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B2 noun 8 دقیقه مطالعه

是認

zenin

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 是認 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 是認 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '是認' (zenin) is too difficult. You should focus on simple words like 'いい' (good) or 'はい' (yes). 'Zenin' is a very formal word used in news or law. Imagine you are saying something is 'very, very okay' in a serious way. But for now, just remember that Japanese has special 'heavy' words for 'yes' and 'no' in serious situations.

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At the A2 level, you might see '是認' in a news headline, but you don't need to use it. It means 'to say something is right.' Think of it as a formal version of '認める' (mitomeru - to recognize/admit). If a teacher says your answer is correct, they might 'recognize' it. If a judge says a law is correct, they 'zenin' it. It's a word for big, important things.

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At the B1 level, you should start recognizing '是認' in formal reading. It is a 'suru-verb.' It means 'to approve' or 'to accept something as right.' It is different from 'agreeing' (賛成) because it focuses on whether something is correct or valid. You might see it in sentences like 'Violence is not zenin-ed' (Violence is not accepted as right).

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At the B2 level, you should be able to use '是認' in formal writing and understand its nuance. It implies a logical or moral judgment. You use it when discussing social issues, legal matters, or academic theories. It often appears in the negative form '是認できない' (unacceptable/cannot be approved). It conveys a sense of objective validation rather than personal feeling.

At the C1 level, you must master the subtle distinctions between '是認' and its synonyms like '肯定' (affirmation) or '認容' (tolerance). 'Zenin' specifically carries the kanji for 'justice/rightness' (是), implying that the approval is based on a standard of truth or propriety. You should use it in essays to discuss the legitimacy of political actions or the ethical acceptance of new technologies.

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At the C2 level, '是認' is used to discuss ontological or deeply philosophical concepts. For instance, 'self-affirmation' (自己是認) in psychology or the 'recognition of the status quo' (現状是認) in political science. You should be comfortable with its use in complex legal precedents and high-level diplomatic discourse, where the 'zenin' of a treaty or a boundary is a matter of significant international weight.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

是認 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A formal word for 'approval' or 'acceptance' based on moral or logical correctness.
Commonly used in news, law, and politics to validate actions or theories.
Often appears as the suru-verb '是認する' or the negative '是認できない'.
Distinguished from 'sansei' (agreement) by its focus on objective 'rightness' (是).

The Japanese word 是認 (ぜにん, zenin) is a sophisticated noun and suru-verb that carries the weight of moral, logical, or formal approval. At its core, it means to acknowledge something as 'right' (是) and 'recognize' (認) it as such. Unlike the everyday word for 'approval' or 'agreement,' zenin implies a deeper level of judgment. It is not just about saying 'yes' to a request; it is about validating the existence, legitimacy, or righteousness of a concept, action, or state of affairs. In English, we often translate it as 'approval,' 'endorsement,' or 'acceptance,' but specifically in contexts where one is judging the validity of a situation. For example, a court might zenin a previous ruling, or a philosopher might zenin a particular ethical framework. It is rarely used in casual conversation between friends about where to eat lunch; instead, you will encounter it in legal documents, political speeches, academic critiques, and high-level news reporting. The nuance is essentially: 'I have examined this, and I find it to be correct and acceptable.'

Formal Validation: This word is used when an authority or a logical process confirms that something is legitimate. It is the act of giving a 'green light' based on a standard of correctness.
Moral Acceptance: It often appears in discussions about ethics. When society 'zenin' a behavior, it means they no longer view it as 'wrong' or 'taboo.'
The 'Rightness' Factor: The first kanji, 是 (ze), specifically means 'justice' or 'the right way.' Thus, zenin is inextricably linked to the concept of truth and propriety.

政府は新法案の妥当性を是認した。
(The government approved the validity of the new bill.)

暴力はいかなる理由があっても是認されるべきではない。
(Violence should not be approved/accepted for any reason.)

現状を是認することは、進歩を止めることと同じだ。
(Accepting the status quo is the same as stopping progress.)

In summary, zenin is a high-level vocabulary word that bridges the gap between 'agreeing' and 'validating.' It suggests a conscious decision to view a state of affairs as correct. If you are reading a Japanese newspaper and see an editorial discussing whether the public zenin a new tax hike, they aren't just asking if people like it; they are asking if people recognize it as a necessary and 'right' course of action. This distinction is crucial for reaching N1 or B2 proficiency levels, where the nuance of 'rightness' versus 'mere permission' (許可) becomes important.

Using 是認 (ぜにん) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility as a noun-verb. Most commonly, it functions as a suru-verb (是認する), taking a direct object with the particle を (wo). Because it is a formal word, it is often paired with abstract nouns like 'validity' (妥当性), 'current situation' (現状), 'facts' (事実), or 'actions' (行為). It is also frequently found in the passive voice (是認される), especially when discussing societal norms or universal truths. When you use zenin, you are signaling to your listener that you are speaking about principles rather than personal preferences.

Standard Active Usage: [Subject] は [Object] を是認する。
Example: 委員会は報告書の内容を是認した。 (The committee approved the contents of the report.)
Passive for Universal Rules: [Action] は是認されない。
Example: 差別は決して是認されない。 (Discrimination is never accepted/approved.)
Noun Form with 'No': [Object] の是認。
Example: 社会的是認を得る。 (To gain social approval.)

彼は自分の過ちを是認しようとしなかった。
(He would not admit/approve of his own mistake as a reality.)

国際社会はその軍事行動を是認しなかった。
(The international community did not approve of that military action.)

その理論は科学界で広く是認されている。
(That theory is widely accepted in the scientific community.)

When writing, remember that zenin is a 'stiff' word (kago). If you use it in an email to a close friend about a movie recommendation, it will sound bizarrely formal, like you are a judge presiding over their cinematic tastes. However, in a business report evaluating a new strategy, it is the perfect word to convey that the strategy is not just 'okay' but fundamentally sound and correct. It carries a sense of objective verification that words like sansei (agreement) lack.

You are most likely to encounter 是認 (ぜにん) in environments where logic, law, and formal policy intersect. It is a staple of 'Kisha Kaiken' (press conferences) held by government officials or CEOs. When a spokesperson says, 'We cannot zenin these actions,' they are making a definitive moral stance. You will also hear it frequently in legal dramas or real-life court reporting. In legal terms, zenin refers to the court's recognition of a fact or the validity of a contract. It is the language of the 'high-brow' world.

News Broadcasts (Houdou): Broadcasters use zenin to describe international relations. 'The UN did not zenin the results of the election.'
Academic Lectures (Kougi): Professors in philosophy, law, or sociology use it to discuss the acceptance of theories or social changes. 'Has society zenin-ed this new ethical standard?'
Corporate Governance: In board meetings, directors might zenin a merger or a major shift in company policy after a thorough audit.

裁判所は検察側の主張を是認した。
(The court approved/accepted the prosecution's claim.)

与党内でもその政策を是認する声は少ない。
(Even within the ruling party, few voices approve of that policy.)

歴史的背景を無視して現状を是認することはできない。
(We cannot accept the current situation while ignoring the historical background.)

To truly master this word, listen for it in the 'Commentary' (Kaisetsu) sections of news programs. When experts analyze a situation, they use zenin to draw a line between what is logically sound and what is not. It is a word of 'Discernment.' In a world of 'fake news' and conflicting opinions, the act of zenin is the act of deciding what is officially recognized as true or right.

Because 是認 (ぜにん) is a formal synonym for 'approval,' many learners mistakenly use it in place of simpler words like sansei (agreement) or shounin (approval). The most common mistake is using it in personal or casual settings. If you say to a friend, 'I zenin your choice of shirt,' you will sound like a robot or a Victorian judge. Another mistake is confusing it with koutei (affirmation). While similar, koutei is about saying 'Yes' to a proposition, while zenin is about acknowledging that something is 'Right' or 'Justified.'

Mistake: Casual Usage: Incorrect: 友達の意見を是認する。 (Too formal for a friend's opinion.)
Correct: 友達の意見に賛成する。 (I agree with my friend's opinion.)
Mistake: Confusing with 承認 (Shounin): Shounin is for administrative approval (e.g., a boss approving a vacation). Zenin is for moral/logical approval (e.g., a society approving a lifestyle).
Mistake: Misunderstanding the Kanji: Don't confuse 是 (right) with ぜ (the particle). They sound the same but are unrelated. 是 means 'the truth' or 'the right way.'

× 上司に休暇を是認してもらった。
○ 上司に休暇を承認してもらった。
(Zenin is not for 'permission' from a boss.)

× 彼の結婚を是認する。
○ 彼の結婚を認める。
(Zenin sounds like you are judging the moral validity of the marriage itself.)

不当な差別を是認するような発言は許されない。
(Remarks that seem to approve of unjust discrimination are not allowed.)

Lastly, be careful with the pronunciation. It is 'Zenin' (ze-n-i-n), not 'Zen-in' (which could mean 'all members' - 全員). While they sound slightly different to a native ear (the 'n' in 全員 is usually followed by a slight glottal stop or long vowel sound), a learner might mix them up. Always context-check: are you talking about 'everyone' (全員) or 'approval' (是認)?

Japanese has many words for 'approval' or 'acceptance,' each with its own specific territory. Understanding where 是認 (ぜにん) fits on this map is key to advanced fluency. It sits in the 'Formal/Abstract/Moral' quadrant. If you want to say you agree with a plan, use sansei. If you want to say you have officially approved a document, use shounin. If you want to say you are looking at something positively, use koutei. If you are 'putting up' with something, use kyoyou.

肯定 (Koutei) - Affirmation: The opposite of 'denial' (hitei). It means saying 'Yes, that is true.' Zenin is 'Yes, that is right.'
承認 (Shounin) - Approval/Recognition: Administrative or official approval. Used for contracts, requests, or international recognition of a state.
許容 (Kyoyou) - Tolerance/Allowance: Allowing something within a certain range. It implies 'I can live with this' rather than 'This is fundamentally right.'
同意 (Doui) - Agreement: General agreement between parties. Often used in 'terms and conditions' (doui suru).

比較：
1. 案を承認する (Approve the plan - administrative)
2. 案を是認する (Approve the plan - finding it fundamentally right)

比較：
1. 失敗を肯定的に捉える (View failure positively)
2. 失敗を是認する (Accept the failure as a justified fact)

彼はその事実を認めたが、決して是認はしなかった。
(He admitted the fact, but he never approved of it as being right.)

By learning these synonyms, you can express yourself with much higher precision. Zenin is particularly useful in the phrase 'Self-Zenin' (自己是認 - jiko zenin), which is a psychological term for accepting oneself as being 'okay' or 'right' as one is. This highlights how the word reaches into the realm of identity and deep-seated values.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji '是' is the same one used in the famous phrase '是非' (zehi), which most learners know as 'by all means,' but literally means 'right and wrong.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK zɛ.niɴ

US zeɪ.niɴ

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In 'Zenin', the accent is generally flat (Heiban), meaning the pitch starts low and rises, staying high for the rest of the word.

هم‌قافیه با

Kenin (Recognition) Denin (Denial - rare) Tenin (Transfer) Genin (Cause) Fenin (Phenol - loanword) Benin (The country) Menin (Meninges - medical) Renin (Enzyme)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing it like 'Zen-in' (all members). 'Zenin' has two morae for 'ze-ni' and one for 'n'.
Confusing the 'ze' with 'se' (senin).
Applying English stress to the first syllable.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

The kanji are N2/N1 level, and the word is common in academic texts.

نوشتن 5/5

Using it correctly requires a deep understanding of formal register.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Rarely used in daily speech; sounds very formal.

گوش دادن 3/5

Common in news broadcasts, so it's important for comprehension.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

認める (To recognize) 正しい (Correct) 賛成 (Agreement) 承認 (Official approval) 肯定 (Affirmation)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

否認 (Denial) 妥当性 (Validity) 正当化 (Justification) 規範 (Norm/Standard) 倫理 (Ethics)

پیشرفته

蓋然性 (Probability) 恣意的 (Arbitrary) 真理 (Truth) 功利主義 (Utilitarianism) 普遍的 (Universal)

گرامر لازم

Suru-verbs (N3-N1)

是認する、是認した、是認されている。

Passive form for social rules (N3)

～は是認されない。

Adjective-forming suffix ~teki (N2)

是認的な態度。

Compound nouns (N2-N1)

自己是認、現状是認。

Hard to do ~shigatai (N2)

是認しがたい。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

これはいいことです。

This is a good thing.

Simple 'ii' for good.

はい、わかりました。

Yes, I understood.

Polite agreement.

だめですよ。

It's not allowed/good.

Simple prohibition.

正しい答えです。

It is the correct answer.

Tadashii means correct.

みんながいいと言いました。

Everyone said it's good.

Simple reported speech.

これはだめなことです。

This is a bad thing.

Simple negative.

いいえ、違います。

No, that's wrong.

Simple disagreement.

先生は「いい」と言いました。

The teacher said 'good'.

Direct quote.

彼はそれを認めました。

He admitted/recognized it.

Mitomeru is the base for Zenin.

正しいことをしましょう。

Let's do the right thing.

Focus on 'rightness'.

それはよくない行為です。

That is a bad act.

Koui means act/behavior.

ニュースで「是認」という言葉を聞きました。

I heard the word 'zenin' on the news.

Identifying formal words.

親は彼の計画を認めました。

The parents approved his plan.

Mitomeru as approval.

社会のルールを守ります。

I follow social rules.

Social context.

それは認められません。

That cannot be accepted/recognized.

Passive potential form.

正しいかどうか考えます。

I will think about whether it is right or not.

Ka dou ka (whether or not).

暴力は是認されるべきではありません。

Violence should not be approved/accepted.

Passive + beki de wa nai (should not).

現状を是認するのは難しいです。

It is difficult to accept the current situation.

Noun + wo zenin suru no wa.

会社はその計画を是認しました。

The company approved the plan.

Formal suru-verb usage.

多くの人がその行為を是認しています。

Many people approve of that act.

Te-iru (continuous state).

是認できないことがたくさんあります。

There are many things I cannot approve of.

Potential negative.

彼は自分の間違いを是認した。

He admitted his mistake (as being a fact/right).

Past tense.

社会的な是認が必要です。

Social approval is necessary.

No + hitsuyou (needs approval).

政府はその決定を是認した。

The government approved the decision.

Formal subject (Seifu).

不法な手段を是認することはできない。

We cannot approve of illegal means.

Koto wa dekinai (cannot do).

その理論は広く是認されている。

That theory is widely accepted/approved.

Hiroku (widely) + passive.

現状を是認することは、進歩を拒むことだ。

Accepting the status quo is refusing progress.

A wa B da (A is B).

裁判所は検察の主張を是認した。

The court approved the prosecution's claim.

Legal context.

是認しがたい事実が明らかになった。

A fact that is hard to accept became clear.

Shigatai (hard to do).

自己是認はメンタルヘルスに重要だ。

Self-acceptance is important for mental health.

Jiko-zenin (compound noun).

彼は沈黙をもってその行為を是認した。

He approved of the act through silence.

Motte (by means of).

その政策は国民に是認されていない。

That policy is not approved by the citizens.

Passive negative.

歴史的必然性として現状を是認する。

To accept the status quo as a historical necessity.

Shite (as).

倫理的観点から、その実験は是認されない。

From an ethical standpoint, that experiment is not approved.

Kanten kara (from a standpoint).

是認と否認の境界線が曖昧になっている。

The boundary between approval and denial is becoming blurred.

A to B no kyoukai (boundary of A and B).

国際法において、その領土の是認は行われなかった。

In international law, the recognition/approval of that territory did not occur.

Ni oite (in/at).

彼は現状是認の態度を貫いた。

He maintained an attitude of accepting the status quo.

Taido wo tsuranuku (to maintain an attitude).

是認しうる範囲を超えている。

It exceeds the range that can be approved.

Shi-uru (can do/possible).

事後是認という形をとることになった。

It ended up taking the form of retroactive approval.

Jigo-zenin (retroactive approval).

その行為を是認することは、共犯を意味する。

Approving of that act means complicity.

Wo imi suru (to mean).

存在を是認することは、他者への倫理的責任を伴う。

To affirm/approve of an existence entails ethical responsibility toward others.

Wo tomonau (to entail/accompany).

是認の論理が、そのまま支配の論理へと転化する。

The logic of approval turns directly into the logic of domination.

Eto tenka suru (to transform into).

彼は自己の不完全性を是認することで、真の自由を得た。

By accepting his own imperfection, he gained true freedom.

De (by means of).

その言説は、権力構造を是認するための装置に過ぎない。

That discourse is nothing more than a device to validate the power structure.

Ni suginai (nothing more than).

普遍的価値の是認こそが、平和の礎である。

The approval/recognition of universal values is the very foundation of peace.

Koso (the very thing).

是認しがたい現実を前にして、我々は何をなすべきか。

Faced with a reality that is hard to accept, what should we do?

Wo mae ni shite (faced with).

この契約は、公序良俗に反するため是認されない。

This contract is not approved because it goes against public order and morals.

Kousho ryouzoku (public order and morals).

認識論的観点から是認のプロセスを分析する。

Analyze the process of approval from an epistemological perspective.

Bunseki suru (to analyze).

مترادف‌ها

認める承認肯定許可

متضادها

否認拒絶否定

ترکیب‌های رایج

是認を得る

是認を求める

是認しがたい

全面的に是認する

現状を是認する

事実を是認する

是認されるべきではない

自己是認

事後是認

無言の是認

عبارات رایج

是認を与える

— To grant approval or validation formally.

王は新法に是認を与えた。

法的是認

— Legal recognition or approval.

この同盟には法的是認がない。

社会的是認

— Social acceptance or approval of a behavior.

社会的是認を得るのは難しい。

是認に値する

— To be worthy of approval or recognition.

彼の努力は是認に値する。

是認を拒む

— To refuse to approve or recognize something.

彼は現状の是認を拒んだ。

是認しうる

— To be able to approve; acceptable.

これは是認しうる範囲だ。

是認の余地

— Room for approval or acceptance.

是認の余地は全くない。

是認を強いる

— To force someone to approve or accept something.

現状の是認を強いることはできない。

是認に導く

— To lead toward approval or acceptance.

議論を是認に導く。

是認を待つ

— To wait for formal approval.

委員会の是認を待つ状態だ。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

是認 vs 全員 (Zenin)

Sounds almost identical but means 'all members.' Context usually makes it clear.

是認 vs 是認 (Zenin) vs 承認 (Shounin)

Shounin is for administrative/official approval. Zenin is for moral/logical validation.

是認 vs 是認 (Zenin) vs 肯定 (Koutei)

Koutei is affirming something is true. Zenin is affirming something is right/justified.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"是が非でも"

— By all means; no matter what. Uses the same 'Ze' (right) and 'Hi' (wrong) kanji.

是が非でも成功させたい。

Common

"是非を問う"

— To ask whether something is right or wrong.

政策の是非を問う国民投票。

Formal

"理非曲直"

— Right and wrong, or the merits of a case.

理非曲直を明らかにする。

Literary

"是々非々"

— Judging things on their own merits (praising what is right, criticizing what is wrong).

是々非々の立場で議論する。

Formal

"非を認める"

— To admit one's fault or error (using the opposite of 'Ze').

彼は潔く非を認めた。

Neutral

"目をつぶる"

— To turn a blind eye (the opposite of 'Zenin' in practice).

少しのミスには目をつぶる。

Neutral

"お墨付きをもらう"

— To get a seal of approval (informal equivalent of getting 'Zenin').

専門家からお墨付きをもらった。

Informal

"白黒つける"

— To decide once and for all what is right/wrong (related to the judgment in Zenin).

この問題に白黒つける。

Idiomatic

"非の打ち所がない"

— Impeccable; no fault can be found.

彼の演技は非の打ち所がない。

Common

"我が意を得る"

— To find something perfectly in line with one's own thoughts (strong agreement/approval).

彼の発言に我が意を得た思いだ。

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

是認 vs 承認 (Shounin)

Both mean 'approval.'

Shounin is for specific requests or official documents. Zenin is for concepts, actions, or truths.

申請を承認する (Approve the application) vs 行為を是認する (Approve the act).

是認 vs 肯定 (Koutei)

Both are formal 'yes' words.

Koutei is the opposite of 'denial' (No). Zenin is the opposite of 'wrong' (Hi).

存在を肯定する (Affirm existence) vs 存在を是認する (Validate existence as right).

是認 vs 認容 (Ninyou)

Both are used in legal contexts.

Ninyou is specifically a court accepting a plaintiff's claim. Zenin is a broader recognition of validity.

請求を認容する (Grant a claim) vs 判決を是認する (Approve a ruling).

是認 vs 認める (Mitomeru)

Zenin is a formal version of this.

Mitomeru is very broad (admit, see, approve). Zenin is strictly about 'rightness.'

ミスを認める (Admit a mistake) vs ミスを是認する (Approve of a mistake - rare/weird).

是認 vs 許容 (Kyoyou)

Both involve 'allowing' something.

Kyoyou is 'tolerating' something that might be slightly off. Zenin is saying it is 'correct.'

誤差を許容する (Tolerate error) vs その行為を是認する (Approve the act as right).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Object] を是認する

委員会は計画を是認した。

[Subject] は是認されない

暴力は是認されない。

[Object] を是認しがたい

その行為は是認しがたい。

[Object] の是認を得る

国民の是認を得る必要がある。

現状を是認する [Noun]

現状を是認する傾向が強い。

自己是認の [Noun]

自己是認のプロセス。

～をもって是認とする

沈黙をもって是認とした。

是認しうる [Range]

是認しうる範囲を超えている。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

是認 (Approval)

是認者 (Approver)

不是認 (Non-approval)

فعل‌ها

是認する (To approve)

是認される (To be approved)

صفت‌ها

是認的な (Approving/Affirmative)

مرتبط

是非 (Right or wrong)

認識 (Recognition)

確認 (Confirmation)

認証 (Authentication)

公認 (Official recognition)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in specialized domains (Law, Politics, Psychology) but low in daily life.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'Zenin' for 'Everyone' (全員). → 全員 (Zen-in)
They sound similar but have completely different meanings. Check if you are talking about people or approval.
Using 'Zenin' to approve a vacation request. → 承認 (Shounin)
Vacation requests are administrative. 'Zenin' is for moral or logical 'rightness.'
Using 'Zenin' in a casual chat about food. → 賛成 (Sansei) or 認める (Mitomeru)
It's too formal. You don't 'validate the correctness' of a pizza choice.
Confusing 'Zenin' with 'Koutei' (Affirmation). → Context-dependent.
Koutei is about saying 'Yes' to a fact. Zenin is about saying 'Yes' to a value/rightness.
Writing the kanji '是' incorrectly. → 是
Make sure the bottom part is correct (looks like 'foot'). It's not the same as '走' or '足'.

نکات

Use in Essays

When writing about social problems, use '是認できない' to express strong, logical disagreement. It makes your writing sound academic.

Watch the News

Listen for 'Zenin' in NHK news reports about international conflicts or government policies. It helps you understand Japan's official stance.

Passive Voice

Remember that '是認される' (is approved/accepted) is very common when talking about general social rules.

Kanji Meaning

Focus on the 'Ze' (是). It means 'this is it' or 'this is right.' This will help you remember the 'correctness' nuance.

Business Context

In a formal meeting, using 'Zenin' instead of 'Sansei' can show that you have deeply considered the logic of a proposal.

Context Clues

If you see 'Zenin' near words like 'Law' (法律) or 'Ethics' (倫理), it almost always refers to formal validation.

Mnemonic

Think of 'The Right (Ze) Recognition (Nin).' Zenin = Right Recognition.

Vs. Shounin

Always ask: Am I giving permission (Shounin) or saying it's right (Zenin)?

Self-Zenin

Use '自己是認' (Jiko-zenin) when talking about mental health or self-acceptance in Japanese.

Strong Denial

Use '是認しがたい' (hard to approve) to be very polite but very firm in your disagreement.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Zen' (peace/rightness) and 'In' (into). When you 'Zenin' something, you bring it 'into' the category of 'rightness.' (Note: Zen in Zenin is different kanji, but sounds the same).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a judge with a green stamp that has the kanji '是' (Right) on it, stamping a document with a satisfied nod.

شبکه واژگان

Justice (是) Approval (認) Validation Formal Legal Rightness Acceptance Logic

چالش

Try to use 'Zenin' in a sentence about a historical event. For example, 'Did the world zenin the French Revolution at the time?'

ریشه کلمه

Composed of two Sino-Japanese characters (Kanji). '是' (ze) originates from a character representing 'straight' or 'correct,' often used in classical Chinese to mean 'this is' or 'truth.' '認' (nin) consists of the 'speech' radical (言) and 'blade/endurance' (刃/忍), meaning to perceive or acknowledge through words.

معنای اصلی: To acknowledge as the truth or the correct path.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when 'denying' (hi-zenin) something in a business context; it is a very strong, almost confrontational way to say something is wrong.

The English 'approval' is much broader. English speakers might say 'I approve of your new car,' but in Japanese, you wouldn't use 'Zenin' for a car unless you were discussing its legal roadworthiness.

Used in the Japanese Constitution (Nihonkoku Kenpou) in legal interpretations. Frequently heard in the anime 'Legend of the Galactic Heroes' during political debates. A key term in the works of Japanese philosopher Nishida Kitaro regarding the 'affirmation' of reality.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Legal/Court

証拠を是認する
判決を是認する
違法性を是認しない
事実の是認

Politics/Policy

新法案を是認する
外交方針を是認する
国民の是認を得る
現状是認の姿勢

Ethics/Society

暴力を是認しない
差別を是認する行為
倫理的是認
社会的是認の欠如

Academic/Research

仮説を是認する
理論的是認
データの是認
先行研究を是認する

Psychology

自己是認
他者是認
是認欲求
自己是認感を高める

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近の政府の決定を、あなたは是認できますか？ (Can you approve of the recent government decision?)"

"社会が暴力を是認しないためには、何が必要だと思いますか？ (What do you think is necessary for society not to approve of violence?)"

"自己是認ができるようになるには、どうすればいいでしょうか？ (What should one do to be able to achieve self-acceptance/approval?)"

"歴史的な事実を是認することは、未来のために重要ですか？ (Is it important for the future to accept/approve of historical facts?)"

"仕事で上司から是認を得るために、一番大切なことは何ですか？ (What is the most important thing to gain approval from your boss at work?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、自分が「これは正しい」と是認した出来事について書いてください。 (Write about an event today that you approved/accepted as 'right'.)

あなたがどうしても是認できない社会問題について、理由を添えて記述してください。 (Describe a social issue that you absolutely cannot approve of, along with reasons.)

自己是認（自分を認めること）の大切さについて、自分の経験を交えて考えてみましょう。 (Think about the importance of self-acceptance, including your own experiences.)

もしあなたがリーダーだったら、どのような基準で他人の行動を是認しますか？ (If you were a leader, by what criteria would you approve of others' actions?)

「現状を是認する」ことと「妥協する」ことの違いは何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is the difference between 'accepting the status quo' and 'compromising'?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Almost never. It is a formal word (kago) used in writing, news, or serious debates. Using it at a party would sound very strange.

'Sansei' means you agree with an opinion or plan. 'Zenin' means you recognize something as being fundamentally right or valid. 'Zenin' is much more formal.

No. 'Zenin' is about objective rightness, not personal liking. You can 'zenin' a law even if you personally find it inconvenient.

It is related. It means accepting yourself as you are and recognizing your own validity, which is a key part of self-esteem.

Because it is a powerful way to say something is 'morally unacceptable.' Phrases like 'Violence is not zenin-ed' are very common in ethical discussions.

No, it is a nasal 'n' sound. It is important to pronounce it to distinguish the word from others.

Usually, 'Shounin' (承認) is used for documents. 'Zenin' would only be used if you were discussing the moral or logical validity of the document's content.

Yes, it is typically considered an N1 or high N2 level word because of its formal nature and specific nuance.

It means 'retroactive approval.' This is when something is done first, and then formally approved as 'right' later.

It is written as 是 (right/justice) and 認 (recognize/approve).

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