الإنهاء بحروف الجر: مع من أنت؟
Natural و Common و Fluent.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In modern English, it is perfectly natural and often preferred to place a preposition at the very end of a sentence or question.
- Use it in questions: 'Who are you talking to?' instead of 'To whom are you talking?'
- Use it in relative clauses: 'The person I work with' is more natural than 'The person with whom I work.'
- Keep it for phrasal verbs: 'What are you looking for?' cannot be changed to 'For what are you looking?'
نظرة عامة
To whom are you speaking?، ستبدو وكأنك شبح من القرن التاسع عشر. أما إذا قلت Who are you talking to?، فستبدو كإنسان طبيعي. هذا ما يسمى بـ preposition stranding.up with which I will not put.كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة
to، وwith، وfor، وat عادة ما تأتي قبل الاسم. في الكتابة الرسمية، تبقى هناك. أما في الإنجليزية غير الرسمية، فننقل الاسم إلى المقدمة، ونترك حرف الجر 'stranded' (معلقًا) في النهاية تمامًا.Wh-. ثانيًا، في الجمل الموصولة (relative clauses) التي تستخدم that أو who.What are you looking at?. كلمة at معلقة في النهاية. إنها غير متصلة باسم يليها.
نمط التكوين
wait for.
Who أو What.
Who are you waiting for?. ألاحظت كيف تجلس for هناك في النهاية؟ إنها تنتظر صديقها، الاسم، الذي انتقل إلى المقدمة. في الجمل الموصولة، يمكنك حتى حذف ضمير الوصل. الجملة The movie that I was talking about تصبح The movie I was talking about. إنها فعالة وسريعة. تمامًا مثل اتصال الـ 5G الخاص بك عندما يعمل فعلاً.
متى نستخدمها
This is the view I’ve been dreaming of!.This is the view of which I have been dreaming. أحدهما يبدو كمسافر، والآخر يبدو ككتاب مدرسي. لا تكن كتابًا مدرسيًا.
الأخطاء الشائعة
To who are you talking to? هي الخطأ الكلاسيكي. اختر مكانًا واحدًا والتزم به! خطأ آخر هو اختيار حرف الجر الخاطئ للفعل. تذكر، حرف الجر لا يزال مرتبطًا بالفعل. إذا كان الفعل depend on، فإن حرف الجر في النهاية يجب أن يكون on. الجملة Who does it depend of? خاطئة. يجب أيضًا ألا تستخدم حرف جر إذا كان الفعل لا يحتاج لواحد. بعض الناس يضيفون at إلى نهاية Where are you?. الجملة Where are you at? شائعة في بعض اللهجات، لكنها غالبًا ما تكون زائدة. ابقِ الأمور بسيطة. أيضًا، انتبه للأفعال المركبة (phrasal verbs). الكلمات مثل give up أو break down ليست stranding حقًا. إنها مجرد جزء من الفعل. إذا حذفت up في What did you give up?، يتغير المعنى تمامًا. لا تفقد الـ 'up' الخاصة بك!مقارنة مع أنماط مشابهة
With whom did you go? هي front-shifted.Who did you go with? هي stranded. يتطلب الـ Front-shifting دائمًا whom بدلاً من who.whom في مقهى إلا إذا كان يريد أن يتم تجاهله. يعمل الـ Stranding مع who، وwhat، وwhich، وwhere. كما أنه يعمل مع ضمير الوصل that.of that I was thinking. يجب أن تقول that I was thinking of. هذا يجعل الـ stranding أكثر مرونة من نظيره الرسمي.whom.أسئلة شائعة
هل من المقبول حقًا فعل هذا في مقابلة عمل؟
نعم! إنه يجعلك تبدو طبيعيًا وسهل الحديث معك.
هل يمكنني عمل strand لأي حرف جر؟
معظمها، نعم. To، وfor، وwith، وat، وfrom، وabout هي الأكثر شيوعًا.
ماذا عن during أو since؟
نادرًا ما يتم عمل stranded لهذه. Which hour was it during? تبدو غريبة جدًا. استخدمها بشكل طبيعي.
هل أحتاج لاستخدام whom عند الـ stranding؟
لا! استخدم who. الجملة Who are you looking for? هي المعيار.
هل هذا خاص بالإنجليزية الأمريكية فقط؟
لا. المتحدثون البريطانيون والأستراليون والكنديون يفعلون ذلك أيضًا. إنه شيء عالمي في اللغة الإنجليزية.
3. Question Structure with Stranded Prepositions
| Question Word | Auxiliary | Subject | Verb | Preposition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Who
|
are
|
you
|
talking
|
to?
|
|
What
|
is
|
she
|
looking
|
at?
|
|
Where
|
did
|
they
|
come
|
from?
|
|
Which
|
do
|
you
|
agree
|
with?
|
|
Who
|
have
|
you
|
worked
|
for?
|
Common Conversational Short Forms
| Full Question | Short Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
|
Who are you with?
|
Who with?
|
Casual texting
|
|
What is it for?
|
What for?
|
Asking for a reason
|
|
Where are you from?
|
Where from?
|
Quick inquiry
|
Meanings
The practice of leaving a preposition at the end of a clause or sentence when its object (the noun it relates to) has moved to the beginning.
Interrogative Stranding
Placing the preposition at the end of a question starting with 'Who', 'What', 'Which', or 'Where'.
“Who are you going with?”
“What is this for?”
Relative Clause Stranding
Placing the preposition at the end of a relative clause, especially when using 'that' or omitting the relative pronoun entirely.
“This is the book I was talking about.”
“She is the friend that I traveled with.”
Passive Voice Stranding
When a verb + preposition combination is turned into the passive voice, the preposition remains attached to the verb at the end.
“He likes to be listened to.”
“The bed hasn't been slept in.”
Infinitive Stranding
Using a preposition at the end of an infinitive phrase (to + verb).
“I need a chair to sit on.”
“She has no one to talk to.”
Reference Table
| السياق | مثال غير رسمي/طبيعي | بديل رسمي | لماذا يعمل هكذا |
|---|---|---|---|
|
سؤال
|
Who are you talking to?
|
To whom are you talking?
|
مفعول حرف الجر ('who') انتقل إلى البداية.
|
|
جملة موصولة
|
That's the project I'm working on.
|
That's the project on which I'm working.
|
المفعول به ('project') ضمني أو انتقل إلى البداية.
|
|
مبني للمجهول
|
The problem needs to be dealt with.
|
The problem requires dealing.
|
حرف الجر جزء من فعل مركب في صيغة المبني للمجهول.
|
|
فعل مركب
|
What did you come up with?
|
What did you devise?
|
حرف الجر ضروري لمعنى الفعل.
|
|
استخدام يومي
|
This is the app I was looking for.
|
This is the app for which I was looking.
|
يبدو أكثر طبيعية وأقل تكلّفاً.
|
|
دردشة غير رسمية
|
Which movie are you thinking about?
|
About which movie are you thinking?
|
شائع في الحديث والكتابة العادية.
|
طيف الرسمية
To whom were you speaking? (Social interaction)
Who were you speaking to? (Social interaction)
Who were you talking to? (Social interaction)
Who you talkin' to? (Social interaction)
متى تنهي حروف الجر الجمل
سيناريوهات شائعة
- أسئلة Who are you waiting for?
- جمل موصولة That's the book I was talking about.
- مبني للمجهول The issue was dealt with.
- أفعال مركبة What did you come up with?
لماذا يحدث هذا
- المفعول به منتقل The object of the preposition moves to the sentence start.
- فعل مركب Preposition is integral to the verb's meaning.
- تدفق طبيعي Avoids awkward, overly formal phrasing.
متى تتجنب (رسمي)
- كتابة أكاديمية Formal reports, papers.
- وثائق قانونية Official, precise language.
- عبارات رسمية محددة To whom, about which.
مقارنة بين موضع حرف الجر: غير رسمي مقابل رسمي
هل يجب أن أنهي جملتي بحرف جر؟
هل هو سياق رسمي للغاية (ورقة أكاديمية، وثيقة قانونية)؟
هل حرف الجر جزء من فعل مركب (مثلاً: 'look for', 'deal with')؟
هل الجملة سؤال أو جملة موصولة حيث انتقل مفعول حرف الجر إلى البداية؟
حروف الجر في النهاية: فحص سريع
أسئلة شائعة
- • Who with?
- • What about?
- • Which one for?
- • Where from?
أفعال مركبة
- • Look for
- • Talk about
- • Deal with
- • Come up with
جمل موصولة
- • The person I spoke to.
- • The thing I dreamt about.
- • The job I applied for.
مبني للمجهول
- • He was looked after.
- • It's been waited for.
- • The matter was decided on.
أمثلة حسب المستوى
Where are you from?
Who are you with?
What are you looking at?
Who is she talking to?
What are you waiting for?
Which house do you live in?
Who did you go to the party with?
This is the movie I told you about.
That's the guy I was arguing with.
I found the keys I was looking for.
Which company did you apply to?
He is someone you can rely on.
The results were exactly what we had hoped for.
It’s a difficult situation to deal with.
Who was the contract signed by?
The children need someone to look after them.
The sheer number of variables we had to account for was staggering.
He is a man whom I have the greatest respect for.
This is the kind of nonsense I will not put up with.
The city has many hidden gems to marvel at.
The metaphysical implications are what the author is primarily concerned with.
It is a principle that the entire legal system is based upon.
Such are the tribulations that a modern democracy must contend with.
The very ground they stood on seemed to shift.
سهل الخلط
Learners often confuse a simple preposition with the particle of a phrasal verb.
Learners think they must use 'whom' if there is a preposition involved.
أخطاء شائعة
Where you from?
Where are you from?
Who you with?
Who are you with?
What you look at?
What are you looking at?
I from Japan.
I am from Japan.
Who are you waiting?
Who are you waiting for?
What are you listening?
What are you listening to?
The book I told you.
The book I told you about.
To who are you talking to?
Who are you talking to?
The man who I work.
The man who I work with.
Which room do you sleep?
Which room do you sleep in?
To whom are you looking for?
Who are you looking for?
أنماط الجُمل
Who are you ___ with?
That is the ___ I was telling you about.
What are you so ___ about?
Real World Usage
Who are you with?
What kind of environment do you thrive in?
What does this come with?
This is a theory that many scholars agree with.
What can I help you with?
What are you looking for in a partner?
كن طبيعياً
Who are you talking to?
السياق هو المفتاح
To whom are you talking?
الأفعال المركبة تحبها
What did you come up with?
القاعدة 'قديمة'
Smart Tips
Just use 'Who' and put the preposition at the end. It's safe, modern, and professional.
Always put the preposition at the end. 'That' cannot follow a preposition.
Drop the relative pronoun ('who' or 'that') entirely and keep the preposition at the end.
Never try to move the particle to the front; it will break the verb's meaning.
النطق
Preposition Stress
When a preposition is at the end of a sentence, it is usually unstressed and 'weak'. However, if you want to emphasize it, you can stress it.
Rising-Falling
Who are you with? ↘
A standard, neutral information-seeking question.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
The preposition is like a 'tail'—it's natural for it to wag at the end of the sentence dog.
ربط بصري
Imagine a fishing hook at the end of a sentence. The preposition is the hook that catches the object at the very beginning of the sentence.
Rhyme
If a question you must send, put the 'with' or 'to' at the end.
Story
A traveler named 'Who' went on a journey. He always left his bags ('with', 'for', 'from') at the hotel (the end of the sentence) while he went to explore the city (the beginning of the sentence).
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write 5 questions you would ask your favorite celebrity, ensuring every single one ends with a preposition (e.g., 'Who do you look up to?').
ملاحظات ثقافية
Some older teachers or very formal institutions still cling to the 'never end with a preposition' rule, despite it being linguistically debunked.
Americans are generally very comfortable with stranded prepositions in almost all contexts, including business.
While common, some high-level British RP (Received Pronunciation) speakers might use fronted prepositions to sound more 'proper' or 'upper-class'.
Preposition stranding is a native feature of Old English and other Germanic languages like Old Norse.
بدايات محادثة
Who is the person you look up to most?
What kind of music are you into lately?
If you could travel anywhere, where would you go to?
What is a problem you've recently dealt with?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
Which movie are you talking ___?
Find and fix the mistake:
Whom did you go to the concert with?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesWho are you waiting ___?
Find and fix the mistake:
To whom are you talking?
Select the natural-sounding sentence.
you / looking / what / at / are / ?
¿Con quién estás?
Listen, Wait, Look, Talk
The man / I / work / with
It is grammatically incorrect to end a sentence with a preposition in modern English.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThat's the problem we need to deal ___.
Choose the correct sentence:
This is the person to whom I spoke with.
Translate into English: 'Com quem você está saindo?'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the informal questions with their formal equivalents:
The meeting was cancelled. I don't know why, but it was decided ___.
Choose the correct sentence:
The project with which I am involved is very complex.
Translate into English: 'Isso é algo em que você pode confiar.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with their common ending prepositions:
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Yes, absolutely! It is a natural part of English. The 'rule' against it was made up in the 1600s to make English more like Latin, but it doesn't fit how English actually works.
In extremely formal documents, like a legal contract or a very traditional academic paper, you might choose to 'front' the preposition (e.g., 'The person to whom...'). However, even then, if it sounds awkward, stranding is fine.
It's the linguistic term for leaving a preposition at the end of a clause when its object has moved to the front, like in 'Who are you with?'.
It's grammatically possible but sounds very strange. It's a 'register clash'—'whom' is very formal, but stranding is more informal. Stick to 'Who... to' or 'To whom...'.
Phrasal verbs *must* keep their particles. You can't move the 'up' in 'What did you give up?' to the front. 'Up what did you give?' is nonsense.
Most common ones like 'to', 'for', 'with', 'at', and 'from' are frequently stranded. Longer prepositions like 'concerning' or 'despite' are rarely stranded because they sound awkward at the end.
It's a 'zombie rule'—a rule that is dead but still haunts classrooms. Many people were taught this in school by teachers who were following outdated textbooks.
Technically no, but more than two usually sounds confusing. For example: 'What did you bring that book I don't like being read to out of up for?' is a famous (but silly) example of too many.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Preposition + Relative Pronoun
The preposition must always precede the pronoun in Spanish.
Preposition + Qui/Lequel
Ending a sentence with 'à' or 'de' is grammatically impossible in French.
Da-compounds or fronting
German uses 'W-compounds' for questions (e.g., Womit) rather than stranding.
Postpositions
Japanese particles are always attached to the noun they modify.
Resumptive Pronouns
Arabic requires a pronoun to 'fill the gap' left by the moved object.
Pre-verbal prepositional phrases
Word order is strictly Preposition + Object + Verb.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
08:26 The Best Chicken Satay with Bonus Peanut Sauce Recipe | Food Wishes
07:12 Was the Trojan War Fought Over a Rock?
06:08 Why Most Habit Trackers Make Things Worse
متى نضع حرف الجر في نهاية الجملة الانجليزية؟
English with Safaa
حروف الجر في نهاية الجملة الانجليزية - Prepositions at the end of a sentence
Learn English with Hany
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