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A2 noun #1,500 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

祖父

sofu
At the A1 level, learners focus on the most basic family terms. While 'ojiisan' is often taught first because it is easier to use in general conversation, 'sofu' is introduced as the specific word for 'my grandfather' in simple introductions. A1 learners should recognize 'sofu' in a family tree and understand that it refers to the father of a parent. The focus is on identifying the word and its basic meaning without worrying too much about the complex social rules of humble speech. You might see it in a simple sentence like 'Watashi no sofu wa 70-sai desu' (My grandfather is 70 years old). At this stage, the goal is simply to build a foundation of kinship vocabulary so that the learner can describe their immediate family members in a classroom setting. Kanji recognition for 'father' (父) helps in identifying 'sofu' (祖父). Learners are encouraged to use 'sofu' when writing a basic self-introduction script.
At the A2 level, the distinction between 'sofu' and 'ojiisan' becomes more important. Learners are expected to understand the 'Uchi-Soto' (inside-outside) concept at a basic level. You learn that 'sofu' is the humble term used when talking to people outside your family. A2 learners should be able to use 'sofu' correctly in a short speech about their family or in a simple letter to a teacher. This level also introduces the counterpart 'sobo' (grandmother). The focus shifts from mere identification to 'correct usage in context'. For example, an A2 learner should know not to call their own grandfather 'sofu' when speaking to him directly. They should also begin to recognize 'sofu' in simple reading passages, such as a blog post or a short story about someone's childhood. Exercises at this level often involve choosing between 'sofu' and 'ojiisan' based on who the speaker is talking to.
By B1, learners should have a firm grasp of the social registers associated with 'sofu'. They should use it naturally in formal situations, such as job interviews or business meetings, without hesitation. B1 learners also encounter 'sofu' in more complex grammatical structures, such as 'sofu ga kureta tokei' (the watch my grandfather gave me) used within a larger narrative. They start to see 'sofu' in news reports and formal documents. At this level, the learner understands that 'sofu' is not just a word for 'grandfather', but a tool for managing social distance and showing politeness to the listener. They can explain the difference between 'sofu' and 'ojiisan' to others. B1 learners also start to learn related terms like 'sofubo' (grandparents) and 'sousofu' (great-grandfather) and can use them in discussions about family history or societal changes like the aging population in Japan.
At the B2 level, 'sofu' is used fluently in a wide range of formal and academic contexts. Learners can discuss the nuances of the word in literature, noting how an author's choice of 'sofu' versus 'ojiisan' can change the tone of a story. They are comfortable reading legal or historical texts where 'sofu' appears frequently. B2 learners can also handle honorifics and humble speech (keigo) with greater sophistication, integrating 'sofu' into complex sentences like 'Sofu wa kyonen nakunarimashita' (My grandfather passed away last year) using appropriate humble verbs. They understand the cultural significance of the grandfather's role in the traditional Japanese family system (ie seido) and can use 'sofu' in discussions about sociology or history. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a part of a larger cultural and linguistic framework.
C1 learners possess a deep, intuitive understanding of 'sofu' and its place in the Japanese language. They can appreciate the etymological roots of the kanji and how the term has evolved over centuries. In C1 level reading, they might encounter 'sofu' in classical literature or high-level academic papers on linguistics or genealogy. They can use the term in nuanced ways, perhaps in a formal speech at a wedding or a funeral, where the choice of words carries significant emotional and social weight. C1 learners are also aware of regional variations and archaic forms of the word, even if they don't use them in daily life. They can analyze the sociolinguistic implications of the word's usage in different social classes or historical periods. Their use of 'sofu' is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker, reflecting a perfect mastery of the 'Uchi-Soto' system.
At the C2 level, mastery of 'sofu' is absolute. The learner understands the word not just as a label, but as a symbol of the entire Japanese kinship and honorific system. They can engage in high-level scholarly debate about the evolution of kinship terms in East Asian languages, comparing 'sofu' with its counterparts in Chinese or Korean. They can write professional-grade articles or books in Japanese where 'sofu' is used with perfect precision. C2 learners can also play with the word's usage in creative writing, perhaps using it ironically or to evoke a specific historical atmosphere. They have a complete grasp of all idiomatic expressions and cultural connotations associated with grandfathers in Japanese society. For a C2 learner, 'sofu' is a versatile tool used to navigate the most complex social and intellectual landscapes in Japan.
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

祖父 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Sofu is the humble Japanese word for 'my grandfather', used when speaking to people outside your family.
  • It is never used to address your grandfather directly; use 'Ojiisan' or 'Jiiji' for that.
  • The kanji 祖 means ancestor and 父 means father, combining to mean 'ancestral father'.
  • Using sofu correctly shows you understand the Japanese Uchi-Soto system of social registers.

The term 祖父 (sofu) is a fundamental kinship term in Japanese that specifically denotes one's own grandfather. To understand this word, one must look at its constituent kanji. The first character, 祖 (so), signifies an ancestor, a founder, or a predecessor. It is composed of the 'altar' radical on the left, suggesting a connection to lineage and veneration. The second character, 父 (fu/chichi), is the standard kanji for 'father'. Together, they literally translate to 'ancestral father,' which perfectly encapsulates the role of a grandfather as the patriarch of the previous generation. In the Japanese social hierarchy, 'sofu' is categorized as a humble term. This means it is used when you are speaking to someone outside your immediate social circle (the 'soto' or outside world) about your own family member. It is not a title you would use to address your grandfather directly; for that, you would use 'Ojiisan' or 'Jiiji'. Understanding 'sofu' requires grasping the concept of Uchi-Soto, which dictates how Japanese speakers adjust their language based on the relationship between the speaker, the listener, and the person being discussed. When you use 'sofu', you are lowering the status of your family member to show respect to the person you are talking to. This is a hallmark of A2 and B1 level Japanese proficiency, where learners move beyond basic vocabulary into the nuances of social register. In biological terms, 'sofu' applies equally to your father's father and your mother's father, unlike some languages that differentiate between paternal and maternal grandparents. However, in legal and formal documents, 'sofu' is the standard designation for this relationship.

Kanji Breakdown
祖 (Ancestor) + 父 (Father) = 祖父 (Grandfather).
Social Category
Humble (Kenjou) form for one's own family.

私の祖父は今年で八十歳になります。(My grandfather will be 80 years old this year.)

祖父は毎朝公園を散歩するのが日課です。(It is my grandfather's daily routine to walk in the park every morning.)

Etymology
Derived from Middle Chinese 'tso-pju', reflecting the Confucian emphasis on lineage.

これは祖父が大切にしていた時計です。(This is a watch that my grandfather cherished.)

Using 祖父 (sofu) correctly is a litmus test for understanding Japanese social dynamics. The primary rule is that 'sofu' is used when referring to your own grandfather in a conversation with someone who is not a member of your family. For example, if you are at work and your boss asks about your family, you would say, 'Sofu wa genki desu' (My grandfather is well). You would never call your grandfather 'Sofu' to his face. If you were at home and wanted to get his attention, you would say 'Ojiisan' or 'Jiiji'. This distinction is vital. Think of 'sofu' as a label for a role in a formal report, while 'Ojiisan' is a name used in a warm, personal relationship. Furthermore, 'sofu' is used in written contexts such as resumes, applications, or formal letters where you need to state your family background. In these cases, the word provides a neutral, objective tone. Another important aspect is the contrast with 'Ojiisan' when referring to *other* people's grandfathers. If you are talking about your friend's grandfather, you must use 'Ojiisan' (or the even more polite 'Ojiisama') to show respect to their family. Using 'sofu' for someone else's grandfather is a major faux pas because it implies that their grandfather is part of your humble inner circle, which is logically impossible and socially insulting. When writing a diary or a personal essay, 'sofu' is often used to maintain a consistent narrative distance, though 'ojiisan' might be used if the tone is particularly nostalgic or emotional. In professional settings, such as introducing your family during an interview, 'sofu' is the only acceptable term. It demonstrates that you understand the boundaries of professional decorum and the 'Uchi-Soto' system that governs Japanese society.

The Uchi-Soto Rule
Use 'Sofu' for your grandfather when talking to 'Soto' (outsiders).

面接官：ご家族について教えてください。 私：はい、祖父と両親と妹がいます。(Interviewer: Tell me about your family. Me: Yes, I have a grandfather, parents, and a younger sister.)

祖父の代から続くこの店を守りたい。(I want to protect this shop that has continued since my grandfather's generation.)

Direct Address vs. Reference
Reference (to others): 祖父 (Sofu). Direct Address: おじいさん (Ojiisan).

私の祖父は、若い頃にブラジルへ渡りました。(My grandfather moved to Brazil when he was young.)

You will encounter the word 祖父 (sofu) in a variety of specific contexts, primarily those that are formal, public, or objective. In the media, news anchors use 'sofu' when reporting on stories involving someone's grandfather. For instance, 'A man was rescued by his grandfather' would be reported using 'sofu' to maintain a professional, journalistic distance. In literature, especially in autobiographies or formal novels, the narrator will refer to their grandfather as 'sofu' to establish a clear narrative voice. In the business world, during self-introductions or when discussing family-run businesses, 'sofu' is the standard term. You might hear a CEO say, 'This company was founded by my sofu.' Legal and administrative settings are another major area. When filling out government forms, inheritance documents, or family registries (koseki), 'sofu' is the required terminology. In schools, students are taught to use 'sofu' when writing essays about their families or during formal presentations. Even in casual conversation, if a person is trying to sound more mature or polite while speaking to a stranger, they might opt for 'sofu' over 'ojiisan'. Interestingly, in historical dramas (jidaigeki), you might hear variations, but 'sofu' remains the anchor for formal reference. It is also common in medical settings; a doctor might ask, 'Did your sofu have any history of heart disease?' In this context, 'sofu' is used as a precise medical/kinship term. Understanding where 'sofu' appears helps learners recognize the 'formality level' of a situation immediately. If you hear 'sofu', the atmosphere is likely professional, respectful, or serious.

Common Contexts
News reports, business meetings, legal documents, school essays.

ニュース：犯人は、同居していた祖父を助け出しました。(News: The perpetrator rescued his grandfather who lived with him.)

医者：祖父に持病はありましたか？(Doctor: Did your grandfather have any chronic illnesses?)

Formal Introductions
Used when introducing family members to a new acquaintance or superior.

履歴書には「祖父の介護のため」と書きました。(I wrote 'to care for my grandfather' on my resume.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with 祖父 (sofu) is using it to refer to someone else's grandfather. In Japanese, you must use 'Ojiisan' (or 'Ojiisama') for others. For example, saying 'Tanaka-san no sofu' is grammatically correct but socially awkward or even rude, as it fails to elevate Tanaka-san's family member. Another common error is using 'sofu' as a term of address. If you walk up to your grandfather and say 'Sofu, ohayou,' he will likely be confused or find it very cold. It would be like calling your father 'Male Parent' instead of 'Dad'. A third mistake is confusing 'sofu' (grandfather) with 'sobo' (grandmother) or 'oji' (uncle). While they sound somewhat similar to a beginner's ear, their kanji and meanings are distinct. Furthermore, some learners forget to use 'sofu' in formal situations where it is expected. If you are in a job interview and say 'Watashi no ojiisan wa...', it sounds overly childish or unprofessional. You are expected to use the humble 'sofu' to show that you are a socially aware adult. Lastly, there is the confusion between 'sofu' and 'sofu' (with a long 'u' sound, though not a common word, it can happen in phonetic slips). Always remember: 'sofu' is for *your* family, when talking to *others*. If you keep this 'Uchi-Soto' rule in mind, you will avoid 90% of the mistakes associated with this word. Another subtle mistake is using 'sofu' when you should be using 'sofu-bo' (grandparents). If you mean both, don't just say 'sofu'.

Mistake #1: Wrong Family
Using 'sofu' for a friend's grandfather. (Correct: Ojiisan).

❌ 田中さんの祖父は元気ですか？
✅ 田中さんのおじいさんは元気ですか？

❌ 祖父、お腹すいた？
✅ おじいちゃん、お腹すいた？

Mistake #2: Level of Formality
Using 'ojiisan' in a formal business report about your family history.

❌ 私のおじいさんは医者でした。(In a formal interview)
✅ 私の祖父は医師でございました。

Several words are related to 祖父 (sofu), and understanding the differences between them is key to mastery. The most obvious is おじいさん (ojiisan). While both mean 'grandfather', 'ojiisan' is the polite/respectful form used for others' grandfathers or to address one's own. It can also refer to any elderly man, regardless of relation. Another related term is 祖母 (sobo), which is the humble term for 'grandmother'. Together, they form 祖父母 (sofubo), meaning 'grandparents'. Then there is 伯父/叔父 (oji), which means 'uncle'. Beginners often confuse 'sofu' and 'oji' because of the shared 'ji' sound in 'ojiisan'. However, 'oji' refers to a parent's brother, not a parent's father. In more formal or archaic contexts, you might encounter 祖父君 (sofukun) or 大父 (ooji), though these are rare in modern daily life. There is also 曾祖父 (sousofu), which means 'great-grandfather'. The addition of 'sou' (曾) adds another generation to the lineage. For very young children, the term じいじ (jiiji) is a common, affectionate way to address their grandfather, similar to 'grandpa' or 'gramps'. In regional dialects, you might hear variations like 'onji' in some parts of Kyushu, but 'sofu' remains the standard Japanese (hyoujungo) term for formal reference. Comparing these words helps clarify that 'sofu' is specifically a *reference* term for *one's own* grandfather in *formal* or *out-group* contexts.

Sofu vs. Ojiisan
Sofu: Humble, for your own grandfather. Ojiisan: Polite, for others or direct address.
Sofu vs. Sobo
Sofu: Grandfather. Sobo: Grandmother.
Sofu vs. Oji
Sofu: Grandfather (2 generations up). Oji: Uncle (1 generation up).

家系図：祖父 — 祖母 (Family Tree: Grandfather — Grandmother)

私の祖父と、田中さんのおじいさんは同い年です。(My grandfather and Tanaka-san's grandfather are the same age.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

""

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

私の祖父は元気です。

My grandfather is healthy.

Basic 'A wa B desu' structure.

2

祖父は七十歳です。

My grandfather is 70 years old.

Using 'sofu' to state age.

3

これは祖父の写真です。

This is a photo of my grandfather.

Possessive 'no' with 'sofu'.

4

祖父は日本に住んでいます。

My grandfather lives in Japan.

Present continuous state 'sunde imasu'.

5

祖父は犬が好きです。

My grandfather likes dogs.

Using 'ga suki' for preferences.

6

祖父の名前は太郎です。

My grandfather's name is Taro.

Simple identification.

7

祖父は毎日お茶を飲みます。

My grandfather drinks tea every day.

Daily habit with 'mainichi'.

8

私の祖父は背が高いです。

My grandfather is tall.

Adjective 'takai' describing 'sofu'.

1

祖父は昔、先生でした。

My grandfather was a teacher a long time ago.

Past tense 'deshita' with 'mukashi'.

2

祖父に手紙を書きました。

I wrote a letter to my grandfather.

Indirect object marker 'ni'.

3

祖父からプレゼントをもらいました。

I received a present from my grandfather.

Source marker 'kara' with 'moraimashita'.

4

私の祖父は料理が上手です。

My grandfather is good at cooking.

Skill expression 'ga jouzu'.

5

祖父と一緒に散歩します。

I go for a walk with my grandfather.

Accompaniment 'to issho ni'.

6

祖父は山登りが趣味です。

My grandfather's hobby is mountain climbing.

Topic marker 'wa' and hobby 'shumi'.

7

祖父は眼鏡をかけています。

My grandfather is wearing glasses.

State of wearing 'kakete imasu'.

8

週末、祖父の家に行きます。

I am going to my grandfather's house this weekend.

Future intent/direction 'ni ikimasu'.

1

祖父が亡くなってから三年になります。

It has been three years since my grandfather passed away.

Time duration since an event 'te kara'.

2

祖父は若い頃、とても苦労したそうです。

I heard that my grandfather had a very hard time when he was young.

Hearsay 'sou desu'.

3

祖父の遺品を整理しています。

I am sorting through my grandfather's belongings.

Formal term 'ihin' (memento/belongings of the deceased).

4

祖父は私に「誠実であれ」と教えました。

My grandfather taught me to 'be sincere'.

Quotation 'to' with 'oshiemashita'.

5

祖父の影響で、私は歴史が好きになりました。

I came to like history due to my grandfather's influence.

Cause/Reason 'eikyou de'.

6

祖父は退職後、田舎で暮らしています。

My grandfather has been living in the countryside since retiring.

Time after an event 'taishoku-go'.

7

祖父の健康を願って、お守りを買いました。

I bought a lucky charm, wishing for my grandfather's health.

Purpose 'negatte'.

8

祖父はパソコンを使いこなしています。

My grandfather has mastered using a computer.

Compound verb 'tsukaikonasu' (to master/use well).

1

祖父の代から続く伝統を守り抜く決意です。

I am determined to protect the tradition that has continued since my grandfather's time.

Determined action 'mamorinuku'.

2

祖父は、戦後の混乱期をたくましく生き抜きました。

My grandfather survived the chaotic post-war period with resilience.

Survival 'ikinuku'.

3

祖父の教えは、今でも私の心の支えになっています。

My grandfather's teachings still support me emotionally today.

Emotional support 'kokoro no sasae'.

4

祖父は厳格な人でしたが、孫には優しかったです。

My grandfather was a strict person, but he was kind to his grandchildren.

Contrast 'deshita ga'.

5

祖父の功績を称えて、記念碑が建てられました。

A monument was built to honor my grandfather's achievements.

Passive voice 'tateraremashita'.

6

祖父は多趣味で、書道や盆栽を嗜んでいました。

My grandfather had many hobbies and enjoyed calligraphy and bonsai.

Formal verb 'tashinamu' (to enjoy/practice a hobby).

7

祖父が残した言葉を、ノートに書き留めました。

I wrote down the words my grandfather left behind in a notebook.

Recording 'kakitomemashita'.

8

祖父は、村の発展に大きく貢献しました。

My grandfather contributed greatly to the development of the village.

Contribution 'kouken shimashita'.

1

祖父の生涯を辿る旅に出ることにしました。

I decided to go on a journey to retrace my grandfather's life.

Retracing a path 'tadoru'.

2

祖父は寡黙な人でしたが、その背中から多くを学びました。

My grandfather was a man of few words, but I learned much from his example.

Metaphorical 'senaka' (back/example).

3

祖父の蔵書には、貴重な初版本がいくつも含まれています。

My grandfather's book collection includes several valuable first editions.

Formal term 'zousho' (book collection).

4

祖父の遺志を継ぎ、社会貢献活動に励んでいます。

I am working hard in social contribution activities, following my grandfather's dying wishes.

Inheriting a will 'ishi o tsugu'.

5

祖父は、激動の昭和史を生き抜いた証人でもあります。

My grandfather is also a witness who lived through the turbulent Showa history.

Historical witness 'shounin'.

6

祖父の代に築かれた資産を、適切に運用する必要があります。

It is necessary to appropriately manage the assets built up during my grandfather's generation.

Asset management 'un'you'.

7

祖父は、独自の哲学を持って人生を歩んでいました。

My grandfather lived his life with his own unique philosophy.

Walking through life 'ayumu'.

8

祖父の面影が、最近の父に重なって見えます。

I see traces of my grandfather in my father lately.

Overlapping images 'kasanatte mieru'.

1

祖父の存在は、我が一族の精神的支柱であり続けています。

My grandfather's existence continues to be the spiritual pillar of our clan.

Spiritual pillar 'seishinteki shichuu'.

2

祖父が紡いだ物語は、世代を超えて語り継がれるべきです。

The stories spun by my grandfather should be passed down through generations.

Spinning a tale 'tsumugu'.

3

祖父の遺徳を偲び、親族一同が集まりました。

The whole family gathered to cherish the memory of my grandfather's virtues.

Cherishing virtues 'itoku o shinobu'.

4

祖父の筆致には、その高潔な人格が如実に表れています。

My grandfather's handwriting clearly reflects his noble character.

Handwriting/style 'hitchi'.

5

祖父は、伝統と革新の狭間で葛藤しながらも、道を切り拓きました。

My grandfather forged a path while struggling between tradition and innovation.

Forging a path 'michi o kirihiraku'.

6

祖父の炯眼は、時代の先を常に見据えていました。

My grandfather's keen eye was always looking ahead of the times.

Keen eye 'keigan'.

7

祖父の生涯を紐解くと、当時の社会情勢が鮮明に浮かび上がります。

Unraveling my grandfather's life brings the social conditions of that time into sharp focus.

Unraveling/examining 'himotoku'.

8

祖父が遺した広大な土地の境界を巡り、係争が生じています。

A dispute has arisen over the boundaries of the vast land left by my grandfather.

Legal dispute 'keisou'.

ترکیب‌های رایج

祖父の遺産 (Grandfather's legacy)
祖父に似る (Resemble grandfather)
祖父の代 (Grandfather's generation)
祖父の教え (Grandfather's teachings)
祖父の家 (Grandfather's house)
亡き祖父 (Late grandfather)
祖父の介護 (Caring for grandfather)
祖父の趣味 (Grandfather's hobby)
祖父の肖像画 (Grandfather's portrait)
祖父の故郷 (Grandfather's hometown)

عبارات رایج

祖父譲りの (Inherited from grandfather)

祖父の名に恥じない (Not to shame grandfather's name)

祖父を尊敬する (Respect grandfather)

祖父の跡を継ぐ (Follow in grandfather's footsteps)

祖父孝行 (Being a good grandchild)

祖父の面影 (Traces of grandfather)

祖父の遺志 (Grandfather's dying wish)

祖父の元気な姿 (Grandfather's healthy appearance)

祖父との思い出 (Memories with grandfather)

祖父の誕生日 (Grandfather's birthday)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

祖父 vs おじいさん (Ojiisan)

祖父 vs 叔父 (Oji)

祖父 vs 祖母 (Sobo)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

祖父 vs 叔父 (Oji)

祖父 vs 祖母 (Sobo)

祖父 vs 祖父 (Sofu)

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

خانواده کلمه

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

caution

Never use 'sofu' for someone else's grandfather.

formality

Highly formal/humble.

اشتباهات رایج

نکات

Business Etiquette

In a job interview, always use 'sofu' to refer to your grandfather. It demonstrates your maturity and understanding of Japanese social hierarchy. Using 'ojiisan' would make you sound like a child.

Particle Choice

When saying 'my grandfather', you can say 'watashi no sofu'. In many contexts, just 'sofu' is enough because the humble nature of the word already implies it is *your* grandfather.

Uchi-Soto

Remember the Uchi-Soto concept. 'Sofu' belongs to the 'Uchi' (inside/family) group. When you speak to the 'Soto' (outside/others), you use the humble 'Uchi' term.

Kanji Practice

Practice writing 祖 and 父 together. Notice how the 'father' kanji is simplified when it's part of other words, but here it stands as its own character.

Pitch Accent

The pitch accent for 'sofu' is 'atamadaka' (Type 1), meaning the first syllable 'so' is high and 'fu' is low. Practice saying SO-fu to sound natural.

Pairing with Sobo

Always learn 'sofu' (grandfather) and 'sobo' (grandmother) together. They follow the same rules and share the first kanji 祖.

Context Clues

If you hear someone say 'sofu', you can immediately assume they are talking about their own family in a somewhat formal setting.

The 'Ancestor' Kanji

The kanji 祖 is also used in 'senzo' (ancestor). Think of your grandfather as the most recent 'ancestor' in your family line.

News Vocabulary

You will often see 祖父 in newspaper headlines. It is a very common 'news' word for reporting on incidents involving the elderly.

Introducing Family

When introducing your family to a Japanese person for the first time, using 'sofu' will leave a very good impression of your language skills.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Japanese

بافت فرهنگی

In the Japanese Civil Code, 'sofu' is the legal term for a male grandparent.

Japanese kinship terms are split into 'referential' and 'address' forms.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"祖父について話してくれますか？"

"祖父から何か教わったことはありますか？"

"祖父の家はどこにありますか？"

"祖父の趣味は何ですか？"

"祖父に似ていると言われますか？"

موضوعات نگارش

私の祖父についての思い出。

祖父が大切にしていたもの。

祖父のような大人になりたい理由。

祖父から学んだ人生の教訓。

祖父の若い頃の話。

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you should not call him 'Sofu' directly. It would sound very cold and clinical. Instead, use 'Ojiisan' or 'Ojiichan' which are warm and respectful terms for direct address. 'Sofu' is only for referring to him when talking to others.

'Sofu' is a humble term used for your own grandfather when speaking to outsiders. 'Ojiisan' is a respectful term used for someone else's grandfather or to address your own. 'Ojiisan' can also mean any elderly man.

Yes, in Japanese, 'sofu' is used for both your father's father and your mother's father. There is no linguistic distinction between the two sides of the family in the standard term.

You should start using 'sofu' as soon as you begin practicing formal introductions or writing essays about your family, typically at the A2 level. It's an important step in mastering Japanese social registers.

It is a 'humble' word (kenjougo), which is a type of polite speech. It shows politeness to the person you are talking to by humbling your own family member's status.

It is written as 祖父. The first kanji (祖) means ancestor, and the second (父) means father. Make sure to include the 'altar' radical on the left side of the first character.

This would be a mistake. It would sound like you are including their grandfather in your own humble family circle, which is socially incorrect. You should use 'Ojiisan' for their grandfather.

In anime, characters often use 'Ojiisan' because the dialogue is usually casual. However, you will hear 'sofu' when a character is speaking to a teacher, a boss, or in a formal flashback.

No, 'sofu' specifically means grandfather. For great-grandfather, you add the prefix 'sou' to get 'sousofu' (曾祖父).

In extremely formal or written contexts, you might use 'Sofu-ko' or 'Sofu-kun', but 'Sofu' is the standard formal term for almost all professional situations.

خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال

writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather is 80 years old.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'I went to my grandfather's house.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather was a doctor.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather likes tea.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'I inherited this watch from my grandfather.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write the kanji for 'sofu'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather is very healthy.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'I respect my grandfather.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather lives in Tokyo.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather's teachings are important.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'grandfather' in hiragana.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather is tall.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'I received a letter from my grandfather.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather's hobby is fishing.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather passed away three years ago.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'This is my grandfather.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather wears glasses.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather was born in Kyoto.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'I am going to visit my grandfather.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence: 'My grandfather built this house.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'My grandfather' in Japanese.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Introduce your grandfather to a teacher.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Explain why you use 'sofu' instead of 'ojiisan' to a boss.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'My grandfather is 75 years old.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Talk about a lesson you learned from your grandfather.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Grandfather's house'.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'My grandfather likes fishing.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'I respect my grandfather.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'My grandfather is healthy.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Describe your grandfather's personality humbly.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to the word: 'Sofu'. What does it mean?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Watashi no sofu wa isha desu.' What is the job?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Sofu wa kyonen nakunarimashita.' When did he pass away?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Sofu no ie ni ikimasu.' Where is the speaker going?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Sofu no代 kara no mise desu.' How long has the shop existed?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'My grandfather was a man of few words.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Discuss the impact of your grandfather on your values.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Identify the tone when someone uses 'Sofu' in a funeral eulogy.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

/ 180 درست

نمره کامل!

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این کلمه در زبان‌های دیگر

祖父 چینی 爷爷 چینی
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