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B2 noun #1,000 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

低下

teika رتبه 1,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 低下 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 低下 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know that '低下' (teika) means something is going down. It is a formal word for 'down.' You might see it on a thermometer when the temperature drops. In simple Japanese, we usually say 'sagaru' (下がる) for 'to go down.' For example, 'kion ga sagaru' means the temperature goes down. 'Teika' is just a more 'grown-up' or 'official' way to say that. You don't need to use it in your own speaking yet, but if you see it in a train station or on a weather app, just remember it means 'drop' or 'decline.' It is made of two parts: 'tei' (low) and 'ka' (down). Think of an elevator going down to a low floor. That is the feeling of 'teika.' It is mostly used for things like temperature or the quality of a toy. If a toy breaks easily, its quality has 'teika-ed.' It is a useful word to recognize in signs.

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At the A2 level, you can start to understand that '低下' (teika) is used for things that have a 'level.' It is not for counting things like apples or people. It is for things like 'how good something is' or 'how hot it is.' You will often see it as 'Noun + no + teika.' For example, 'hinshitsu no teika' means 'decline in quality.' This is a very common phrase in Japan. You might also hear it in health contexts, like 'shiryoku no teika' (decline in eyesight). If you spend too much time on your phone, your eyesight might 'teika.' At this level, try to notice 'teika' in news headlines. It is a 'suru-verb,' so you can say 'teika shimasu' (it declines). It is more formal than 'sagarimasu.' Use 'teika' when you want to sound more serious or when you are talking about technical things like a computer's speed or a battery's life.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use '低下' (teika) in your writing and formal speech. You should understand the difference between 'teika' and 'genshō' (decrease). 'Genshō' is for numbers (like the number of students), while 'teika' is for levels or standards (like the level of ability). For example, if you don't practice Japanese, your 'nouryoku' (ability) will 'teika' (decline). You should also learn common pairings like 'iyoku no teika' (loss of motivation) and 'seisansei no teika' (decline in productivity). These are very useful for business situations. When you are describing a trend in a presentation, 'teika' sounds much more professional than 'sagaru.' Also, remember that 'teika' usually has a negative nuance. It means something good is becoming less. You wouldn't use it for 'a decline in crime.' For that, you would use 'genshō.' Focus on using 'teika' for quality, function, and abstract levels.

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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '低下' (teika) and be able to use it in complex grammatical structures. You should know the causative form 'teika saseru' (to cause a decline). For example, 'Suimin busoku wa kinō o teika saseru' (Lack of sleep causes functions to decline). You should also be familiar with academic and economic contexts. 'Teika' is frequently used to describe the 'kachi' (value) of a currency or the 'kōbairyoku' (purchasing power) of consumers. At this level, you should distinguish 'teika' from 'geraku' (used for stock prices) and 'suitai' (used for the decline of industries or civilizations). You should also be able to use 'teika' in the passive voice or with particles like 'ni yori' (due to). For instance, 'Kion no teika ni yori...' (Due to the drop in temperature...). This word is essential for reading newspapers and understanding business reports in Japanese.

At the C1 level, you should use '低下' (teika) with precision in academic writing and high-level professional discourse. You should understand its collocations with abstract concepts like 'men'ekiryoku' (immune strength), 'shijiritsu' (approval ratings), and 'shōni-ryoku' (digestive power). You should also be able to discuss the societal implications of 'gakuryoku no teika' (decline in academic standards) or 'seisansei no teika' (productivity decline) in a debate. At this level, you should be sensitive to the register; 'teika' is a kango (Sino-Japanese word) and carries a formal, objective tone. You should be able to contrast it with 'akka' (worsening), noting that 'teika' specifically highlights the reduction in a measurable or perceivable level, whereas 'akka' focuses on the overall negative state. You should also be comfortable using 'teika' in nominalized forms and as part of complex noun compounds in technical manuals or legal documents.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '低下' (teika) should be indistinguishable from a native speaker's. You should understand its use in highly specialized fields such as medicine (e.g., 'kinō teika-shō' for hypothyroidism), economics (e.g., 'tsūka kachi no teika' in inflationary discussions), and environmental science. You should be able to use the word to describe subtle shifts in social dynamics, such as the 'kyūshū-ryoku no teika' (decline in the ability to absorb information) in an aging society. You should also be aware of its rhetorical use in editorials to lament the 'dōtoku-shin no teika' (decline in morality). Your ability to choose between 'teika,' 'suitai,' 'gentai,' and 'geraku' should be instinctive, based on the specific domain and the desired level of formality. You should also be able to identify and correct subtle misuses of the word in others' writing, recognizing when a more specific term like 'genshō' or 'keigen' would be more appropriate for the context.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

低下 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Teika means a decline in level, quality, or function.
It is a formal word often used in news, business, and medicine.
It is a suru-verb (teika suru) and a noun (no teika).
Use it for abstract levels, not for counting objects.

The Japanese word 低下 (ていか - teika) is a formal and versatile noun that describes a decline, drop, or deterioration in level, quality, or function. It is composed of two kanji: 低 (tei), meaning 'low,' and 下 (ka), meaning 'down' or 'below.' Together, they create a concept of something moving from a higher state to a lower state, usually with a negative connotation. Unlike simple words for 'decrease' like 減少 (genshō), which specifically refers to a reduction in quantity or number, 低下 is used for qualitative changes or drops in abstract levels.

Quality Decline: When a product's standard drops, we use 品質 (hinshitsu) + 低下. This implies the item is no longer as good as it used to be.

最近、このサービスの質が低下していると感じます。 (I feel that the quality of this service has been declining lately.)

In a professional or medical context, 低下 is the standard term for a loss of function. For example, if someone's eyesight gets worse, it is 視力の低下 (shiryoku no teika). If a battery's performance drops, it is 性能の低下 (seinō no teika). It suggests a falling away from an optimal or previous baseline. It is frequently used in news reports to discuss economic trends, such as a drop in purchasing power or a decline in the birthrate's impact on productivity.

Physical/Biological Function: Used for internal systems, such as 免疫力の低下 (men'ekiryoku no teika - decline in immunity) or 記憶力の低下 (kiokuryoku no teika - decline in memory).

気温の低下により、路面が凍結する恐れがあります。 (Due to the drop in temperature, there is a risk of road surfaces freezing.)

The word is also heavily used in psychology and motivation. If a student loses their will to study, it is described as 学習意欲の低下 (gakushū iyoku no teika). This highlights that 低下 is not just about physical things but also mental and emotional states that have a measurable 'level.' In the workplace, managers worry about 生産性の低下 (seisansei no teika - decline in productivity), which could be caused by various factors like fatigue or poor equipment.

Economic Context: Used for 購買力の低下 (kōbairyoku no teika - decline in purchasing power) or 通貨価値の低下 (tsūka kachi no teika - decline in currency value).

景気の悪化に伴い、消費意欲の低下が見られる。 (With the worsening of the economy, a decline in the desire to consume is observed.)

体力の低下を防ぐために、毎日運動をしています。 (I exercise every day to prevent a decline in physical strength.)

Finally, 低下 is almost always used for things that are generally considered good or neutral when they are at a high level. You wouldn't use 低下 for something bad decreasing (like 'a decline in crime'); for that, you would use 減少 (genshō) or 減少 (genshō). Thus, 低下 usually implies a negative trend or a loss of something valuable.

Using 低下 (teika) correctly involves understanding its role as both a noun and a suru-verb. As a noun, it often follows another noun with the particle 'no' (の), creating a compound that describes exactly what is declining. For example, 'quality decline' is 品質 (quality) + の + 低下. This structure is extremely common in news headlines and formal reports where brevity and precision are required.

Noun + の + 低下: 機能の低下 (decline in function), 意欲の低下 (decline in motivation), 価値の低下 (decline in value).

長時間の労働は、作業効率の低下を招く。 (Long working hours lead to a decline in work efficiency.)

When used as a verb, 低下する (teika suru), it functions as an intransitive verb. This means the subject itself is declining, and you don't usually 'decline' something else using this word. For instance, 'The temperature declined' is 気温が低下した (kion ga teika shita). If you want to say 'I lowered the temperature,' you would use a transitive verb like 下げる (sageru) or 低下させる (teika saseru - the causative form).

Subject + が + 低下する: 能力が低下する (abilities decline), 視聴率が低下する (ratings decline), 気圧が低下する (atmospheric pressure drops).

高齢になると、免疫力が低下しやすくなります。 (As one gets older, immunity tends to decline more easily.)

In complex sentences, 低下 is often paired with verbs that indicate cause and effect. Common pairings include 低下を招く (teika o maneku - to bring about a decline), 低下を抑える (teika o osaeru - to suppress/minimize a decline), and 低下が見られる (teika ga mirareru - a decline is observed). These combinations are essential for writing professional Japanese in academic papers or business emails.

Cause and Effect Phrasing: ...により、〜の低下が引き起こされた (...caused a decline in ~).

新薬の副作用として、集中力の低下が報告されている。 (A decline in concentration has been reported as a side effect of the new drug.)

Furthermore, 低下 can be used in the causative form 低下させる to mean 'to cause something to decline.' This is used when an external factor or person is responsible for the drop. For example, 'Lack of sleep causes a decline in performance' would be 睡眠不足はパフォーマンスを低下させる (suimin busoku wa pafōmansu o teika saseru).

不祥事によって、企業のブランドイメージが著しく低下した。 (Due to the scandal, the company's brand image declined significantly.)

You will encounter 低下 (teika) in various professional and daily life settings in Japan. It is a staple of news broadcasting, particularly in segments regarding the economy, weather, and health. If you watch NHK News, you will frequently hear about 気温の低下 (drop in temperature) during the transition to winter, or 景気の低下 (economic decline) during a recession. It sounds objective and authoritative, making it the preferred choice for journalists.

Medical and Health Settings: Doctors use it to describe a patient's condition. 'Liver function decline' is 肝機能の低下. It is also used in health supplements marketing to talk about preventing 'aging-related decline.'

加齢に伴う基礎代謝の低下は、太りやすくなる原因の一つです。 (The decline in basal metabolism that accompanies aging is one reason it becomes easier to gain weight.)

In the business world, 低下 appears in performance reviews and annual reports. If a company's sales or efficiency drops, the report will likely use 低下 to describe the trend. It is also used in technology; for example, when your smartphone battery starts dying faster, the system might warn you about バッテリーの性能低下 (battery performance decline). This word is essential for anyone working in a Japanese office or reading technical manuals.

Educational Context: Teachers and parents often discuss 学力の低下 (gakuryoku no teika - decline in academic ability) when discussing national test scores or a student's individual performance.

若者の読書離れにより、語彙力の低下が懸念されている。 (There are concerns about the decline in vocabulary skills due to young people moving away from reading.)

In environmental discussions, 低下 is used for things like 水位の低下 (drop in water level) during a drought or 自浄作用の低下 (decline in self-purification ability) of a polluted river. It is a key word for describing the degradation of natural systems. Because it is a Sino-Japanese word (kango), it carries a weight of seriousness that purely Japanese words (wago) like 'sagaru' lack. Using 低下 in a conversation shows that you are speaking about a serious trend rather than a momentary fluctuation.

IT and Performance: サーバーの処理能力の低下 (decline in server processing capacity) is a common phrase in technical support tickets.

通信速度の低下を感じたら、ルーターを再起動してください。 (If you feel a decline in communication speed, please restart your router.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 低下 (teika) with 減少 (genshō). While both mean 'decrease' in English, their usage in Japanese is strictly separated. 減少 is used for things you can count, like the number of people, the amount of money, or the volume of water. 低下 is used for levels, qualities, or functions. For example, you cannot say 'The number of students teika-ed.' You must say 'The number of students genshō-ed.' Conversely, you wouldn't say 'The quality genshō-ed'; you say 'The quality teika-ed.'

Incorrect Usage: ❌ 人口が低下した (The population declined - Incorrect because population is a count).
✅ 人口が減少した (Correct).

❌ テストの点数が低下した。
✅ テストの点数が下がった (or 落ちた). (While 'teika' is possible for overall academic ability, for a specific score, 'sagaru' is more natural.)

Another common error is using 低下 for positive things that decrease. In Japanese, 低下 almost always implies a 'worsening' or a 'loss.' If something bad like 'stress,' 'crime,' or 'pollution' goes down, using 低下 sounds very strange. For those cases, use 減少 (genshō), 軽減 (keigen - reduction/alleviation), or 改善 (kaizen - improvement). For example, 'Stress decline' should be ストレスの軽減, not ストレスの低下.

Positive vs. Negative: 低下 is for 'Good thing → Bad state.'
減少/軽減 is for 'Bad thing → Better state.'

Learners also sometimes confuse 低下 with 下落 (geraku). 下落 is specifically used for market prices, stock values, or exchange rates. While 低下 can be used for the 'value' (価値) of a currency in a general sense, if you are talking about the stock market crashing or prices dropping suddenly, 下落 is the technical term. Using 低下 for stock prices sounds amateurish.

Market Terms: 株価の下落 (Stock price drop).
品質の低下 (Quality decline).

❌ 物価が低下した。
✅ 物価が下落した (or 下がった).

Lastly, remember that 低下 is a formal word. In casual conversation with friends, using 低下する might sound a bit too stiff. Instead, use the simpler verb 下がる (sagaru). For example, instead of saying 'Motivation teika-ed' to a friend, you'd say 'Yaruki ga sagatta' (やる気が下がった). Save 低下 for your essays, business reports, and formal presentations.

To truly master 低下 (teika), you must understand how it sits within a family of related words. Each has a specific nuance that makes it suitable for different situations. Choosing the wrong one won't necessarily make you misunderstood, but it will make your Japanese sound less natural. Let's compare 低下 with its closest synonyms.

低下 (Teika) vs. 減少 (Genshō): 低下: Decline in level/quality (e.g., quality, ability).
減少: Decrease in number/amount (e.g., population, amount of water).

生産性の低下 (Decline in productivity) vs. 生産量の減少 (Decrease in production volume).

Another word often confused with 低下 is 減退 (gentai). While 低下 is a general drop in level, 減退 specifically refers to the weakening or fading of a feeling, drive, or biological urge. You use 減退 for things like appetite (食欲 - shokuyoku) or energy (気力 - kiryoku). If you say 'shokuyoku no teika,' it sounds like a medical measurement; if you say 'shokuyoku no gentai,' it sounds like you've lost your appetite.

低下 (Teika) vs. 減退 (Gentai): 低下: General decline (Quality, Function).
減退: Fading/Weakening of drives (Appetite, Vitality).

Then there is 衰退 (suitai). This word is used for the decline of large-scale things like civilizations, industries, or towns. It implies a long-term process of fading away or losing power. You wouldn't use 低下 for a dying industry; you would use 衰退. For example, 'The decline of the coal industry' is 石炭産業の衰退 (sekitan sangyō no suitai).

低下 (Teika) vs. 衰退 (Suitai): 低下: Drop in level (Performance, Temp).
衰退: Long-term decline of a system (Industry, Empire).

機能の低下 (Functional decline) vs. 国力の衰退 (Decline of national power).

Lastly, 悪化 (akka) means 'worsening.' While a 低下 in quality is a type of 悪化, 悪化 is much broader. You use 悪化 for relationships (人間関係の悪化) or weather conditions (天候の悪化). 低下 is more about the 'level' going down, while 悪化 is about the 'situation' getting worse. If your health declines, you can use both, but 低下 focuses on the loss of function, while 悪化 focuses on the increased severity of the illness.

Summary Table

低下: Level/Quality/Function (Formal)
減少: Count/Amount
下落: Prices/Stocks
衰退: Industry/Culture/Empire
悪化: Situation/Relationship/Disease

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji '下' is one of the first kanji Japanese children learn (Grade 1), while '低' is learned in Grade 4. Together they form a very logical compound: 'Low-Down.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK teːka

US teɪkɑː

The stress is even, but the pitch rises after the first syllable in standard Japanese (Tokyo dialect).

هم‌قافیه با

経過 (keika - progress) 成果 (seika - result) 変化 (henka - change) 文化 (bunka - culture) 開花 (kaika - blooming) 硬化 (kōka - hardening) 強化 (kyōka - strengthening) 劣化 (rekka - deterioration)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'tei' as a short 'te'. It must be a long vowel.
Confusing the pitch with 'teika' (fixed price), which is 'tei-ka' (High-Low-Low). '低下' is usually Low-High-High.
Over-emphasizing the 'i' in 'tei'. It should blend into a long 'e' sound.
Mispronouncing 'ka' as 'ga'.
Using the wrong pitch accent in a sentence, making it sound like 'fixed price' (定価).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The kanji are common but require knowing the 'tei' and 'ka' readings.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '低' correctly (especially the bottom part) can be tricky for beginners.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce, but pitch accent must be correct to avoid confusion with 'fixed price'.

گوش دادن 3/5

Common in news; once learned, it is easy to pick out.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

低い (hikui) 下 (shita/ka) 下がる (sagaru) 質 (shitsu) 機能 (kinō)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

減少 (genshō) 下落 (geraku) 向上 (kōjō) 改善 (kaizen) 維持 (iji)

پیشرفته

減退 (gentai) 衰退 (suitai) 減衰 (gensui) 凋落 (chōraku)

گرامر لازم

Suru-verbs

低下する (To decline)

Noun + no + Noun

品質の低下 (Decline in quality)

Causative form (saseru)

低下させる (To cause to decline)

Ni yori (Cause)

不況により購買力が低下した。 (Purchasing power declined due to the recession.)

Te-iru (State)

機能が低下している。 (Functions are currently in a declined state.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

気温が低下しました。

The temperature dropped.

Simple subject + ga + teika shita (past tense).

品質の低下は困ります。

A decline in quality is a problem.

Noun + no + teika (noun phrase).

冬は気温が低下します。

In winter, the temperature declines.

General fact using present tense.

レベルが低下した。

The level declined.

Abstract level using 'ga'.

性能の低下を感じる。

I feel a decline in performance.

Object + o + kanjiru (to feel).

雨で気温が低下した。

The temperature dropped because of the rain.

Cause (de) + effect.

低下に気をつけてください。

Please be careful of the decline (e.g., in temperature).

Ni + ki o tsukete (imperative).

少し低下しました。

It declined a little.

Adverb (sukoshi) + verb.

サービスの質が低下している。

The quality of the service is declining.

Te-iru form for ongoing state.

視力の低下が心配です。

I am worried about the decline in my eyesight.

Subject + ga + shinpai (adjective).

バッテリーの性能が低下した。

The battery performance has declined.

Possessive 'no' compound.

学力の低下が問題になっている。

The decline in academic ability is becoming a problem.

Ni natte iru (becoming).

夜になると気温が急に低下する。

At night, the temperature drops suddenly.

Adverb (kyū ni) + verb.

この機械は機能が低下している。

This machine's functions are declining.

Subject + wa + function + ga + teika.

体力の低下を感じますか？

Do you feel a decline in your physical strength?

Question form with 'ka'.

意欲の低下を防ぎたい。

I want to prevent a decline in motivation.

Object + o + fusegitai (want to prevent).

不景気で購買力が低下している。

Purchasing power is declining due to the recession.

Cause (de) + subject + ga + teika.

免疫力の低下により風邪をひいた。

I caught a cold due to a decline in immunity.

Ni yori (due to) + result.

作業効率の低下を招く恐れがある。

There is a risk of causing a decline in work efficiency.

O maneku (to invite/cause) + osore ga aru.

最近、記憶力の低下が気になる。

Lately, I'm concerned about the decline in my memory.

Subject + ga + ki ni naru (to be concerned).

ブランドイメージの低下は避けたい。

We want to avoid a decline in the brand image.

Object + wa + saketai (want to avoid).

集中力が低下してミスが増えた。

My concentration declined and mistakes increased.

Te-form for sequence of events.

運動不足は筋力の低下につながる。

Lack of exercise leads to a decline in muscle strength.

Ni tsunagaru (leads to).

新製品の質が低下しているようだ。

It seems the quality of the new product is declining.

Yō da (it seems).

円安の影響で通貨価値が低下した。

The currency value declined due to the weak yen.

No eikyō de (due to the influence of).

生産性の低下を食い止める必要がある。

It is necessary to halt the decline in productivity.

O kuitomeru (to halt/stop).

高齢化社会では労働力の低下が懸念される。

In an aging society, a decline in the labor force is a concern.

Passive voice (ken'en sareru).

この薬は血圧を低下させる効果がある。

This medicine has the effect of lowering blood pressure.

Causative form (teika saseru) as a modifier.

不祥事により、内閣の支持率が低下した。

Due to the scandal, the cabinet's approval rating declined.

Ni yori (formal cause).

都市部では地盤の低下が問題となっている。

In urban areas, the sinking of the ground (subsidence) is a problem.

Geological context.

長時間の残業は、判断力の低下を招く。

Long hours of overtime lead to a decline in judgment.

Abstract mental function.

競争力の低下を防ぐための戦略を立てる。

Develop a strategy to prevent a decline in competitiveness.

Tame no (for the purpose of).

教育格差が学力の二極化と低下を助長している。

Educational inequality is encouraging the polarization and decline of academic ability.

O jojō shite iru (is encouraging/promoting).

環境汚染は生態系の自浄作用を低下させる。

Environmental pollution lowers the self-purification capacity of ecosystems.

Scientific causative.

認知機能の低下を早期に発見することが重要だ。

It is important to detect the decline of cognitive functions early.

Koto wa jūyō da (It is important that...).

グローバル化の中で、国内産業の地位が低下した。

In the midst of globalization, the status of domestic industries has declined.

No naka de (in the midst of).

過度なストレスは消化機能の低下を引き起こす。

Excessive stress causes a decline in digestive functions.

O hikikosu (to cause/trigger).

技術革新の遅れが、企業の収益力の低下に直結した。

The delay in technological innovation directly led to a decline in the company's earning power.

Ni chokketsu shita (directly linked/led to).

少子化に伴う国力の低下は避けられない課題だ。

The decline in national power accompanying the declining birthrate is an unavoidable challenge.

Ni tamonau (accompanying).

道徳心の低下が社会不安の一因となっている。

The decline in morality is one cause of social unrest.

No ichiin to natte iru (is one cause of).

甲状腺機能低下症の診断には、血液検査が不可欠である。

Blood tests are essential for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.

Medical terminology (Kinō-teika-shō).

デフレ・スパイラルは、消費意欲の減退と物価の低下を加速させる。

The deflationary spiral accelerates the fading of consumer desire and the decline of prices.

Economic theory context.

都市の空洞化により、中心市街地の機能が著しく低下した。

Due to urban hollowing, the functions of the central city area have declined significantly.

Urban planning context.

情報過多社会において、個人の批判的思考力の低下が危惧されている。

In an information-overloaded society, the decline of individuals' critical thinking skills is feared.

O kigu sarete iru (is feared).

細胞レベルでの代謝機能の低下が、老化の根本的な原因とされる。

The decline of metabolic functions at the cellular level is considered the fundamental cause of aging.

Scientific theory.

政治への無関心が、民主主義の質の低下を招いている事実は否めない。

The fact that indifference to politics is leading to a decline in the quality of democracy cannot be denied.

Jitsuri wa inamenai (the fact cannot be denied).

市場の飽和に伴い、製品の付加価値が相対的に低下している。

With market saturation, the added value of products is relatively declining.

Business strategy context.

伝統文化の継承者が減り、その精神性の低下が嘆かれている。

As successors of traditional culture decrease, the decline of its spirituality is being lamented.

O nagekarete iru (is being lamented).

مترادف‌ها

下落減少衰退減退悪化

متضادها

向上上昇

ترکیب‌های رایج

品質の低下

機能の低下

意欲の低下

気温の低下

生産性の低下

価値の低下

視力の低下

能力の低下

支持率の低下

効率の低下

عبارات رایج

低下を招く

— To bring about or cause a decline. Used in formal cause-effect descriptions.

不摂生は健康レベルの低下を招く。

低下が見られる

— A decline is observed. Common in reports and news.

景気に低下が見られる。

低下を抑える

— To suppress or minimize a decline. Used when taking preventative measures.

劣化による性能低下を抑える。

低下の一途をたどる

— To continue to decline steadily. Used for persistent negative trends.

視聴率は低下の一途をたどっている。

低下させる

— To cause something to decline (causative).

騒音は集中力を低下させる。

著しい低下

— A significant or remarkable decline.

学力の著しい低下が問題だ。

急激な低下

— A sudden or sharp decline.

気温の急激な低下。

緩やかな低下

— A gradual or slow decline.

出生率の緩やかな低下。

低下を食い止める

— To halt or stop a decline from continuing.

支持率の低下を食い止める。

低下を懸念する

— To be concerned about a decline.

専門家は体力の低下を懸念している。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

低下 vs 定価 (teika)

Means 'fixed price.' Pronounced with a different pitch accent (High-Low-Low).

低下 vs 減少 (genshō)

Means 'decrease in quantity.' 'Teika' is for 'decrease in quality/level.'

低下 vs 下落 (geraku)

Used specifically for market prices and stock values.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"低下の一途をたどる"

— To be on a steady decline with no sign of stopping.

その町の人口は低下の一途をたどっている。

Formal

"地に落ちる"

— To fall to the ground (metaphor for a massive decline in reputation).

信頼が地に落ちた。

Idiomatic

"右肩下がり"

— A downward trend (literally 'sloping down to the right' on a graph).

売り上げが右肩下がりだ。

Business/Informal

"目も当てられない"

— Too terrible to look at (often used when quality declines drastically).

品質の低下がひどくて目も当てられない。

Informal

"坂道を転げ落ちるよう"

— Like rolling down a hill (a very rapid decline).

業績が坂道を転げ落ちるように低下した。

Literary

"凋落の一途"

— A path of ruin or heavy decline (often for powerful entities).

かつての大国も今は凋落の一途だ。

Formal/Literary

"底を打つ"

— To hit rock bottom (the end of a decline).

景気がようやく底を打った。

Business

"二の次になる"

— To become secondary (often happens when quality declines because speed is prioritized).

速さを求めすぎて品質が二の次になり、低下した。

Neutral

"影を潜める"

— To disappear or fade (used when a positive quality declines to nothing).

かつての活気は影を潜め、活力が低下した。

Literary

"鳴かず飛ばず"

— Neither singing nor flying (a state of low performance/decline).

新製品は鳴かず飛ばずで、シェアが低下した。

Idiomatic

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

低下 vs 減少

Both mean 'decrease' in English.

Genshō is for countable amounts (people, money). Teika is for levels/quality (ability, temperature).

人口の減少 (Population decrease) vs 品質の低下 (Quality decline).

低下 vs 下落

Both mean 'drop.'

Geraku is for financial markets and prices. Teika is for general levels and functions.

株価の下落 (Stock drop) vs 性能の低下 (Performance decline).

低下 vs 減退

Both mean 'decline.'

Gentai is for internal drives or feelings (appetite, motivation). Teika is for objective levels.

食欲の減退 (Loss of appetite) vs 気温の低下 (Temperature drop).

低下 vs 衰退

Both mean 'decline.'

Suitai is for long-term decline of large systems like industries or nations. Teika is for specific levels.

産業の衰退 (Industry decline) vs 効率の低下 (Efficiency decline).

低下 vs 悪化

Both describe things getting worse.

Akka is a general 'worsening' of a situation. Teika is specifically about a 'level' going down.

治安の悪化 (Worsening safety) vs 質の低下 (Decline in quality).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

〜の低下

視力の低下。

〜が低下する

品質が低下する。

〜により〜が低下した

不景気により売上が低下した。

〜を低下させる

効率を低下させる。

低下を招く

ミスが信頼の低下を招く。

低下が著しい

学力の低下が著しい。

低下を食い止める

機能の低下を食い止める。

低下の一途をたどる

支持率は低下の一途をたどる。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

低下 (decline)

低地 (lowland)

低気圧 (low pressure)

最低 (lowest/worst)

فعل‌ها

低下する (to decline)

低下させる (to cause to decline)

صفت‌ها

低い (low)

低俗な (vulgar/low-brow)

低調な (sluggish)

مرتبط

減少

下落

減退

衰退

悪化

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very high in news, business, and academic contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'teika' for population decrease. → 人口の減少 (Jinkō no genshō).
Population is a countable number, so 'genshō' must be used.
Using 'teika' for a decline in crime. → 犯罪の減少 (Hanzai no genshō).
'Teika' is for negative trends (good things getting worse). Crime decreasing is positive.
Confusing 'teika' (decline) with 'teika' (fixed price). → Check context and pitch accent.
They sound similar but have different meanings and pitch patterns.
Using 'teika' as a transitive verb (e.g., 'I teika-ed the volume'). → 音量を下げた (Onryō o sageta).
'Teika suru' is intransitive. Use 'sageru' or 'teika saseru' for transitive actions.
Using 'teika' for stock market drops. → 株価の下落 (Kabuka no geraku).
'Geraku' is the specific technical term for financial market drops.

نکات

Quality vs. Quantity

Always remember: Teika = Quality/Level. Genshō = Quantity/Number. This is the most important distinction for learners.

Intransitive Nature

Teika suru is intransitive. Something declines on its own. If you want to say you lowered something, use 'teika saseru'.

Formal Register

Use 'teika' in your JLPT essays or business emails to sound more advanced and professional than using 'sagaru'.

Weather Reports

If you hear 'teika' on the news, check your thermometer! It's the standard word for a drop in temperature.

Medical Terms

If a doctor says 'kinō no teika,' they are talking about an organ not working as well as it should.

Efficiency

Pair 'teika' with 'seisansei' (productivity) or 'kōritsu' (efficiency) to talk about workplace issues.

Motivation

'Iyoku no teika' is a very common way to describe burnout or loss of interest in Japanese.

Kanji Logic

低 (Low) + 下 (Down) = Low-Down. It's a very logical word to remember if you know the kanji.

Price Drop

Don't use 'teika' for stocks. Use 'geraku'. It makes you sound like an expert in finance.

Sensitivity

Avoid saying 'nouryoku no teika' (decline in ability) to someone's face unless you are their doctor or a very blunt boss.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'T'hermometer 'E'nding 'I'n 'K'old 'A'ir. T-E-I-K-A. When the temperature drops, it's Teika.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a graph with a red line plunging downwards. The line is 'low' (低) and going 'down' (下).

شبکه واژگان

Quality Function Temperature Motivation Efficiency Value Eyesight Immunity

چالش

Try to find three things in your life that have 'teika-ed' recently (e.g., phone battery, room temperature, motivation) and say them in Japanese.

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Japanese (Kango). The kanji '低' (tei) comes from a person (亻) and a base/foundation (氐), meaning low. '下' (ka) is a simple ideogram showing something below a line.

معنای اصلی: To move to a lower position or status.

Japonic (Sino-Japanese vocabulary).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using it about people's abilities (like 'nouryoku no teika') as it can be quite blunt and offensive if said directly to someone.

In English, we use 'decline' or 'drop.' 'Teika' is more formal than 'drop' but less dramatic than 'collapse.'

NHK News weather reports (Kion no teika). Government White Papers on 'Gakuryoku no teika'. Medical journals discussing 'Kinō no teika'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Weather

気温の低下
気圧の低下
急激な低下
低下に注意

Business

品質の低下
生産性の低下
効率の低下
価値の低下

Health

視力の低下
免疫力の低下
体力の低下
機能の低下

Education

学力の低下
意欲の低下
集中力の低下
能力の低下

Economy

購買力の低下
通貨価値の低下
支持率の低下
地位の低下

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近、何かサービスの質が低下したと感じることはありますか？ (Have you felt that the quality of any service has declined lately?)"

"冬になると気温が低下しますが、どうやって体調を管理していますか？ (Temperature drops in winter; how do you manage your health?)"

"スマホのバッテリー性能の低下を防ぐために、何かしていますか？ (Do you do anything to prevent the decline of your phone's battery performance?)"

"仕事や勉強で、集中力が低下したときはどうリフレッシュしますか？ (When your concentration declines during work or study, how do you refresh?)"

"日本の学力低下について、どう思われますか？ (What do you think about the decline in academic ability in Japan?)"

موضوعات نگارش

最近、自分の「やる気」が低下した瞬間について書いてください。その原因は何でしたか？ (Write about a moment when your motivation declined recently. What was the cause?)

技術の進歩によって、人間が本来持っていた能力が低下していると思いますか？ (Do you think human innate abilities are declining due to technological progress?)

あなたがよく行くお店で、品質の低下を感じたことはありますか？具体的に教えてください。 (Have you felt a decline in quality at a shop you often visit? Please tell me specifically.)

健康を維持するために、体力の低下をどうやって防いでいますか？ (How are you preventing a decline in physical strength to maintain your health?)

社会全体の道徳心の低下について、あなたの意見を述べてください。 (State your opinion on the decline of morality in society as a whole.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, for numbers you should use '減少' (genshō). 'Teika' is for levels, quality, or function. For example, you can say 'the quality of the labor force declined' (労働力の質の低下), but not 'the number of workers declined' using 'teika'.

'Sagaru' is a general, more casual verb meaning 'to go down.' 'Teika suru' is a formal, Sino-Japanese word used in business, news, and academic writing. You would use 'sagaru' with friends and 'teika' in a report.

Yes, almost always. It implies that a level or quality that was previously higher (and usually better) has dropped. You wouldn't use it for a 'decline in crime' because that is a positive thing; you would use 'genshō' instead.

You would use the causative form: '気温を低下させる' (kion o teika saseru). However, in daily life, it's much more common to say '温度を下げる' (ondo o sageru).

Generally, no. For prices and stocks, '下落' (geraku) or '下がる' (sagaru) are the standard terms. 'Teika' might be used for the 'value' of a currency (価値の低下), but not for the price of an apple.

Yes, very frequently. It describes a decline in organ function (e.g., 肝機能の低下 - liver function decline) or physical abilities (e.g., 視力の低下 - eyesight decline).

It is an idiomatic expression meaning 'to continue to decline steadily' or 'to be on a one-way path of decline.' It is used for serious, persistent negative trends.

You can say 'gakuryoku no teika' (decline in academic ability), but for a specific test score, it's more natural to say 'tensū ga sagatta' (my score went down).

It is a medical suffix meaning 'hypo-function' or 'underactivity,' such as '甲状腺機能低下症' (hypothyroidism).

Context is key, but pitch accent also helps. '低下' (decline) is usually Low-High-High, while '定価' (fixed price) is High-Low-Low. Also, 'fixed price' is almost always a noun, while 'decline' is often a verb (teika suru).

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