preposition + Genitive Case (Noun/Pronoun)

Overview

复合前置词是由多个单词组成的短语，作为一个整体起作用。在俄语中，我们称它们为 производные предлоги（派生前置词）。它们不仅仅是随机组合的单词，而是有特定的格要求。大多数复合前置词是由其他词性演变而来的。例如，в течение 源自名词 течение（流动）。现在，它仅表示“在……期间”。正确使用它们表明你已经超越了基础俄语。这就像从旧手机升级到最新的 iPhone。你可以用更有格调的方式表达原因、时间和目的。此外，你终于能读懂俄语文学中的长句子了。

How This Grammar Works

这些前置词“支配”特定的格。这意味着后面的名词必须改变词尾。俄语中大多数复合前置词喜欢二格（Genitive）。然而，也有少数“叛逆者”要求三格（Dative）。你需要记住哪个前置词对应哪个格。另一个棘手的地方是拼写。有些看起来完全像“名词+前置词”的组合，但拼写或词尾不同。例如，前置词 в течение 总是以 е 结尾，而名词 в течении 则以 и 结尾。这是一个经典的陷阱。

Formation Pattern

大多数复合前置词遵循以下三条路径之一：

基于名词：в + 名词 + е/я。例如：в течение（在……期间）。

基于副词：副词 + к 或仅副词。例如：согласно（根据）。

基于动词：充当前置词的副动词。例如：несмотря на（尽管）、благодаря（多亏了）。

记住：前置词本身是“静态”的。你不必对它进行变位或改变性别。你唯一的任务是改变后面的名词。这就像一个即插即用的系统，只需确保你有正确的适配器（格）。

When To Use It

当你想要显得正式或精确时，请使用这些词。它们非常适合 Outlook 上的商务邮件。使用 в связи с（由于/关于）来解释延迟。引用来源或 TikTok 趋势时使用 согласно（根据）。如果你在谈论时间跨度，в течение 是你最好的朋友。当你想要带点戏剧性时，使用 несмотря на（尽管）。“尽管下雨，我还是去跑步了。”这比只用“但是”听起来更有“主角光环”。

Common Mistakes

拼写是这里最大的难题。很多人在想表达“期间”时写成 в течении。那是错误的！В течении 指的是河流的实际水流。时间请用 в течение。另一个大错误是 согласно 后面的格。在口语中，人们常错用二格，但在正确的俄语中，必须用三格。要说 согласно договору。此外，不要混淆 благодаря（多亏了：积极）和 из-за（因为：消极/中性）。

Contrast With Similar Patterns

比较 в течение 和 через。两者都谈论时间。Через 意为（将来）“在……之后”或“穿过”。В течение 意为整个过程。“我将在一小时后完成” vs “我在那一小时期间一直在工作”。此外，看看 несмотря на 和 хотя。хотя（虽然）引导一个带动词的新从句，而 несмотря на（尽管）后面接名词。这些细微差别是 B1 和 B2 的分水岭。

Quick FAQ

问：发短信时会用这些吗？

答：有时会，但可能显得有点生硬。长篇解释时再用。

问：哪个格最常用？

答：绝对是二格（Genitive）。

问：我可以用 благодаря 来形容车祸吗？

答：不，那听起来像是在讽刺。请改用 из-за。

问：в течение 总是关于时间吗？

答：是的，它严格指代一段时间。

问：несмотря на 会随性别变化吗？

答：不，它是固定形式，适用于所有情况。

Meanings

Complex prepositions are derived from other parts of speech (nouns, adverbs, participles) and function as single prepositional units.

Temporal

Indicating duration or time frame.

“В течение часа.”

“В продолжение недели.”

Causal

Indicating reason or cause.

“Вследствие дождя.”

“Благодаря помощи.”

Spatial/Relational

Indicating position or relation to an object.

“Напротив дома.”

“Вдоль дороги.”

Common Complex Prepositions

Preposition	Meaning	Case Required
В течение	During	Genitive
Вследствие	Due to	Genitive
Напротив	Opposite	Genitive
Вдоль	Along	Genitive
Вокруг	Around	Genitive
Ввиду	In view of	Genitive

Reference Table

Reference table for 俄语复合前置词：在……期间、多亏了、根据
Preposition	Case Governed	Meaning	Modern Example
в течение	Genitive	during / over	в течение стрима
согласно	Dative	according to	согласно правилам
благодаря	Dative	thanks to	благодаря интернету
несмотря на	Accusative	despite	несмотря на пробки
ввиду	Genitive	due to	ввиду плохой связи
вследствие	Genitive	as a result of	вследствие ошибки
в связи с	Instrumental	due to / regarding	в связи с апдейтом

正式程度

正式

В течение совещания.

В течение совещания. (Work meeting)

中性

Во время совещания.

Во время совещания. (Work meeting)

非正式

Пока шло совещание.

Пока шло совещание. (Work meeting)

俚语

На совещании.

На совещании. (Work meeting)

Origins of Complex Prepositions

Derivative Prepositions

From Nouns

в течение during
в связи с in connection with

From Verbs

благодаря thanks to
несмотря на despite

Time: 'в течение' vs 'в течении'

Preposition (Time)

в течение часа during an hour

Noun + Prep (Water)

в течении реки in the river's flow

Choosing a 'Cause' Preposition

Is the result positive?

YES

Use 'Благодаря' (+ Dative)

Is it formal?

Is it formal writing?

YES

Use 'Ввиду' or 'Вследствие' (+ Genitive)

NO ↓

Prepositions by Case

📝

Genitive (The Majority)

• в течение
• ввиду
• вследствие
• в продолжение

🔥

Dative (The Rebels)

• согласно
• благодаря
• вопреки
• навстречу

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按水平分级的例句

Магазин напротив дома.

The shop is opposite the house.

Мы шли вдоль реки.

We walked along the river.

В течение дня было жарко.

It was hot during the day.

Вследствие болезни он не пришел.

Due to illness, he did not come.

Посредством этого метода мы достигли цели.

By means of this method, we reached the goal.

В продолжение всего вечера он молчал.

Throughout the entire evening, he remained silent.

容易混淆

Russian Complex Prepositions (в течение, благодаря, согласно) 对比 Вследствие vs В следствие

One is a preposition, the other is a noun phrase.

常见错误

✗

Вдоль дорогу

✓

Вдоль дороги

Requires Genitive.

✗

В течение день

✓

В течение дня

Genitive case needed.

✗

В следствие

✓

Вследствие

One word for the preposition.

✗

Благодаря дождя

✓

Благодаря дождю

Благодаря takes Dative.

句型

Я иду ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Business Email very common

Ввиду обстоятельств...

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⚠️

The 'E' Trap

Always end 'в течение' and 'в продолжение' with 'е' when talking about time. Using 'и' is the most common mistake for learners.

🎯

Sound More Professional

Swap 'из-за' for 'ввиду' in emails to your boss. It immediately makes your Russian sound more educated and formal.

💬

Sarcastic 'Благодаря'

While 'благодаря' is for positive things, Russians sometimes use it sarcastically (e.g., 'Thanks to you, we're lost'). But as a learner, stick to the positive rule first!

Smart Tips

Use 'вследствие' instead of 'из-за'.

Из-за дождя мы опоздали. → Вследствие дождя мы опоздали.

发音

v-sle-DSTVI-ye

Stress

Stress usually falls on the root of the preposition.

Statement

Вдоль дороги ↑ идет человек ↓.

Neutral declarative.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Complex' as 'Combined'—two words becoming one meaning.

视觉联想

Imagine a long road (вдоль) with a shop (напротив) and a clock (в течение) ticking above it.

Rhyme

Вдоль и вокруг, Genitive is the hook.

Story

I walked along (вдоль) the river. Opposite (напротив) the bank, I waited during (в течение) the rain. Due to (вследствие) the cold, I went home.

Word Web

ВдольНапротивВ течениеВследствиеВокругВвиду

挑战

Write 3 sentences about your day using 'в течение', 'напротив', and 'вдоль'.

文化笔记

Using formal prepositions like 'ввиду' is expected in emails.

Derived from Old Church Slavonic and early Russian noun-preposition combinations.

对话开场白

“

Что находится напротив вашего дома?

日记主题

Describe your walk to work/school.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct ending.

Мы обсуждали этот проект в течени__ недели.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: е

When referring to time duration, 'в течение' always ends in 'е'.

Which sentence is grammatically correct? 多项选择

Choose the correct version:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Согласно договору, мы начинаем завтра.

'Согласно' requires the Dative case (договору).

Find and fix the mistake in the cause/effect preposition. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Благодаря сильному дождю мы опоздали на поезд.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Из-за сильного дождя мы опоздали на поезд.

'Благодаря' is for positive results. For a negative cause like rain making you late, use 'Из-за'.

Score: /3

练习题

1 exercises

Fill in the blank.

Мы шли ___ (вдоль) реки.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: реки

Вдоль takes Genitive.

Score: /1

Practice Bank

10 exercises

Complete the preposition. 填空

____ на пробки, он приехал вовремя.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Несмотря

Fix the case ending. Error Correction

Мы действовали согласно инструкции.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No error

Reorder the words to make a sentence. Sentence Reorder

часа / в / отвечу / течение / я

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я отвечу в течение часа.

Translate to Russian. 翻译

Thanks to the internet, I found the information.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Благодаря интернету я нашёл информацию.

Match the preposition with its meaning. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: в течение : during

Choose the formal variant. 多项选择

Which one is most formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ввиду отсутствия времени...

Choose the correct preposition for the context. 填空

____ твоему совету, я сэкономил много денег.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Благодаря

Check the spelling. Error Correction

В течении всего дня шёл снег.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: В течение всего дня шёл снег.

Translate to Russian. 翻译

In connection with the move, I'm selling my sofa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: В связи с переездом я продаю диван.

Select the correct case for 'вследствие'. 多项选择

Вследствие (сильный шторм) рейс отменили.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: сильного шторма

Score: /10

常见问题 (1)

Most do, but some like 'благодаря' take Dative.

Scaffolded Practice

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

German high

Präpositionen mit Genitiv

German case endings are on the article, Russian on the noun.

French moderate

Locutions prépositives

French doesn't have a case system.

Spanish moderate

Locuciones prepositivas

Spanish relies on word order and simple prepositions.

Japanese low

Postpositions

Russian prepositions come before the noun.

Arabic partial

Prepositional phrases

Arabic uses a different root system.

Chinese low