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A2 verb #4,000 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

干す

hosu رتبه 4,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 干す در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 干す in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'hosu' as a simple action verb related to daily chores. Focus on the phrase 'Sentakumono o hosu' (to hang laundry). Think of it as part of your morning routine. You don't need to worry about the figurative meanings yet. Just remember that if you have wet clothes and you put them on a hanger or a line outside, you are 'hosu-ing' them. The most important thing is to distinguish it from 'taberu' (eat) or 'neru' (sleep) as a basic life verb. You might see it in simple pictures of a house with clothes outside. Remember: 'Hosu' = Hang to dry.

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At the A2 level, you start to see 'hosu' in more varied contexts, like drying 'futon' (bedding) or 'taoru' (towels). You should be able to conjugate it into the polite '-masu' form (hoshimasu) and the '-te' form (hoshite) to connect sentences. For example, 'Sentakumono o hoshite kara, gakkou ni ikimasu' (I hang the laundry, then go to school). You should also learn that 'hosu' is a transitive verb, so you always use the particle 'o' with it. This level is about mastering the physical act of drying things in the sun or air.

At the B1 level, you should understand the difference between 'hosu' and 'kawakasu' (to dry in general). You'll also encounter 'hosu' in food contexts, like 'hoshi-shiitake' (dried shiitake) or 'himono' (dried fish). You might start to hear the passive form 'hosareru' in casual conversation or TV shows, but usually in a physical sense (e.g., being left out in the sun). You should be comfortable using 'hosu' in compound sentences and understanding it in weather reports where the 'laundry index' is discussed. It's about expanding from 'laundry' to 'preservation' and 'environment.'

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At the B2 level, you must master the figurative and idiomatic uses of 'hosu.' This includes the social meaning of 'hosareru' (to be sidelined or blacklisted in a job or social group). You should also know the idiom 'sakazuki o hosu' (to drain a cup/drink up). You'll see 'hosu' in more complex kanji compounds and formal writing. At this stage, you should understand the nuance that 'hosu' implies a process involving air or sun, and how that differs from mechanical drying. You'll also encounter it in environmental contexts, like 'ike o hosu' (draining a pond for cleaning).

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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'hosu' in literary and historical contexts. This includes its use in classical poetry where drying sleeves (sode o hosu) often refers to drying tears after weeping. You should be able to use the word in professional settings, discussing food technology (drying processes) or social issues (being sidelined in the workplace). Your vocabulary should include related terms like 'kageboshi' (shade-drying) and 'tenpiboshi' (sun-drying) and you should be able to explain the cultural significance of these methods in Japanese history and industry.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, you use 'hosu' with the precision of a native speaker, including its most obscure idiomatic and technical applications. You understand the etymological roots of the kanji '干' and its relationship to other characters. You can discuss the nuances between 'hosu,' 'karasu' (to wither/dry up plants), and 'hikaseru' (to drain). You are familiar with 'hosu' in legal or highly specialized industrial contexts, such as the 'drying' of credit or resources in an economy. At this level, 'hosu' is not just a verb but a concept of removal and preservation that you can apply across all registers of the Japanese language.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

干す در ۳۰ ثانیه

Hosu means to hang items (like laundry) out to dry using air or sunlight.
It is a transitive verb (requires 'o') and is a Group 1 (Godan) verb.
Culturally, it's essential for laundry, futons, and traditional dried foods like shiitake.
Metaphorically, it can mean to sideline or blacklist someone in a social/professional setting.

The Japanese verb 干す (hosu) is a foundational term in daily Japanese life, primarily meaning 'to hang something out to dry' or 'to air out.' At its core, it describes the intentional act of exposing an object—most commonly laundry, food, or wet items—to the air or sunlight to remove moisture. This verb is classified as a transitive verb (他動詞), meaning it requires a direct object: you dry something. In the context of a Japanese household, this word is inseparable from the image of a sunny balcony filled with clothes, as mechanical dryers are less common in Japan than in many Western countries.

Daily Domestic Usage: The most frequent use of 'hosu' is with laundry (洗濯物 - sentakumono). In Japan, the weather forecast often includes a 'laundry index' (洗濯指数), telling people if it is a good day to 'hosu' their clothes. It is not just about clothes, though; Japanese people frequently 'hosu' their heavy floor mattresses (布団 - futon) to keep them fluffy and free of mold.
Culinary Context: Beyond laundry, 'hosu' is essential in food preservation. Traditional Japanese cuisine (Washoku) relies heavily on dried ingredients. When someone dries fish to make 'himono' or dries persimmons to make 'shibugaki,' they are performing the action of 'hosu.' This nuances the word toward a sense of preparation and preservation through nature's elements.

天気がいいから、外に洗濯物を干そう。
(The weather is nice, so let's hang the laundry outside.)

Interestingly, 'hosu' also has a figurative side. In the world of entertainment or corporate politics, if someone is 'hosareru' (the passive form), it means they are being 'dried out' or sidelined. Just as a plant withers without water, a person who is 'hosareru' is deprived of work or social interaction, effectively being 'blacklisted' or benched. This shows the word's versatility from a simple chore to a powerful social metaphor.

In summary, 'hosu' is about the transformation of something wet or damp into something dry and usable through exposure. Whether you are dealing with a wet towel, a batch of seaweed, or a glass of sake (where it means to drain the cup), 'hosu' implies the removal of liquid to reach a desired state of dryness or emptiness.

Using 干す (hosu) correctly involves understanding its status as a Godan verb (Group 1) and its relationship with its objects. Since it is a transitive verb, you will almost always see the particle を (o) preceding it. The actor is the one performing the drying action, and the object is what is being dried.

Grammatical Conjugation: As a Godan verb ending in 'su', it follows standard patterns: Hoshimasu (polite), Hosanai (negative), Hoshita (past), and Hoshite (te-form). The te-form is particularly common when giving instructions or describing a sequence of chores: 'Sentakumono o hoshite kara, kaimono ni ikimasu' (After hanging the laundry, I will go shopping).

梅干しを作るために、梅を三日間干します。
(To make pickled plums, we dry the plums for three days.)

One of the most important distinctions to make is between 干す (hosu) and 乾かす (kawakasu). While both mean 'to dry,' 'hosu' specifically implies hanging something out or airing it out, often in the sun. You wouldn't usually use 'hosu' for a hair dryer (you'd use kawakasu), but you would use 'hosu' for a towel on a clothesline. 'Hosu' carries a nuance of 'placing something in a specific spot so nature can dry it.'

Another advanced usage is the causative-passive form 干される (hosareru). This is common in news headlines. For example, 'Kanojo wa gyoukai kara hosareta' means 'She was dried out (pushed out/blacklisted) from the industry.' This suggests that the industry 'dried up' her opportunities. Understanding these variations allows you to transition from basic A2 laundry talk to understanding complex social commentary in Japanese media.

You will encounter 干す (hosu) in a variety of settings, ranging from the mundane to the metaphorical. In a Japanese home, it is a daily keyword. If you stay with a host family or live in Japan, you will hear it every morning when the sun comes out. It is part of the 'household rhythm' that defines Japanese domesticity.

In the Home: Parents will tell children: 'Nureta taoru o chanto hoshite!' (Hang up your wet towel properly!). On sunny days, neighbors might exchange greetings like 'Kyou wa futon-hoshi biyori desu ne' (It's a perfect day for airing out futons, isn't it?).
Weather Forecasts: Weather reporters use the word 'hosu' indirectly through terms like 'sentakumono-hoshi' (laundry hanging). They might say, 'Gogo kara ame ga furu no de, hayame ni hoshimashou' (It will rain from the afternoon, so let's hang [the laundry] out early).

「あ、雨だ！洗濯物を干したままだった！」
("Oh, rain! I left the laundry hanging out!")

In the culinary world, you'll see this word on packaging. 'Hoshi-shiitake' (dried shiitake mushrooms) or 'Hoshi-imo' (dried sweet potatoes) are common snacks. The word 'hosu' here implies a concentrated flavor and a traditional method of preparation. When you visit a coastal town, you will see 'ika' (squid) being 'hosu-ed' on rotating racks, a sight known as 'ika-no-kaikenzushi.'

Finally, in literature and songs, 'hosu' can be used poetically. Drying tears (namida o hosu) or drying a pond (ike o hosu) are images used to describe the end of sorrow or a drastic change in environment. Whether it's the physical act of hanging a shirt or the social act of excluding a rival, 'hosu' is a word that permeates the Japanese experience.

While 干す (hosu) is relatively straightforward, English speakers often make mistakes regarding its transitivity and its specific nuances compared to other 'drying' verbs. The most common error is confusing it with its intransitive counterpart or with more general verbs for drying.

Mistake 1: Hosu vs. Kawaku: 'Hosu' is something YOU do to an object. 'Kawaku' (乾く) is what happens to the object. You cannot say 'Sentakumono ga hoshita' to mean 'The laundry dried.' You must say 'Sentakumono ga kawaita.' Conversely, you don't 'kawaku' the laundry; you 'hosu' it or 'kawakasu' it.
Mistake 2: Overusing it for all drying: Don't use 'hosu' for drying your hands with a towel or drying dishes with a cloth. For hands, use 'fuku' (wipe/dry by wiping). For dishes, use 'fuku' or 'kawakasu.' 'Hosu' almost always implies hanging something up or spreading it out to let air/sun do the work.

❌ 手を干す。
✅ 手を拭く (fuku).
(You don't 'hang' your hands to dry; you wipe them.)

Another mistake involves the kanji. '干' (hosu) looks very similar to '千' (sen - thousand) and '平' (hei - flat). Be careful not to misread '干物' (himono - dried fish) as something else. Also, remember that 'hosu' is a Godan verb. Some learners mistakenly treat it as an Ichidan verb and say 'hoseru' instead of 'hoshimasu' for the polite form.

Lastly, avoid using 'hosu' when you mean 'to drain' in a biological sense (like dehydration). For a person being thirsty or dehydrated, use 'nodo ga kawaku' (throat is dry). 'Hosu' is an external, intentional action applied to objects or figurative social situations.

To truly master 干す (hosu), it helps to compare it with other verbs in the 'drying' and 'airing' family. Japanese has several specific words for these actions depending on the method and the object.

干す (Hosu) vs. 乾かす (Kawakasu): 'Hosu' is specifically about hanging/airing (usually outdoors). 'Kawakasu' is the general transitive verb for 'to dry' something. You use 'kawakasu' for hair dryers, heaters, or just making something not wet. If you use a machine dryer, you 'kawakasu' the clothes; you don't 'hosu' them inside a machine.
晒す (Sarasu): 'Sarasu' means to expose to the elements (sun, wind, or public eye). While 'hosu' is for drying, 'sarasu' is often used when the exposure itself is the goal, like bleaching cloth in the sun or exposing someone's secrets (shittai o sarasu).
拭く (Fuku): As mentioned, 'fuku' means to wipe. If you use a towel to dry a table or your body, you are 'fuku-ing,' not 'hosu-ing.' 'Hosu' requires the object to be left alone to dry over time.

ドライヤーで髪を乾かす。
(Dry hair with a hair dryer - use 'kawakasu' here.)

There is also 陰干し (kageboshi), which means drying something in the shade. Some delicate clothes shouldn't be 'hosu' in direct sunlight, so you 'kageboshi' them. This is a common instruction on Japanese clothing labels. Knowing these distinctions prevents you from sounding like you're trying to hang your hair on a clothesline!

By understanding that 'hosu' is specifically about the 'hanging/airing' method, you can accurately describe your daily chores and understand the cultural importance of sun-drying in Japan.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji '干' is also used in the word for 'interference' (干渉 - kanshou), which comes from the idea of 'clashing shields' or 'stepping into someone else's space.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /hɒsuː/

US /hoʊsuː/

Heiban (Flat) accent. The pitch stays relatively level throughout the word.

هم‌قافیه با

Kosu (to cross) Nosu (to stretch) Mosu (to burn - rare) Rosu (loss - katakana) Bosu (boss - katakana) Osu (to push) Tosu (toss - katakana) Yosu (to stop)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the 'u' too strongly (it should be nearly silent).
Confusing the pitch with 'hoshi' (star).
Stress on the first syllable (it should be even).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The kanji is simple but can be confused with 'thousand' or 'flat'.

نوشتن 2/5

Only three strokes, very easy to write.

صحبت کردن 1/5

Simple two-syllable word with common conjugation.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easy to hear, but watch for 'hoshi' (star) context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

洗う (arau - to wash) 水 (mizu - water) 太陽 (taiyou - sun) 服 (fuku - clothes) 外 (soto - outside)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

乾く (kawaku - to get dry) 湿る (shimeru - to be damp) 畳む (tatamu - to fold) 取り込む (torikomu - to take in laundry) 家事 (kaji - housework)

پیشرفته

乾燥機 (kansouki - dryer) 除湿 (joshitsu - dehumidification) 蒸発 (jouhatsu - evaporation) 干渉 (kanshou - interference) 渇く (kawaku - to be thirsty)

گرامر لازم

Transitive Verbs (~を干す)

タオルを干す。

Passive Voice (~に干される)

監督に干される。

Te-form for sequence (干してから~)

服を干してから出かける。

Volitional form (干そう)

一緒に干そう。

Potential form (干せる)

今日は外に干せる。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

洗濯物を干します。

I hang the laundry.

Simple present polite form.

タオルを干してください。

Please hang the towel.

Request form using -te kudasai.

外に干しますか？

Will you hang it outside?

Question form with 'soto' (outside).

シャツを干した。

I hung the shirt.

Past tense informal.

くつを干す。

I hang (or put out) my shoes to dry.

Dictionary form used for habits.

今日は干さない。

I won't hang (anything) today.

Negative informal form.

ここでおもちゃを干す。

I dry the toys here.

Using the particle 'de' for location.

お母さんは服を干している。

Mother is hanging the clothes.

Present progressive form.

天気がいいから、布団を干そう。

The weather is good, so let's air out the futon.

Volitional form 'hosou'.

雨が降る前に、洗濯物を干して。

Hang the laundry before it rains.

Using 'mae ni' (before).

濡れたハンカチを窓際で干した。

I dried the wet handkerchief by the window.

Specifying location with 'madogiwa'.

魚を干して、干物を作ります。

I dry the fish and make dried fish.

Te-form used for sequence.

ジーンズは乾きにくいから、長く干す。

Jeans are hard to dry, so I hang them for a long time.

Using the 'nikui' (hard to) suffix.

部屋の中で洗濯物を干さないでください。

Please do not hang laundry inside the room.

Negative request form.

洗ったばかりのシーツを干した。

I hung the sheets I just washed.

Using 'bakari' (just finished).

太陽の光でタオルを干すと気持ちいい。

It feels good to dry towels in the sunlight.

Conditional 'to' for general truths.

このセーターは陰干ししてください。

Please dry this sweater in the shade.

Noun + verb usage (kageboshi).

野菜を干すと、味が濃くなります。

When you dry vegetables, the flavor becomes stronger.

Conditional 'to' expressing result.

彼は一気にグラスを干した。

He drained the glass in one gulp.

Idiomatic use for drinking.

洗濯物を干しっぱなしにするのは良くない。

It's not good to leave the laundry hanging (indefinitely).

Using 'っぱなし' (left in a state).

梅干しを三日間、天日に干す工程があります。

There is a process of drying umeboshi in the sun for three days.

Technical/culinary description.

湿気が多いので、クローゼットの服を干した。

Because it was humid, I aired out the clothes in the closet.

Causal 'node'.

大根を干して、たくあんを作ります。

We dry daikon radishes to make takuan (pickles).

Process description.

水泳のあと、水着を干すのを忘れた。

After swimming, I forgot to hang my swimsuit.

Nominalized verb + wasureru.

不祥事を起こした俳優が、テレビ界から干された。

The actor who caused a scandal was sidelined from the TV world.

Passive form 'hosareta' (figurative).

池の水を全部干して、掃除をすることになった。

It was decided to drain all the water from the pond and clean it.

Meaning 'to drain' or 'to empty'.

彼はライバルを干すために、根回しをした。

He did some behind-the-scenes maneuvering to sideline his rival.

Figurative use for social exclusion.

干し柿は日本の伝統的な保存食です。

Dried persimmons are a traditional Japanese preserved food.

Noun form 'hoshi' as a prefix.

涙を干して、前を向いて歩き出した。

Drying his tears, he started walking forward.

Literary/poetic usage.

この地域では、イカを干す風景がよく見られる。

In this region, the sight of drying squid is often seen.

Passive 'mirareru' for common sights.

濡れた書類を一枚ずつ丁寧に干した。

I carefully laid out the wet documents one by one to dry.

Adverbial 'teinei ni'.

監督に干されて、彼はベンチを温める日々が続いた。

Being sidelined by the coach, his days of warming the bench continued.

Passive causative meaning 'benched'.

古書の虫干しは、湿気の少ない秋に行うのが最適だ。

Airing out old books (mushiboshi) is best done in autumn when humidity is low.

Specialized term 'mushiboshi' (airing to prevent bugs).

その政治家は党内抗争に敗れ、長年干されていた。

That politician lost the internal party struggle and was sidelined for years.

Passive continuous state.

一献干そうではないか、と彼は上機嫌で言った。

"Shall we drain a cup?" he said in high spirits.

Archaic/Formal invitation '~ou dewa nai ka'.

田んぼを干して土を固める「中干し」という作業がある。

There is a task called 'nakaboshi' where the rice field is drained to harden the soil.

Agricultural technical term.

彼女の才能を干すような真似は、組織にとって損失だ。

Acting in a way that sidelines her talent is a loss for the organization.

Abstract figurative usage.

墨を干す時間は、書道家にとって瞑想の時間でもある。

The time spent drying ink is also a time of meditation for a calligrapher.

Noun phrase 'hosu jikan'.

名誉を傷つけられ、世間から干される恐怖を感じた。

Having his honor damaged, he felt the fear of being blacklisted by society.

Compound emotional description.

その職人は、皮を干す工程に並々ならぬこだわりを持っている。

That craftsman has an extraordinary commitment to the leather-drying process.

Formal 'naminaminaranu' (extraordinary).

万葉集には、袖を干すという表現が頻繁に登場する。

In the Man'yoshu, the expression 'drying one's sleeves' appears frequently.

Classical literature reference.

河川の氾濫を防ぐため、一時的に遊水池を干す措置が取られた。

To prevent river flooding, measures were taken to temporarily drain the retarding basin.

Administrative/Technical register.

市場の流動性を干すような政策は、慎重に検討されるべきだ。

Policies that might dry up market liquidity should be carefully considered.

Metaphorical use in economics.

彼は自らの野心のために、恩師さえも干す冷酷さを持っていた。

For the sake of his own ambition, he was ruthless enough to even sideline his own mentor.

Advanced character description.

伝統建築において、材木を数年間干すのは基本中の基本である。

In traditional architecture, drying lumber for several years is the most basic of basics.

Construction/Heritage context.

その文豪は、インクが干すのを待つ間に次の構想を練った。

While waiting for the ink to dry, the great writer developed his next concept.

Literary narrative style.

焦土作戦によって、敵軍の補給路を干すことに成功した。

By scorched-earth tactics, they succeeded in drying up the enemy's supply lines.

Military/Historical context.

言論の自由を干す行為は、民主主義の根幹を揺るがす。

The act of drying up (suppressing) freedom of speech shakes the foundations of democracy.

Political/Philosophical register.

ترکیب‌های رایج

洗濯物を干す

布団を干す

魚を干す

盃を干す

池を干す

涙を干す

梅を干す

陰干しにする

天日に干す

業界から干される

عبارات رایج

干し物

— Dried things, usually food or laundry. It refers to the items currently being dried.

干し物を取り込む。

干し草

— Hay; literally 'dried grass.' Used in agricultural contexts.

馬に干し草をあげる。

干し柿

— Dried persimmons. A popular traditional Japanese winter snack.

祖母が作った干し柿は甘い。

干し椎茸

— Dried shiitake mushrooms. A staple for making dashi stock.

干し椎茸を水で戻す。

干しぶどう

— Raisins; literally 'dried grapes.'

パンに干しぶどうを入れる。

虫干し

— Airing out clothes or books to prevent mold and insect damage.

着物の虫干しをする。

土用干し

— Drying things (like plums) during the hottest days of midsummer.

梅の土用干しが始まった。

部屋干し

— Hanging laundry to dry inside a room, usually due to rain.

雨の日は部屋干しにする。

外干し

— Hanging laundry outside. The preferred method in Japan.

外干しの方がよく乾く。

干物女

— A slang term (Himono-onna) for a young woman who has 'dried up' regarding romance and prefers staying home.

休日はジャージで過ごす干物女だ。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

干す vs 千 (sen)

The kanji for 1,000 has a diagonal top stroke, while '干' has a horizontal one.

干す vs 平 (hei)

Means 'flat' or 'peace'. It has two extra dots/strokes at the top compared to '干'.

干す vs 午 (go)

Means 'noon'. The vertical stroke doesn't poke through the top in '干', but it does in '午'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"盃を干す"

— To drink all the alcohol in one's cup; to empty the glass.

彼は乾杯のあと、ぐいっと盃を干した。

Formal/Traditional

"芸能界を干される"

— To be blacklisted or pushed out of the entertainment industry.

スキャンダルで彼は芸能界を干された。

Colloquial

"池を干す"

— Literally to drain a pond, but often used for environmental cleanup projects.

テレビ番組で池を干す企画が人気だ。

General

"涙を干す"

— To stop crying and dry one's tears, often implying moving on.

いつまでも泣いていないで、涙を干しなさい。

Literary

"海を干す"

— An impossible task, similar to 'boiling the ocean.'

そんな計画は海を干すようなものだ。

Literary

"財布が干上がる"

— To run out of money completely (wallet dries up).

給料日前で財布が干上がっている。

Slang

"袖を干す暇もない"

— Crying so much that there is no time for the sleeves (used to wipe tears) to dry.

悲しみのあまり、袖を干す暇もない。

Poetic/Classical

"干物にする"

— To leave someone out in the sun too long, or to ignore someone completely.

彼を干物にするつもりか？

Informal

"根を干す"

— To expose the roots, or to get to the very bottom of something.

悪の根を干す。

Literary

"喉を干す"

— To be extremely thirsty (less common than 'kawaku' but used poetically).

砂漠で喉を干す。

Poetic

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干す vs 乾かす (kawakasu)

Both mean 'to dry'.

'Hosu' involves hanging/airing (nature), while 'kawakasu' is the general term including machines or towels.

Dryer = kawakasu. Clothesline = hosu.

干す vs 乾く (kawaku)

Same root meaning.

'Kawaku' is intransitive (the thing dries by itself). 'Hosu' is transitive (you dry the thing).

Laundry dries (kawaku). I dry laundry (hosu).

干す vs 拭く (fuku)

Both result in dryness.

'Fuku' is wiping. 'Hosu' is hanging.

Wipe a table (fuku). Hang a towel (hosu).

干す vs 晒す (sarasu)

Both involve sun exposure.

'Sarasu' is more about the 'exposure' itself (often for bleaching or public shaming), while 'hosu' is specifically to remove moisture.

Expose a secret (sarasu). Dry laundry (hosu).

干す vs 渇く (kawaku)

Sounds identical to 乾く.

This 'kawaku' specifically means being thirsty (throat drying).

Nodo ga kawaku (thirsty).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Object] を干します。

シャツを干します。

[Location] に [Object] を干す。

ベランダにタオルを干す。

[Object] を干して [Verb]。

魚を干して食べます。

[Person] が [Register] から干される。

彼がテレビから干される。

[Object] を [Method] で干す。

材木を自然乾燥で干す。

[Abstract] を干す。

資金源を干す。

[Object] を干さないでください。

ここで布団を干さないでください。

[Object] を干したままにする。

洗濯物を干したままにする。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

干物 (Himono - dried fish)

干し草 (Hoshikusa - hay)

物干し (Monohoshi - clothesline/rack)

فعل‌ها

干し上げる (Hoshiageru - to dry completely)

干し去る (Hoshisaru - to dry away)

صفت‌ها

干からびた (Hikarabita - shriveled/dried up)

مرتبط

乾燥 (Kansou - dryness)

乾く (Kawaku - to get dry)

乾かす (Kawakasu - to dry something)

湿気 (Shikke - humidity)

太陽 (Taiyou - sun)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very common in daily household talk and food contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'hosu' for drying hands. → Te o fuku (手を拭く).
You wipe your hands; you don't hang them to dry.
Saying 'Sentakumono ga hoshita'. → Sentakumono ga kawaita (洗濯物が乾いた).
'Hosu' is transitive. The laundry doesn't 'hosu' itself; it 'kawaku' (dries).
Confusing 'hosu' with 'hoshii' (want). → Laundry o hoshimasu (I dry laundry) vs. Laundry ga hoshii (I want laundry).
The sounds are similar but the grammar is totally different.
Using 'hosu' for mechanical drying. → Kansouki de kawakasu.
'Hosu' specifically implies the 'hanging/airing' method.
Miswriting the kanji as 'thousand' (千). → 干 (hosu) has a straight top bar.
Check your stroke direction! '千' starts with a slant.

نکات

Particle Choice

Always use 'を' (o) for the thing you are drying. Use 'に' (ni) for the place you are hanging it (e.g., balcony).

Futon Care

In Japan, drying your futon ('futon-hoshi') is essential to prevent mold in the humid climate. Don't forget to hit it with a 'futon-tataki' (beater)!

Food Labels

Look for the kanji '干' on food labels in Japanese supermarkets. It tells you the food is dried and will have a long shelf life.

Metaphorical Warning

Be careful using 'hosu' for people. Saying 'I will hosu him' sounds like you are going to bully or ignore him.

Stroke Order

Top horizontal, then middle horizontal (longer), then the vertical line. Simple and quick!

The Drying Rack

The kanji '干' looks like a simple rack with two levels. Perfect for hanging your 'hosu' items!

Heyaboshi

If it's raining, say 'Heyaboshi shimasu' (I'll dry it inside). It's a very common Japanese house-sharing phrase.

Shield Roots

The kanji originally meant 'shield'. Think of drying clothes as 'shielding' them from moisture!

The 'Su' Sound

The final 'u' in 'hosu' is often devoiced. It sounds more like 'hoss' than 'ho-suuu'.

Hosu vs Kawakasu

If you are using the wind or sun, use 'hosu'. If you are using a machine or heat source, use 'kawakasu'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a 'HO'se (HO) that has no water because the 'SU'n (SU) dried it all up. Now you use that dry hose to hang your laundry on!

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a row of white shirts blowing in the wind on a bright sunny balcony in Tokyo. The sun (干) is shining directly on them.

شبکه واژگان

Laundry Sun Air Dry Fish Futon Balcony Thirsty

چالش

Try to find 3 items in your house right now that you could 'hosu' (hang to dry) and say the word aloud for each.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Old Japanese word 'hosu'. The kanji '干' originally depicted a wooden weapon or a shield, but over time it came to represent the idea of drying or parching, possibly related to the sun's harshness on a battlefield.

معنای اصلی: To dry by exposure to heat or air.

Japonic

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using the passive 'hosareru' regarding people, as it implies a very negative social situation or bullying.

Westerners often use electric dryers, so the concept of 'hanging laundry' is often associated with being eco-friendly or rural life, whereas in Japan it is the urban norm.

The movie 'Tenki no Ko' (Weathering With You) features many scenes where characters desperately want to 'hosu' their laundry during endless rain. The term 'Himono Onna' from the manga 'Hotaru no Hikari'. Traditional 'himono' shops in coastal towns like Atami.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Morning Routine

洗濯物を干す
布団を干す
外に干す
ハンガーに干す

Cooking

椎茸を干す
魚を干す
野菜を干す
天日干しにする

Weather Problems

雨で干せない
部屋に干す
干しっぱなし
急いで取り込む

Workplace/Social

プロジェクトから干される
あいつを干す
無視して干す
業界から干される

Drinking

盃を干す
一気に干す
グラスを干す
飲み干す

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"今日は天気がいいから、布団を干しましたか？ (Today the weather is nice, did you air out your futon?)"

"洗濯物は外に干す派ですか、それとも乾燥機派ですか？ (Are you the type to hang laundry outside or use a dryer?)"

"干し柿や干し芋などの干した食べ物は好きですか？ (Do you like dried foods like dried persimmons or dried sweet potatoes?)"

"雨の日は、どこに洗濯物を干していますか？ (Where do you hang your laundry on rainy days?)"

"最近、何か「干されている」ような有名人のニュースを見ましたか？ (Have you seen any news about celebrities being 'sidelined' recently?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、何を干しましたか？その時の天気はどうでしたか？ (What did you hang to dry today? How was the weather then?)

あなたの国では、洗濯物を外に干す習慣がありますか？ (In your country, is there a habit of hanging laundry outside?)

「干される」という言葉の比喩的な意味について、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about the metaphorical meaning of the word 'hosareru'?)

好きな「干し物」（食べ物）について詳しく書いてください。 (Write in detail about your favorite 'dried food'.)

もし一週間ずっと雨で洗濯物が干せなかったら、どうしますか？ (What would you do if it rained for a week and you couldn't hang your laundry?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you should use 'kawakasu'. 'Hosu' implies hanging or spreading something out to let air or sun dry it over time. A hair dryer is an active machine process.

'Hosu' is the verb (to dry). 'Heyaboshi' is a noun meaning 'indoor drying'. You would say 'Heyaboshi ni suru' or 'Heya ni hosu'.

No, it's widely used for food (dried fish, mushrooms) and bedding (futons). It can also be used figuratively for sidelining people.

The standard phrase is 'Sentakumono o hosu' (洗濯物を干す).

It means the celebrity is being blacklisted or intentionally given no work by their agency or the industry.

Yes, in the idiom 'sakazuki o hosu', it means to drain the cup or drink everything inside.

It is a standard verb. To be polite, use 'hoshimasu'. In very formal situations, 'kansou' (drying) might be used as a noun.

It means 'shade drying'. It's used for delicate items that might be damaged by direct sunlight.

Etymologically, it relates to clashing or pushing in. In 'hosu', it's about the sun 'pushing out' the moisture.

Strictly speaking, 'nurasu' (to make wet). If you mean 'to take in laundry', use 'torikomu'.

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