欠席する في 30 ثانية
- To be absent from school, work, or appointments.
- Formal verb for non-attendance.
- Often used with reasons like illness or prior commitments.
The Japanese verb 欠席する (けっせきする - kesseki suru) directly translates to 'to be absent' or 'to miss' an event, meeting, class, or appointment. It's a polite and formal way to indicate that you will not be present for something you are expected to attend. This word is frequently used in academic, professional, and official settings where punctuality and attendance are important.
- Core Concept
- Indicates non-attendance due to various reasons like illness, prior commitments, or other unavoidable circumstances.
- Common Scenarios
- Students absent from school, employees missing a meeting, individuals unable to attend a scheduled appointment, or guests not showing up for an event.
明日は会議があるので、欠席することができません。Ashita wa kaigi ga aru node, kesseki suru koto ga dekimasen.
The act of being absent is often communicated proactively. For instance, if a student is sick, they or their guardian would inform the school they will be 欠席する. In a business context, if an employee cannot attend a crucial meeting, they would notify their manager that they will be 欠席する. The formality of the situation dictates the necessity of using 欠席する. While you might informally tell a friend you're 'skipping' a casual gathering, 欠席する is reserved for situations where your presence is expected and your absence needs to be formally acknowledged.
Consider the components of the word: 欠 (ketsu) meaning 'lack' or 'defect', and 席 (seki) meaning 'seat' or 'place'. Together, they literally imply 'a lack of a seat', thus signifying absence. This etymology helps to solidify the meaning of not being in one's designated place. The suffix する (suru) turns the noun phrase into a verb, allowing it to be conjugated and used in various grammatical structures.
In summary, 欠席する is your go-to verb when you need to convey non-attendance in a formal or semi-formal manner. It emphasizes the expectation of presence and the formal notification of its absence. It's a crucial word for navigating social and professional obligations in Japanese culture.
Using 欠席する (けっせきする - kesseki suru) correctly in sentences involves understanding its grammatical function as a verb and the context in which it's appropriate. As a standard verb, it can be conjugated into various tenses and forms, such as the polite ます (masu) form, the plain form, the past tense, and the potential form.
- Basic Structure
- Subject + (Reason) + は/が + 欠席する (conjugated form).
- Common Particles
- While 欠席する itself doesn't always require a direct object, the reason for absence is often introduced with particles like ので (node - because) or から (kara - because).
体調が悪いため、明日の授業を欠席します。Taichō ga warui tame, ashita no jugyō o kesseki shimasu.
Polite Form (ます - masu): This is the most common form used in everyday polite conversation and writing. For example, 欠席します (kesseki shimasu) means 'will be absent'.
Plain Form (る - ru): Used in informal situations or when reporting facts. 欠席する (kesseki suru) itself is the plain present tense.
Past Tense (た - ta): 欠席した (kesseki shita) means 'was absent'.
Negative Form (ない - nai): 欠席しない (kesseki shinai) means 'will not be absent'.
Potential Form (できる - dekiru): 欠席できる (kesseki dekiru) means 'can be absent', which is an unusual but grammatically correct construction, implying permission or ability to miss something.
Giving Reasons: It's very common to explain why someone is absent. This is often done using phrases like:
- Reason Phrases
- 〜ため (tame - because of), 〜ので (node - because), 〜から (kara - because).
急な用事があったので、会議を欠席しました。Kyūna yōji ga atta node, kaigi o kesseki shimashita.
Notification: When informing someone about your absence, you often use the 〜させていただきます (sasete itadakimasu) form, which is a humble expression meaning 'allow me to do...' or 'I will humbly...'. For example, 欠席させていただきます (kesseki sasete itadakimasu) is a very polite way to say 'I will be absent'.
In questions: You can ask about someone's attendance. For example, 彼は今日のパーティーに欠席しますか？ (Kare wa kyō no pātī ni kesseki shimasu ka?) - Will he be absent from today's party?
Mastering these sentence structures will allow you to confidently use 欠席する in a variety of situations, from formal announcements to casual inquiries.
You'll encounter 欠席する (けっせきする - kesseki suru) in numerous everyday situations, primarily in contexts where attendance is expected and recorded. Its formal nature makes it a staple in official communications and announcements.
- Academic Settings
- This is perhaps the most common place to hear 欠席する. Teachers, school administrators, and students themselves use it frequently. For example, a teacher might announce, '本日の授業を欠席する学生は、後で補習を受けてください' (Honjitsu no jugyō o kesseki suru gakusei wa, ato de hoshū o ukete kudasai - Students who are absent from today's class, please take remedial lessons later). Parents might call the school to report their child will be 欠席する due to illness.
- Business and Professional Environments
- In offices, 欠席する is used when discussing meetings, seminars, or workdays. An email might state, '明日、出張のため会議を欠席させていただきます' (Ashita, shutchō no tame kaigi o kesseki sasete itadakimasu - I will be absent from the meeting tomorrow due to a business trip). Colleagues might discuss a team member who is 欠席する due to sickness.
- Appointments and Official Engagements
- When you need to cancel or inform about not attending a doctor's appointment, a formal interview, or any scheduled meeting, 欠席する is the appropriate term. For instance, '予約していた歯科検診を欠席することになりました' (Yoyaku shite ita shika kenshin o kesseki suru koto ni narimashita - It has been decided that I will be absent from the dental check-up I had scheduled).
- Social Events (Formal)
- While less common for very casual gatherings, 欠席する can be used for more formal social events like weddings, banquets, or official receptions if you cannot attend. A response card might ask you to indicate if you will be attending or 欠席する.
健康上の理由で、来週のクラスは欠席する予定です。Kenkōjō no riyū de, raishū no kurasu wa kesseki suru yotei desu.
You might hear it in announcements on public transport regarding delays that cause people to miss connections, or in official notices about public hearings that someone cannot attend. Essentially, any situation where a formal declaration of non-attendance is required is a prime location for 欠席する.
While 欠席する (けっせきする - kesseki suru) is a straightforward verb, learners can sometimes misuse it, especially regarding its formality and scope. Here are common mistakes to watch out for:
- Mistake 1: Using it in overly casual situations.
- Incorrect: 友達と遊ぶのを欠席します。(Tomodachi to asobu no o kesseki shimasu.) - I will be absent from playing with friends. (This sounds very unnatural and overly formal for a casual hangout.)
Correct: 友達と遊ぶのをやめます。(Tomodachi to asobu no o yamemasu.) - I will stop playing with friends. OR 友達と遊ぶのは無理です。(Tomodachi to asobu no wa muri desu.) - It's impossible to play with friends. (Or simply, 行けません - ikemasen - I can't go.)
Explanation: 欠席する is generally reserved for situations where attendance is expected or required, like school, work, or formal appointments. For informal gatherings, simpler verbs like 行けない (ikenai - cannot go) or やめる (yameru - to stop/quit) are more appropriate. - Mistake 2: Confusing it with similar verbs like 参加しない (sanka shinai - not participate).
- Incorrect: パーティーに欠席する。(Pātī ni kesseki suru.) - To be absent from the party. (While grammatically possible, it sounds a bit stiff if you mean 'not attending'.)
Correct: パーティーに参加しない。(Pātī ni sanka shinai.) - Not to participate in the party. OR パーティーに行かない。(Pātī ni ikanai.) - Not to go to the party.
Explanation: 欠席する specifically refers to not being present in a place or at an event where one is expected. 参加しない is broader and means 'not to take part in' an activity or event, which might include not being physically present, but also not contributing or engaging. For social events, 行かない (ikanai) is the most common and natural choice for 'not going'. - Mistake 3: Overusing the 〜させていただきます (sasete itadakimasu) form.
- Overly Humble: 明日、会社を欠席させていただきます。(Ashita, kaisha o kesseki sasete itadakimasu.) - I will humbly be absent from the company tomorrow. (This is technically correct but can sound overly formal or even slightly sarcastic if used for a simple sick day.)
More Natural: 明日、会社を休みます。(Ashita, kaisha o yasumimasu.) - I will take the day off tomorrow. OR 明日、体調が悪いので休みます。(Ashita, taichō ga ga warui node yasumimasu.) - I will be absent tomorrow due to feeling unwell.
Explanation: While 欠席させていただきます is very polite and appropriate for formal notifications, for common situations like taking a sick day, simply using 休みます (yasumimasu - to take a day off) is more natural and common. - Mistake 4: Forgetting to conjugate the verb.
- Incorrect: 彼は会議に欠席する。(Kare wa kaigi ni kesseki suru.) (If speaking about a past event.)
Correct: 彼は会議に欠席した。(Kare wa kaigi ni kesseki shita.) - He was absent from the meeting.
Explanation: Like all verbs, 欠席する needs to be conjugated according to the tense and politeness level required by the context.
病気のため、今日のクラスを欠席した。Byōki no tame, kyō no kurasu o kesseki shita.
While 欠席する (けっせきする - kesseki suru) clearly means 'to be absent', Japanese offers several other words and phrases that convey non-attendance, each with subtle differences in nuance and formality. Understanding these distinctions is key to precise communication.
- 欠席する (Kesseki Suru) vs. 休みます (Yasumimasu)
- 欠席する (Kesseki Suru): Specifically means to be absent from a scheduled event, class, meeting, or appointment where one's presence is expected or recorded. It carries a more formal tone.
休みます (Yasumimasu): This is a more general term meaning 'to take a day off', 'to rest', or 'to be absent'. It can be used for work, school, or even personal reasons. It's less formal than 欠席する and can imply taking a break for rest or due to illness without necessarily being a formal notification of absence from a specific event.
Example:
学校を欠席します。(Gakkō o kesseki shimasu.) - I will be absent from school. (Formal notification)
今日は休みます。(Kyō wa yasumimasu.) - I will take the day off today. (More general, could be sick or just taking a break.) - 欠席する (Kesseki Suru) vs. 不参加 (Fū Sanka) / 参加しない (Sanka Shinai)
- 欠席する (Kesseki Suru): Focuses on the physical absence from a place or event.
不参加 (Fū Sanka) / 参加しない (Sanka Shinai): Means 'non-participation' or 'not participating'. This is broader and can include not being present, but also not engaging in an activity even if present, or simply declining to join an event.
Example:
会議に欠席する。(Kaigi ni kesseki suru.) - To be absent from the meeting. (Focus on not being there.)
会議には参加しない。(Kaigi ni wa sanka shinai.) - I will not participate in the meeting. (Could mean not attending or not contributing.)
パーティーへの不参加を表明しました。(Pātī e no fū sanka o hyōmei shimashita.) - I announced my non-participation in the party. - 欠席する (Kesseki Suru) vs. 留守にする (Rusu ni Suru)
- 欠席する (Kesseki Suru): Refers to absence from a specific event or place where one is expected.
留守にする (Rusu ni Suru): Means 'to be away from home', 'to leave one's post', or 'to be out'. It's typically used when someone is not at their usual residence or workplace, often for a period of time, and implies that their 'seat' or 'place' is empty.
Example:
明日は学校を欠席します。(Ashita wa gakkō o kesseki shimasu.) - I will be absent from school tomorrow.
今日は家を留守にします。(Kyō wa ie o rusu ni shimasu.) - I will be away from home today. - 欠席する (Kesseki Suru) vs. 遅刻する (Chikoku Suru)
- 欠席する (Kesseki Suru): To be absent entirely.
遅刻する (Chikoku Suru): To be late.
Example:
会議に欠席する。(Kaigi ni kesseki suru.) - To be absent from the meeting.
会議に遅刻する。(Kaigi ni chikoku suru.) - To be late for the meeting.
明日は大事な会議があるので、欠席しないようにします。Ashita wa daiji na kaigi ga aru node, kesseki shinai yō ni shimasu.
Choosing the right word depends heavily on the context, the formality of the situation, and the specific nuance you wish to convey. When in doubt for formal situations, 欠席する is a safe and appropriate choice for indicating absence.
How Formal Is It?
حقيقة ممتعة
The character 欠 (ketsu) itself visually depicts a mouth (口) with a gap or crack in it, symbolizing something incomplete or missing. This imagery reinforces the meaning of 'lack' or 'defect' present in the word 欠席.
دليل النطق
- Pronouncing 'sse' as a single 's' sound.
- Not using the flapped 'r' for 'ru', making it sound too much like an English 'roo'.
- Incorrect stress placement, for example, stressing the first syllable of 欠席 too heavily.
مستوى الصعوبة
At A2 level, learners will encounter this word in simple texts like school announcements or basic emails. Understanding the context of absence is usually straightforward, but differentiating it from similar verbs might require more attention.
Learners at A2 can use 欠席する in simple sentences to explain their absence. However, mastering the appropriate politeness levels and sentence structures for formal notifications can be challenging.
Speaking requires spontaneous recall. Learners might struggle to use 欠席する correctly in spoken conversations, especially under pressure or when needing to convey formality.
Distinguishing 欠席する from similar-sounding or contextually related words like 休みます can be difficult in fast-paced spoken Japanese.
ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك
المتطلبات الأساسية
تعلّم لاحقاً
متقدم
قواعد يجب معرفتها
Using 〜ので (node) or 〜ため (tame) to express reason before stating absence.
風邪をひいたので、学校を欠席します。 (Kaze o hiita node, gakkō o kesseki shimasu.) I will be absent from school because I caught a cold.
The humble form 〜させていただきます (sasete itadakimasu) for polite notification of absence.
明日は出張のため、会議を欠席させていただきます。 (Ashita wa shutchō no tame, kaigi o kesseki sasete itadakimasu.) I will humbly be absent from the meeting tomorrow due to a business trip.
Using the potential form 〜できない (dekinai) to express inability to be absent.
この会議は非常に重要なので、欠席できません。 (Kono kaigi wa hijō ni jūyō na node, kesseki dekimasen.) This meeting is very important, so I cannot be absent.
Past tense conjugation 欠席した (kesseki shita) for reporting past absences.
彼は先週の月曜日に欠席した。 (Kare wa senshū no getsuyōbi ni kesseki shita.) He was absent last Monday.
Using 〜ことになる (koto ni naru) to indicate a decision or arrangement to be absent.
急な用事のため、明日のイベントを欠席することになりました。 (Kyūna yōji no tame, ashita no ibento o kesseki suru koto ni narimashita.) Due to an urgent matter, it has been decided that I will be absent from tomorrow's event.
أمثلة حسب المستوى
学校に行けません。
I cannot go to school.
Simple negation of going.
今日は休みます。
I will take the day off today.
Basic verb for taking a day off.
会議はありません。
There is no meeting.
Simple statement of non-existence.
先生、病気です。
Teacher, I am sick.
Simple statement of condition.
明日、来ません。
I will not come tomorrow.
Simple negation of coming.
家で寝ています。
I am sleeping at home.
Describing current location and activity.
約束はできません。
I cannot make a promise/appointment.
Negation of ability to make an appointment.
父が病院です。
My father is at the hospital.
Stating someone's location.
体調が悪いので、学校を欠席します。
I will be absent from school because I feel unwell.
Using ので (node) to give a reason for absence.
明日の会議に欠席してもいいですか。
Is it okay if I am absent from tomorrow's meeting?
Asking for permission using 〜てもいいですか (temo ii desu ka).
彼は約束の時間に欠席しました。
He was absent at the time of the appointment.
Past tense of 欠席する.
重要な会議なので、欠席できません。
It is an important meeting, so I cannot be absent.
Using できない (dekinai) for inability to be absent.
急用のため、パーティーを欠席しました。
I was absent from the party due to an urgent matter.
Using 〜ため (tame) to state a reason.
来週のクラスは欠席する予定です。
I plan to be absent from next week's class.
Using 〜予定です (yotei desu) for future plans.
彼女はいつも授業に欠席します。
She is always absent from class.
Using always (いつも - itsumo) with the verb.
病気なので、今日は休みます。
I am sick, so I will take the day off today.
Combining a reason with 休みます.
健康上の理由により、明日の研修を欠席させていただきます。
Due to health reasons, I will humbly be absent from tomorrow's training.
Using 〜により (ni yori) for formal reasons and 〜させていただきます for politeness.
彼は先週の会議を欠席したことを、皆に伝えてください。
Please tell everyone that he was absent from last week's meeting.
Reporting a past absence to others.
もし可能であれば、明日のプレゼンテーションは欠席したいのですが。
If possible, I would like to be absent from tomorrow's presentation, but...
Expressing a desire to be absent using 〜たいのですが (tai no desu ga).
事故のため、彼はしばらくの間、業務を欠席することになった。
Due to an accident, he has decided to be absent from work for a while.
Using 〜ことになった (koto ni natta) for a decided course of action.
この重要なイベントを欠席するのは残念です。
It is regrettable to be absent from this important event.
Expressing regret about absence.
裁判所からの召喚状により、彼は欠席せざるを得なかった。
Due to a summons from the court, he had no choice but to be absent.
Using 〜せざるを得なかった (sezaru o enakatta) - had no choice but to.
彼女は以前から予定されていた旅行のため、会議を欠席した。
She was absent from the meeting due to a previously scheduled trip.
Explaining absence with a prior engagement.
インフルエンザが流行しているため、多くの生徒が欠席しています。
Due to the flu epidemic, many students are absent.
Describing a widespread absence due to an epidemic.
担当者が急病のため、本日の打ち合わせは欠席させていただきます。
Due to the person in charge suddenly falling ill, I will humbly be absent from today's meeting.
Using 急病 (kyūbyō - sudden illness) and a very polite form of notification.
彼の度重なる欠席は、プロジェクトの遅延に拍車をかけている。
His repeated absences are accelerating the project's delay.
Using 度重なる (tabikasanaru - repeated) and 拍車をかける (hakusha o kakeru - to accelerate).
やむを得ない事情により、本日の株主総会を欠席せざるを得ません。
Due to unavoidable circumstances, I have no choice but to be absent from today's shareholders' meeting.
Using やむを得ない事情 (yamu o enai jijō - unavoidable circumstances) and せざるを得ません (sezaru o emasen - have no choice but to).
彼女の欠席により、ディスカッションの活気が失われた。
Due to her absence, the liveliness of the discussion was lost.
Describing the impact of an absence on group dynamics.
病状が改善しないため、医師は彼にしばらくの間、公務を欠席するよう勧告した。
As his condition did not improve, the doctor advised him to be absent from public duties for a while.
Using 勧告した (kankoku shita - advised/recommended).
長期間の欠席は、キャリアに悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
A long-term absence can have a negative impact on one's career.
Discussing the potential consequences of absence.
今回の研修プログラムは、個人的な理由で欠席する者が多かった。
Many participants were absent from this training program due to personal reasons.
Referring to absence due to unspecified personal reasons.
彼女の突然の欠席は、チームの士気に影響を与えた。
Her sudden absence affected the team's morale.
Using 士気 (shiki - morale) and 影響を与えた (eikyō o ataeta - affected).
予期せぬ家庭の事情により、明日開催される重要な会議を欠席せざるを得ない状況となりました。
Due to unforeseen family circumstances, it has become a situation where I have no choice but to be absent from the important meeting to be held tomorrow.
Highly formal phrasing with 予期せぬ (yokisenu - unforeseen), 〜状況となりました (jōkyō to narimashita - it has become a situation), and せざるを得ない (sezaru o enai - have no choice but to).
彼の度重なる欠席は、単なる偶然ではなく、組織への不満の表れであると解釈されかねない。
His repeated absences could be interpreted not merely as a coincidence, but as a manifestation of dissatisfaction with the organization.
Using 解釈されかねない (kaishaku sarekanenai - could be interpreted) and 表れ (araware - manifestation).
本件に関する法的手続きのため、やむを得ず、本日の公聴会を欠席することになりました。
Due to legal proceedings related to this matter, I have unavoidably decided to be absent from today's public hearing.
Very formal legalistic language: 本件 (honken - this matter), 法的手続き (hōteki tetsuzuki - legal proceedings), 公聴会 (kōchōkai - public hearing).
彼女の欠席は、チームの結束力を弱め、プロジェクトの推進に少なからぬ影響を与えた。
Her absence weakened the team's cohesion and had a considerable impact on the project's progress.
Using 結束力 (kessokuryoku - cohesion), 推進 (suishin - progress/propulsion), and 少なからぬ影響 (sukunaka naru eikyō - considerable impact).
病状の悪化により、医師の強い勧告に従い、彼は長期にわたり公務を欠席せざるを得なかった。
Due to the worsening of his condition, and following the doctor's strong recommendation, he had no choice but to be absent from public duties for an extended period.
Using 病状の悪化 (byōjō no akka - worsening of condition), 強い勧告 (tsuyoi kankoku - strong recommendation), and 長期にわたり (chōki ni watari - for an extended period).
長期にわたる欠席は、単に業務から離れるだけでなく、組織内での自身の立場や人間関係にも変化をもたらす可能性がある。
A long-term absence not only means stepping away from duties but can also bring about changes in one's position and relationships within the organization.
Discussing the broader implications of absence on organizational dynamics and relationships.
今回の人事異動により、複数の部署で中心人物の欠席が予想され、業務への影響が懸念されている。
Due to this personnel change, the absence of key individuals is expected in multiple departments, and concerns are being raised about the impact on operations.
Using 人事異動 (jinji idō - personnel change), 中心人物 (chūshin jinbutsu - key individual), and 懸念されている (kenen sarete iru - concerns are being raised).
彼の度重なる欠席は、単なる体調不良の範疇を超え、組織文化に対する無関心の表れと見なされ始めている。
His repeated absences are beginning to be seen not just as a matter of poor health, but as a manifestation of indifference towards the organizational culture.
Using 範疇を超える (hanchū o koeru - exceed the scope of), 無関心 (mukanshin - indifference), and 見なされ始めている (minasare hajime te iru - beginning to be seen as).
その政治家の度重なる欠席は、国民の政治不信を煽る一因となり、彼の支持率低下に拍車をかけた。
The politician's repeated absences became one factor fanning the flames of public distrust in politics, accelerating the decline in his approval ratings.
Sophisticated political commentary: 政治不信 (seijifushin - distrust in politics), 煽る (aoru - to fan the flames), 支持率低下 (shijiritsu teika - decline in approval ratings).
彼の公務における長期間の欠席は、単なる病気療養という表向きの理由を超え、組織内での権力闘争の影を思わせる。
His prolonged absence from public duties, beyond the ostensible reason of illness recovery, suggests shadows of power struggles within the organization.
Nuanced interpretation of absence: 表向きの理由 (omote muki no riyū - ostensible reason), 権力闘争 (kenryoku tōsō - power struggle), 影を思わせる (kage o omowaseru - suggests shadows of).
その芸術家の制作過程における度重なる欠席は、彼の芸術的探求の深さと、既存の枠組みへの挑戦という側面を浮き彫りにした。
The artist's repeated absences during the creative process highlighted the depth of his artistic exploration and his challenge to existing frameworks.
Artistic interpretation: 芸術的探求 (geijutsuteki tankyū - artistic exploration), 既存の枠組み (kizon no wakugumi - existing frameworks), 浮き彫りにした (ukibori ni shita - highlighted).
彼の欠席を巡る憶測は、単なるゴシップの域を超え、組織の透明性や説明責任に対する疑問を投げかけるものとなった。
The speculation surrounding his absence transcended mere gossip, posing questions about the organization's transparency and accountability.
Focus on speculation and accountability: 憶測 (okusoku - speculation), ゴシップ (goshipu - gossip), 説明責任 (setsumei sekinin - accountability), 疑問を投げかける (gimon o nagekakeru - to pose questions).
その大学教授の長期間にわたる欠席は、学術界における彼の貢献の大きさと、その不在がもたらす学術的空白の深刻さを浮き彫りにした。
The university professor's prolonged absence highlighted the magnitude of his contribution to academia and the seriousness of the academic void his absence created.
Academic impact: 学術界 (gakujutsukai - academia), 学術的空白 (gakujutsuteki kūhaku - academic void), 深刻さ (shinkokusa - seriousness).
彼の度重なる欠席は、社会的な規範や期待に対する彼の潜在的な反抗心、あるいは単にそれらへの無関心さの表れと解釈することも可能である。
His repeated absences can also be interpreted as a manifestation of his latent rebelliousness towards social norms and expectations, or simply his indifference towards them.
Psychological interpretation: 潜在的な反抗心 (senzai teki na hankōshin - latent rebelliousness), 社会的な規範 (shakaiteki na kihan - social norms), 無関心さ (mukanshin sa - indifference).
その企業のCEOの度重なる欠席は、経営陣内部の亀裂を示唆しており、投資家たちの間に不安を増幅させている。
The CEO's repeated absences suggest a rift within the management team, amplifying anxiety among investors.
Business implications: 経営陣 (keieijin - management team), 亀裂 (kiretsu - rift/crack), 不安を増幅させる (fuan o zōfuku saseru - to amplify anxiety).
彼の公務からの長期欠席は、単に健康上の問題に起因するものではなく、むしろ政治的キャリアにおける戦略的な撤退であるとの見方も存在する。
His long absence from public duties is not solely attributable to health issues; rather, there is also a view that it is a strategic withdrawal in his political career.
Strategic interpretation: 起因する (kiin suru - to be attributable to), 戦略的な撤退 (senryaku teki na tettai - strategic withdrawal).
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
— I will be absent. / I will not attend.
明日の会議は欠席します。 (Ashita no kaigi wa kesseki shimasu.) I will be absent from tomorrow's meeting.
— I was absent. / I was not present.
昨日の授業を欠席しました。 (Kinō no jugyō o kesseki shimashita.) I was absent from yesterday's class.
— I plan to be absent. / I am scheduled to be absent.
来週、旅行のため欠席する予定です。 (Raishū, ryokō no tame kesseki suru yotei desu.) I plan to be absent next week due to a trip.
— Have no choice but to be absent.
やむを得ない事情で、欠席せざるを得ませんでした。 (Yamu o enai jijō de, kesseki sezaru o emasen deshita.) Due to unavoidable circumstances, I had no choice but to be absent.
— I will humbly be absent. (Very polite notification)
健康上の理由により、本日は欠席させていただきます。 (Kenkōjō no riyū ni yori, honjitsu wa kesseki sasete itadakimasu.) Due to health reasons, I will humbly be absent today.
— Notification of absence.
欠席の連絡は、早めにお願いします。 (Kesseki no renraku wa, hayame ni onegaishimasu.) Please notify us of your absence as soon as possible.
— Reason for absence.
欠席理由を詳しく教えていただけますか？ (Kesseki riyū o kuwashiku oshiete itadakemasu ka?) Could you please tell me the reason for your absence in detail?
— Absence notification form.
欠席届を事務室に提出してください。 (Kesseki todoke o jimushitsu ni teishutsu shite kudasai.) Please submit the absence notification form to the office.
— List of absent persons.
会議の前に、欠席者リストを確認しましょう。 (Kaigi no mae ni, kesseki sha risuto o kakunin shimashō.) Let's check the list of absent persons before the meeting.
— To be absent frequently.
彼は授業を欠席することが多いです。 (Kare wa jugyō o kesseki suru koto ga ooi desu.) He is often absent from class.
يُخلط عادةً مع
While both indicate non-attendance, 休みます is more general and can mean 'to take a day off' or 'to rest', whereas 欠席する specifically refers to being absent from a scheduled event or place where attendance is expected.
This means 'not to participate'. It's broader than 欠席する and can refer to not joining an activity even if physically present, or simply declining to join an event altogether.
This means 'to be late', which is different from being completely absent. 欠席する means not showing up at all.
تعبيرات اصطلاحية
— To step away from one's seat or place temporarily. It's similar to 留守にする but often implies a shorter duration and being away from a specific spot rather than a whole location like home.
すみません、少し席を外します。 (Sumimasen, sukoshi seki o hazushimasu.) Excuse me, I will step away from my seat for a moment.
Neutral— To be out of contact, unreachable. While not directly meaning absence, it implies someone is not present and cannot be reached, often for an extended period.
長期間、彼とは音信不通だ。 (Chōkikan, kare to wa onshin futsū da.) I haven't heard from him for a long time.
Neutral/Slightly Formal— To be missing, unaccounted for. This is a strong term implying someone's whereabouts are unknown, a severe form of absence.
事故の後、彼は行方不明になった。 (Jiko no ato, kare wa yukuefumei ni natta.) After the accident, he went missing.
Formal— To disappear without a trace, often to evade responsibility or hide. It implies a deliberate and mysterious absence.
彼は借金を残して雲隠れした。 (Kare wa shakkin o nokoshite kumogakure shita.) He disappeared leaving behind his debts.
Informal/Figurative— To disappear, to vanish. Similar to 雲隠れ, but can be used in less dramatic situations.
突然、彼女は姿を消した。 (Totsuzen, kanojo wa sugata o kesu.) Suddenly, she vanished.
Neutral— Not to show one's face, not to appear. Similar to not attending, often used in social contexts where one is expected to be present.
最近、彼は全然顔を出さないね。 (Saikin, kare wa zenzen kao o dasanai ne.) He hasn't shown his face at all recently, has he?
Informal— Empty seat. This refers to the state of absence rather than the act of being absent.
彼の席は空席だった。 (Kare no seki wa kūseki datta.) His seat was empty.
Neutral— Trial in absentia. This is a legal term where a trial proceeds even if the defendant is absent.
日本では、欠席裁判は原則として認められていない。 (Nihon de wa, kesseki saiban wa gensoku toshite mitomerarete inai.) In Japan, trials in absentia are generally not permitted.
Legal/Formal— Written statement of absence reason.
欠席理由書を提出してください。 (Kesseki riyū sho o teishutsu shite kudasai.) Please submit a written statement of your reason for absence.
Formal— Absence marks/points. Used in academic settings where absences might affect grades.
欠席点が多いと単位が取れない。 (Kesseki ten ga ooi to tan'i ga torenai.) If you have too many absence marks, you cannot get credit.
Academic/Formalسهل الخلط
Both words indicate not being present.
休みます is general for taking a day off or resting (e.g., sick day). 欠席する is specific to missing a scheduled event like a class, meeting, or appointment where attendance is expected. 欠席する is more formal.
明日は体調が悪いので、会社を休みます。 (Ashita wa taichō ga warui node, kaisha o yasumimasu.) - I will take the day off from work tomorrow because I don't feel well. (General absence) 明日の会議には急用のため、欠席します。 (Ashita no kaigi ni wa kyūyō no tame, kesseki shimasu.) - I will be absent from tomorrow's meeting due to an urgent matter. (Specific event absence)
Both can result in not being at an event.
参加しない means 'not to participate'. It can encompass not attending, but also not taking part in an activity even if present. 欠席する specifically means not being physically present at a scheduled event or place.
パーティーには参加しないことにしました。 (Pātī ni wa sanka shinai koto ni shimashita.) - I decided not to participate in the party. (Could mean not going or not joining activities) パーティーには欠席します。 (Pātī ni wa kesseki shimasu.) - I will be absent from the party. (Implies not attending physically)
Both relate to not being on time or present for an event.
遅刻する means 'to be late'. 欠席する means 'to be absent' entirely. You cannot be both late and absent simultaneously; one excludes the other.
会議に遅刻しました。 (Kaigi ni chikoku shimashita.) - I was late for the meeting. 会議を欠席しました。 (Kaigi o kesseki shimashita.) - I was absent from the meeting.
Both describe a state of not being in a particular place.
留守にする means 'to be away from home' or 'to leave one's post/usual place'. It's often used for residences or workplaces generally. 欠席する is specifically for missing a scheduled event or appointment.
今日は一日中家を留守にします。 (Kyō wa ichinichijū ie o rusu ni shimasu.) - I will be away from home all day today. 明日の授業は欠席します。 (Ashita no jugyō wa kesseki shimasu.) - I will be absent from tomorrow's class.
Both imply not showing up.
現れない means 'not to appear' or 'not to show up'. It's often used when someone unexpectedly fails to turn up for something casual or when their appearance is expected but doesn't happen. 欠席する is more formal and tied to scheduled events.
約束の時間になっても彼は現れなかった。 (Yakusoku no jikan ni natte mo kare wa arawarenakatta.) - He didn't show up even at the appointed time. (Casual, unexpected) 彼は会議を欠席しました。 (Kare wa kaigi o kesseki shimashita.) - He was absent from the meeting. (Formal, scheduled event)
أنماط الجُمل
Object (event/place) + を + 欠席します。
明日の授業を欠席します。 (Ashita no jugyō o kesseki shimasu.)
Reason + ので/ため + Object + を + 欠席しました。
病気のため、今日の会議を欠席しました。 (Byōki no tame, kyō no kaigi o kesseki shimashita.)
Event + は + 欠席させていただきます。
本日は欠席させていただきます。 (Honjitsu wa kesseki sasete itadakimasu.)
Event + を + 欠席する + 予定です。
来週の研修を欠席する予定です。 (Raishū no kenshū o kesseki suru yotei desu.)
Subject + は + 理由 + により + Event + を + 欠席せざるを得ない。
やむを得ない事情により、会議を欠席せざるを得ません。 (Yamu o enai jijō ni yori, kaigi o kesseki sezaru o emasen.)
度重なる欠席 + は + 問題だ/懸念される。
度重なる欠席は問題視されています。 (Tabikasanaru kesseki wa mondai shi sarete imasu.)
Noun Phrase (describing the situation) + のため、Event + を + 欠席せざるを得ない状況となった。
予期せぬ家庭の事情のため、明日の会議を欠席せざるを得ない状況となりました。 (Yokisenu katei no jijō no tame, ashita no kaigi o kesseki sezaru o enai jōkyō to narimashita.)
Event + への + 欠席 + は + (Impact) + を + もたらす。
彼の欠席は、チームの士気低下をもたらした。 (Kare no kesseki wa, chīmu no shikitieka o motarashita.)
عائلة الكلمة
الأسماء
الأفعال
مرتبط
كيفية الاستخدام
High in formal and semi-formal contexts.
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Using 欠席する for casual social events.
→
For casual events, use 行けません (ikemasen - I can't go) or 参加しません (sanka shimasen - I won't participate).
欠席する is too formal for informal gatherings like parties with friends. It sounds unnatural and overly stiff, potentially even sarcastic.
-
Confusing 欠席する with 遅刻する.
→
If you will be late, use 遅刻します (chikoku shimasu). If you will not attend at all, use 欠席します (kesseki shimasu).
遅刻する means 'to be late', while 欠席する means 'to be absent'. They are mutually exclusive concepts; you cannot be both late and absent for the same event.
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Overusing the humble form 欠席させていただきます for minor absences.
→
For simple sick days or minor inconveniences, using 休みます (yasumimasu - to take a day off) is often more natural than the very polite 欠席させていただきます.
While 欠席させていただきます is polite, it can sound overly formal or even insincere if used for trivial reasons. It's best reserved for situations where a formal notification is truly required.
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Forgetting to conjugate the verb 欠席する.
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Conjugate 欠席する based on the tense and politeness level (e.g., 欠席します, 欠席した, 欠席する予定です).
Like all Japanese verbs, 欠席する needs to be conjugated to fit the grammatical context of the sentence, whether it's present, past, future, or a specific politeness level.
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Using 欠席する when 参加しない is more appropriate.
→
Use 参加しない (sanka shinai) if you mean 'not to participate' in an activity, which might include not being present but could also mean not engaging even if present. Use 欠席する for physical absence from a scheduled event.
参加しない is broader and refers to non-participation, while 欠席する specifically refers to physical absence from a designated event or place.
نصائح
Formality Matters
Remember that 欠席する is a formal verb. While acceptable in many contexts, in very casual situations with close friends, using simpler phrases like '行けない' (ikenai - can't go) is more natural. For official notifications, the 〜させていただきます (sasete itadakimasu) form is highly recommended.
Master the 'Sse' Sound
The doubled 's' in 欠席 (kesseki) is important. Practice saying it with a slightly longer, sharper 's' sound than a single 's'. This will help distinguish it from similar-sounding words and improve clarity.
Punctuality and Notification
In Japan, being on time and notifying others of your absence is highly valued. If you need to 欠席する, try to inform the relevant parties as early as possible, especially in academic and professional settings.
Visualize the Empty Seat
Use the visual association of an empty seat (席 - seki) representing a lack (欠 - ketsu) of a person. This mental image can help you recall the meaning of 欠席する.
Sentence Building
Create your own sentences using 欠席する with different reasons and in various tenses. This active practice will solidify your understanding and ability to use the word correctly.
Know Your Alternatives
Be aware of similar words like 休みます (yasumimasu) and 参加しない (sanka shinai). Understanding their nuances will prevent misuse and allow for more precise communication.
Deconstruct the Kanji
Understanding that 欠 means 'lack' and 席 means 'seat' provides a literal interpretation: 'lack of a seat,' which directly translates to absence. This etymological insight can aid memorization.
Role-Playing Scenarios
Imagine scenarios where you need to 欠席する (e.g., calling in sick for work, informing your professor about missing a lecture). Practice what you would say in Japanese.
Regular Review
Periodically review the definition, example sentences, and common mistakes associated with 欠席する to ensure it remains fresh in your memory.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Imagine a classroom where the teacher is calling roll. One student is missing, so there's an empty 'seat' (席 - seki). This absence is a 'lack' (欠 - ketsu) of the student. So, 欠席する means to be absent because your seat is lacking a person.
ربط بصري
Picture an empty chair in a classroom or meeting room. The chair represents the 'seat' (席), and its emptiness signifies the 'lack' (欠) of someone being there. This visual directly connects to 欠席する.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Try to explain in Japanese why you might have to 欠席する from a hypothetical event, using at least two different reasons.
أصل الكلمة
The word 欠席 (kesseki) is a Sino-Japanese compound word. 欠 (ketsu) means 'lack,' 'defect,' or 'missing,' and 席 (seki) means 'seat,' 'place,' or 'session.' Together, they literally mean 'a lack of a seat' or 'missing one's seat,' directly implying absence from a place or event.
المعنى الأصلي: A lack of one's seat.
Sino-Japanese (Kanji compound)السياق الثقافي
It's important to use 欠席する appropriately. Using it for very casual social gatherings might sound overly formal or even sarcastic. Conversely, failing to use it or a similar formal term when expected can be perceived as rude or unprofessional.
In English-speaking cultures, 'to be absent' is a common and neutral term. While politeness is appreciated, the formal structure around notifying absence might be less emphasized compared to Japan, especially for less formal events.
تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية
سياقات واقعية
School attendance
- 授業を欠席します。
- 病気のため欠席しました。
- 欠席届を提出してください。
Business meetings
- 会議を欠席させていただきます。
- 急用のため、会議を欠席します。
- 欠席者リストを確認してください。
Appointments
- 予約していた歯科検診を欠席することになりました。
- 約束の時間に欠席してしまい、申し訳ありません。
- やむを得ない事情で、面接を欠席せざるを得ません。
Social events (formal)
- 残念ながら、パーティーを欠席します。
- 招待状に欠席と記入しました。
- 結婚式を欠席することになり、残念です。
Official notifications
- 健康上の理由で、本日は欠席いたします。
- 公聴会を欠席せざるを得ない状況です。
- 欠席理由を詳しくお伝えください。
بدايات محادثة
"Have you ever had to 欠席する from an important event? What was the reason?"
"How do you usually inform your teacher or boss if you need to 欠席する?"
"In your country, what are the common reasons for students to 欠席する from school?"
"What are the consequences if you 欠席する from work too often in Japan?"
"Can you think of a situation where using 欠席する would be more appropriate than just saying 'I can't go'?"
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
Write about a time you had to 欠席する from school or work. Describe the circumstances and how you felt about it.
Imagine you are a teacher. How would you respond to a student who needs to 欠席する from your class?
Reflect on the importance of attendance in Japanese culture. How does the verb 欠席する fit into this cultural context?
Compare and contrast the Japanese verb 欠席する with the English phrase 'to be absent'. Are there any nuances that are lost in translation?
Write a formal email to your professor explaining why you will need to 欠席する from their lecture next week.
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلة休みます is a general term for taking a day off or resting, often used for sick days or personal breaks. 欠席する is more formal and specifically refers to being absent from a scheduled event like a class, meeting, or appointment where your attendance is expected. For example, you would say '病気なので休みます' (I'm sick, so I'll take the day off) but '会議を欠席します' (I will be absent from the meeting).
Yes, but typically for more formal social events like weddings, banquets, or official receptions. For casual gatherings with friends, it's more natural to use phrases like '行けません' (ikemasen - I can't go) or '参加しません' (sanka shimasen - I won't participate).
In formal situations, it's best to use the 〜させていただきます (sasete itadakimasu) form. For example, '明日は都合により、会議を欠席させていただきます' (Ashita wa tsugō ni yori, kaigi o kesseki sasete itadakimasu - Due to personal reasons, I will humbly be absent from tomorrow's meeting).
The noun form is 欠席 (kesseki), which means 'absence'.
Yes, absolutely. It's commonly used for appointments with doctors, dentists, or for job interviews. For example, '予約していた歯科検診を欠席することになりました' (Yoyaku shite ita shika kenshin o kesseki suru koto ni narimashita - It has been decided that I will be absent from the dental check-up I had scheduled).
If you will be late, you should use the verb 遅刻する (chikoku suru). For example, '会議に遅刻します' (Kaigi ni chikoku shimasu - I will be late for the meeting).
You can use the negative form 欠席しない (kesseki shinai) or the stronger form 欠席できません (kesseki dekimasen - I cannot be absent). For example, '明日の会議は重要なので、欠席できません' (Ashita no kaigi wa jūyō na node, kesseki dekimasen - Tomorrow's meeting is important, so I cannot be absent).
'度重なる欠席' (tabikasanaru kesseki) means 'repeated absences'. It implies someone has been absent multiple times, which can often be viewed negatively, especially in work or school contexts.
While there isn't a single direct translation for 'excused absence', the context usually implies it. For example, if you provide a doctor's note, your absence is implicitly excused. Phrases like '正当な理由による欠席' (seitō na riyū ni yoru kesseki - absence due to a valid reason) can be used.
欠席する focuses on not being physically present at a scheduled event or place. 不参加 means 'non-participation' and is broader; you might not participate even if you are present, or you might simply decline to join an activity or event.
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Summary
欠席する (kesseki suru) is the formal Japanese verb for being absent from expected events like classes, meetings, or appointments, often requiring notification.
- To be absent from school, work, or appointments.
- Formal verb for non-attendance.
- Often used with reasons like illness or prior commitments.
Formality Matters
Remember that 欠席する is a formal verb. While acceptable in many contexts, in very casual situations with close friends, using simpler phrases like '行けない' (ikenai - can't go) is more natural. For official notifications, the 〜させていただきます (sasete itadakimasu) form is highly recommended.
Context is Key
Always consider the context. Is it a school class, a business meeting, or a casual party? The formality of the situation will guide you in choosing the most appropriate way to express your absence. 欠席する is best for situations where your presence is expected.
Master the 'Sse' Sound
The doubled 's' in 欠席 (kesseki) is important. Practice saying it with a slightly longer, sharper 's' sound than a single 's'. This will help distinguish it from similar-sounding words and improve clarity.
Punctuality and Notification
In Japan, being on time and notifying others of your absence is highly valued. If you need to 欠席する, try to inform the relevant parties as early as possible, especially in academic and professional settings.
محتوى ذو صلة
هذه الكلمة بلغات أخرى
عبارات ذات صلة
مزيد من كلمات education
抽象的
A1Describes something that is based on general ideas or concepts rather than specific physical objects or examples. It is often used to talk about thoughts, art, or explanations that are not easy to see or touch.
後天的
B2يشير إلى الصفات أو المهارات المكتسبة من خلال الخبرة بعد الولادة. 'هذه المهارة ليست فطرية بل هي صفة مكتسبة.'
応用
A1عملية تطبيق مبدأ أو معرفة على موقف عملي.
適性
B2الاستعداد الطبيعي أو الملاءمة لدور أو مهمة معينة. 'لديه استعداد كبير للقيادة.'
恣意的
B2مبني على خيار عشوائي أو نزوة شخصية، بدلاً من أي سبب أو نظام.
出席する
A2سأحضر الاجتماع غداً في المكتب.
ボールペン
A2قلم الحبر الجاف هو أداة كتابة شائعة. في اليابان، يعتبر 'bōrupen' ضروريًا للتوقيع على المستندات الرسمية.
基本
A1Kihon refers to the fundamentals or basics of a subject, skill, or system. it describes the essential foundation that one must master before advancing to more complex levels.
有益
B2شيء مفيد أو نافع. كانت هذه المعلومات مفيدة جداً لمشروعي. يجب أن نقضي وقتنا بشكل نافع.
黒板
A2سبورة تستخدم في المدارس للكتابة بالطباشير.
