~겸 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Connects two purposes for one action.
- Use when doing something for dual reasons.
- Adds efficiency and naturalness to Korean sentences.
- Common in everyday conversation and explanations.
The Korean particle '~겸' (gyum) is a fascinating and incredibly useful grammatical tool that allows speakers to express the idea of doing something for two reasons or purposes simultaneously. It's often translated into English as 'and also,' 'as well as,' or 'serving dual purposes.' Think of it as a way to efficiently communicate that an action isn't just for one outcome, but for a second, equally important one.
This particle is attached to the stem of a verb or adjective, or sometimes to a noun, to indicate that the action or state described by that verb/adjective/noun is being pursued for two distinct yet related goals. It's particularly common in everyday conversation and writing when people are multitasking or explaining their motivations for undertaking a certain activity. For instance, you might go to the park not just to exercise, but also to enjoy the fresh air. In Korean, you could express this as '운동도 할 겸, 바람도 쐴 겸 공원에 갔어요.' (I went to the park to exercise and also to get some fresh air.)
Understanding '~겸' is key to grasping the nuances of Korean expression, allowing for more concise and natural-sounding sentences. It elegantly combines intentions, making communication more fluid and less repetitive. You'll encounter it frequently when people describe their plans, hobbies, or even business ventures, highlighting the multiple benefits or objectives they aim to achieve.
- Key Concept
- '~겸' connects two purposes or reasons for an action or state.
- Usage
- Typically attached to verb stems (e.g., 하다 → 하~겸) or nouns.
산책도 할 겸, 친구도 만날 겸 공원에 갔어요. (I went to the park to take a walk and also to meet a friend.)
업무도 볼 겸, 휴가도 즐길 겸 해외에 갔어요. (I went abroad to do some work and also to enjoy my vacation.)
'~겸' is typically attached to the verb stem, often in conjunction with other particles like '-도' (do) or '-고' (go) to emphasize the multiple purposes. The structure usually involves presenting two clauses or ideas that are linked by '~겸', indicating that both are motivations for the main action.
Let's break down the common structures:
- Structure 1: Verb Stem + ~겸, Verb Stem + ~겸 + Main Verb
- This is the most common pattern. You take the stem of two verbs, attach '~겸' to each, and then state the main action. For example, to say 'I went to the library to study and also to return books,' you would use '공부도 할 겸, 책도 반납할 겸 도서관에 갔어요.' (Gongbudo hal gyum, chaekdo bannaphal gyum doseogwane gasseoyo.) Here, '공부하다' (to study) becomes '공부할 겸' and '반납하다' (to return) becomes '반납할 겸'.
- Structure 2: Noun + ~겸
- Sometimes, '~겸' can be attached directly to a noun to indicate that the noun itself serves a dual purpose. For instance, '이것은 공부겸 취미겸 하는 일이에요.' (Igeoseun gongbugyum chwimigyum haneun irieyo.) - 'This is something I do for study and also as a hobby.' This usage is less common than the verb-based one but is still valid.
- Example Breakdown
- Consider the sentence: '건강도 챙길 겸, 기분 전환도 할 겸 등산을 갔어요.' (Geongangdo chaenggil gyum, gibun jeonhwan-do hal gyum deungsaneul gasseoyo.)
- '건강을 챙기다' (to take care of one's health) becomes '건강을 챙길 겸'.
- '기분 전환을 하다' (to refresh one's mood) becomes '기분 전환을 할 겸'.
- The main action is '등산을 갔어요' (went hiking).
- The sentence effectively means: 'I went hiking to take care of my health and also to refresh my mood.'
장도 볼 겸, 친구도 만날 겸 시내에 갔어요. (I went downtown to do some grocery shopping and also to meet a friend.)
운동할 겸, 산책할 겸 공원을 자주 가요. (I often go to the park to exercise and also to take a walk.)
You'll hear '~겸' used constantly in everyday Korean conversations, making it an essential particle for understanding natural speech. It's the go-to phrase when someone is explaining their multifaceted intentions.
Imagine a friend telling you about their weekend plans. They might say: '주말에 친구 만나서 밥도 먹을 겸, 영화도 볼 겸 해서 약속을 잡았어요.' (Jumale chingu mannaseo bapdo meogeul gyum, yeonghwado bol gyum haeseo yaksogeul jabaseoyo.) This translates to: 'I made plans with a friend for the weekend to eat and also to watch a movie.' Notice how it efficiently combines two activities.
In a more practical context, someone might explain why they are visiting a particular place: '시장에 가서 장도 볼 겸, 구경도 할 겸 다녀왔어요.' (Sijange gaseo jangdo bol gyum, gugyeongdo hal gyum danyeowasseoyo.) - 'I went to the market to do some grocery shopping and also to look around.' This demonstrates how '~겸' is used for errands that have an added element of exploration or enjoyment.
Even in professional settings, though perhaps slightly more formal, the concept applies. A colleague might say: '이번 출장은 업무도 볼 겸, 현지 문화도 체험할 겸 해서 의미가 있을 것 같아요.' (Ibeon chuljangeun eommu-do bol gyum, hyeonji munhwa-do cheheomhal gyum haeseo uimiga isseul geot gatayo.) - 'This business trip seems like it will be meaningful because I can do my work and also experience the local culture.' This shows its versatility across different scenarios.
When learning Korean, pay attention to how native speakers combine their actions and reasons. You'll quickly notice the recurring pattern of '~겸' used to express these dual purposes. It's a marker of fluency and a key to understanding the efficiency and elegance of the Korean language.
- Common Scenarios
- Planning social gatherings: meeting friends + eating/drinking
- Outdoor activities: exercising + enjoying nature
- Errands: shopping + sightseeing
- Travel: work + leisure
아이들을 데리고 공원에 갈 겸, 나도 운동할 겸 갔어요. (I went to the park to take the children and also to get some exercise myself.)
이 옷은 그냥 입기에도 좋고, 특별한 날에 입기에도 좋을 겸 샀어요. (I bought this outfit because it's good for casual wear and also good for special occasions.)
While '~겸' is a straightforward particle, learners can sometimes make a few common errors that hinder naturalness. Being aware of these pitfalls can significantly improve your usage.
- Mistake 1: Incorrect Verb Stem Conjugation
- The most frequent error is not correctly forming the verb stem before attaching '~겸'. For example, saying '하다겸' instead of '할 겸' or '먹다겸' instead of '먹을 겸'. Remember that '~겸' usually attaches to the future/potential stem (verb stem + -(으)ㄹ).
- Incorrect: 공부하다겸 책을 읽었어요.
- Correct: 공부할 겸 책을 읽었어요. (I read a book to study and also to read.)
- Mistake 2: Overuse or Misuse with Single Purpose
- Using '~겸' when there's only one clear purpose can sound unnatural or even confusing. '~겸' inherently implies duality. If you're just going to the store to buy milk, you wouldn't say '우유 살 겸 가게에 갔어요.' Instead, simply '우유를 사러 가게에 갔어요' (I went to the store to buy milk) is appropriate.
- Unnatural: 밥 먹을 겸 집에 왔어요. (If the only reason was to eat.)
- Natural: 밥을 먹으러 집에 왔어요. (I came home to eat.)
- Natural (dual purpose): 친구도 만날 겸, 밥도 먹을 겸 집에 왔어요. (I came home to meet a friend and also to eat.)
- Mistake 3: Confusing '~겸' with Other Connectors
- Learners might confuse '~겸' with other conjunctions like '-고' (and) or '-아서/어서' (because/so). While they can sometimes connect clauses, '~겸' specifically highlights the simultaneous pursuit of two distinct goals. Using '-고' might just list two actions, not necessarily imply they are both the primary reasons.
- Using '-고' (just listing): 공부도 하고 책도 읽었어요. (I studied and I read books.)
- Using '~겸' (dual purpose): 공부할 겸, 책도 읽었어요. (I studied and also read books - implying both were reasons for the activity.)
- Mistake 4: Incorrect Attachment to Nouns
- While possible, attaching '~겸' directly to nouns requires careful usage. Often, it's better to rephrase using verbs. For example, instead of '이것은 취미겸 운동이에요' (This is a hobby and also exercise), it might be clearer to say '이것은 취미로 할 겸, 운동도 될 겸 하는 거예요.' (This is something I do as a hobby and also as exercise.)
Incorrect: 그는 일겸 휴가를 즐겼다. (He enjoyed work and vacation.)
Correct: 그는 업무도 볼 겸, 휴가도 즐길 겸 해외로 갔다. (He went abroad to do his work and also to enjoy his vacation.)
While '~겸' is excellent for expressing dual purposes, other grammatical structures can sometimes convey similar meanings, though with slight nuances. Understanding these alternatives helps in choosing the most appropriate expression.
- Alternative 1: -(으)면서 (while, as)
- This particle is used to connect two actions that happen simultaneously. While it can sometimes overlap with '~겸', -(으)면서 focuses more on the simultaneity of actions rather than the dual purpose. '~겸' emphasizes that both actions are reasons or goals.
- With ~겸 (dual purpose): 친구도 만날 겸, 밥도 먹을 겸 약속했어요. (We made plans to meet a friend and also to eat.)
- With -(으)면서 (simultaneous actions): 친구를 만나면서 밥을 먹었어요. (I ate while meeting my friend.) - This implies the eating and meeting happened at the exact same time.
- Alternative 2: -고 (and)
- The simple connective '-고' can link two clauses, but it lacks the specific nuance of 'dual purpose' that '~겸' provides. It simply lists actions or states.
- With ~겸 (dual purpose): 운동할 겸, 산책할 겸 공원에 갔어요. (I went to the park to exercise and also to take a walk.)
- With -고 (listing actions): 운동도 하고 산책도 했어요. (I exercised and I took a walk.) - This just states that both actions occurred.
- Alternative 3: -기 위해(서) (in order to)
- This structure is used to express a single, primary purpose. While you can use it for multiple purposes by repeating it, it becomes more verbose than '~겸'.
- With ~겸 (concise dual purpose): 건강도 챙길 겸, 기분 전환도 할 겸 등산했어요. (I went hiking to take care of my health and also to refresh my mood.)
- With -기 위해(서) (more verbose): 건강을 챙기기 위해서, 그리고 기분 전환을 하기 위해서 등산했어요. (I went hiking in order to take care of my health, and in order to refresh my mood.)
- Alternative 4: Noun + ~와/과 함께 (together with)
- This is used to indicate that something is done along with another person or thing, not for dual purposes of the action itself.
- With ~겸 (dual purpose): 공부할 겸, 친구와 함께 시간을 보냈어요. (I spent time with my friend for the purpose of studying and also just to hang out.)
- With ~와/과 함께 (association): 친구와 함께 공부했어요. (I studied together with my friend.) - This emphasizes the companionship during the study, not necessarily that the friendship itself was a reason for the study.
~겸 is the most natural way to express two distinct reasons for one action.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
놀 겸, 먹을 겸 나왔어요.
I came out to play and also to eat.
운동할 겸, 산책할 겸 공원에 가요.
I go to the park to exercise and also to take a walk.
친구 만날 겸, 밥 먹을 겸 왔어요.
I came to meet a friend and also to eat.
책 볼 겸, 쉬러 왔어요.
I came here to read a book and also to rest.
구경할 겸, 쇼핑할 겸 나왔어요.
I came out to look around and also to shop.
음악 들을 겸, 공부할 겸 왔어요.
I came here to listen to music and also to study.
이야기 나눌 겸, 차 마실 겸 만났어요.
We met to chat and also to drink tea.
사진 찍을 겸, 경치 볼 겸 왔어요.
I came to take pictures and also to see the scenery.
장 볼 겸, 친구도 만날 겸 시내에 갔어요.
I went downtown to do grocery shopping and also to meet a friend.
'~겸' is attached to the verb stem + -(으)ㄹ.
건강 챙길 겸, 기분 전환할 겸 등산했어요.
I went hiking to take care of my health and also to refresh my mood.
This structure effectively links two health-related benefits.
업무도 볼 겸, 휴가도 즐길 겸 해외 출장을 갔어요.
I went on a business trip abroad to do work and also to enjoy my vacation.
Shows a common use case for business travel.
새로운 가게도 구경할 겸, 친구에게 선물도 살 겸 나왔어요.
I came out to look around new stores and also to buy a gift for my friend.
Highlights combining exploration with a specific task.
아이들 맡길 겸, 저도 잠깐 쉴 겸 잠시 들렀어요.
I stopped by briefly to drop off the children and also to get some rest myself.
Demonstrates convenience and dual benefit.
이 재료로 요리도 할 겸, 나중에 도시락도 쌀 겸 샀어요.
I bought these ingredients to cook with and also to pack for lunch later.
Focuses on practical preparation for multiple meals.
그림 그릴 겸, 창밖 풍경을 감상할 겸 창가에 앉았어요.
I sat by the window to paint and also to admire the view outside.
Connects a creative activity with appreciating surroundings.
시험 공부할 겸, 조용히 집중할 겸 도서관에 갔습니다.
I went to the library to study for the exam and also to concentrate quietly.
Emphasizes the dual purpose of studying and finding a conducive environment.
이번 프로젝트는 실무 경험도 쌓을 겸, 팀원들과의 협력도 다질 겸 참여하게 되었습니다.
I decided to participate in this project to gain practical experience and also to strengthen cooperation with team members.
Usage in a professional context, highlighting skill development and teamwork.
주말 농장에 가서 채소도 기를 겸, 도시 생활에서 벗어나 휴식도 취할 겸 합니다.
I plan to grow vegetables at the weekend farm and also to take a break from city life.
Shows a lifestyle choice combining hobby and relaxation.
봉사 활동을 가서 도움이 필요한 사람들을 도울 겸, 제 자신도 배우는 점이 있을 겸 지원했습니다.
I applied to volunteer to help people in need and also to learn something myself.
Highlights altruism and personal growth as dual motivations.
이번 여행은 단순히 관광만 할 겸, 현지 문화와 역사도 깊이 이해할 겸 계획했습니다.
This trip was planned not just for sightseeing, but also to deeply understand the local culture and history.
Emphasizes a more immersive travel experience.
새로운 언어를 배울 겸, 다양한 사람들과 교류할 겸 어학당에 등록했습니다.
I enrolled in a language institute to learn a new language and also to interact with diverse people.
Focuses on language acquisition and social connection.
퇴근 후에는 운동할 겸, 스트레스도 풀 겸 헬스장에 갑니다.
After work, I go to the gym to exercise and also to relieve stress.
Common post-work routine for well-being.
이 책은 지식도 얻을 겸, 마음의 양식도 쌓을 겸 읽고 있습니다.
I am reading this book to gain knowledge and also to enrich my mind.
Dual benefit of intellectual and spiritual nourishment.
아이들을 위한 교육 자료를 만들 겸, 저의 교육 방식도 개선할 겸 준비 중입니다.
I am preparing educational materials for children and also to improve my own teaching methods.
Dual purpose in an educational development context.
이번 전시회는 예술 작품을 감상할 겸, 현대 미술의 흐름을 파악할 겸 기획되었습니다.
This exhibition was planned to appreciate artworks and also to grasp the trends of contemporary art.
Sophisticated use in an artistic and academic context.
은퇴 후에는 그동안 미뤄왔던 여행을 즐길 겸, 새로운 취미 활동도 시작할 겸 제2의 인생을 설계하고 있습니다.
After retirement, I am designing my second life to enjoy the travels I've postponed and also to start new hobbies.
Expresses long-term life planning with dual aspirations.
이 연구는 이론적 기반을 확립할 겸, 실제 현장에서의 적용 가능성을 검증할 겸 수행되었습니다.
This research was conducted to establish a theoretical basis and also to verify its applicability in the field.
Formal usage in a research context, emphasizing theoretical and practical goals.
지역 사회 발전에 기여할 겸, 젊은 세대에게 긍정적인 영향을 줄 겸 청년 창업 지원 프로그램을 기획 중입니다.
We are planning a youth entrepreneurship support program to contribute to community development and also to positively influence the younger generation.
Focuses on social impact and generational influence.
이 기술은 생산성을 향상시킬 겸, 동시에 환경 오염을 줄일 겸 개발되었습니다.
This technology was developed to improve productivity and also to simultaneously reduce environmental pollution.
Highlights innovation driven by economic and environmental concerns.
이번 캠페인은 대중의 인식을 높일 겸, 실질적인 행동 변화를 유도할 겸 목표로 하고 있습니다.
This campaign aims to raise public awareness and also to induce practical behavioral change.
Strategic goal setting for awareness and action.
이 교육 과정은 전문 지식을 습득할 겸, 실무 역량을 강화할 겸 설계되었습니다.
This curriculum was designed to acquire specialized knowledge and also to strengthen practical skills.
Focuses on comprehensive skill and knowledge development.
저는 이 도서관을 단순히 책을 빌릴 겸, 조용히 사색할 수 있는 공간을 찾을 겸 자주 이용합니다.
I often use this library not just to borrow books, but also to find a quiet space for contemplation.
Dual purpose of practicality and personal reflection.
그의 작품은 미학적 만족감을 충족시킬 겸, 동시에 사회 비판적인 메시지를 전달할 겸 복합적인 의미를 내포하고 있습니다.
His works contain complex meanings, aiming to satisfy aesthetic pleasure and simultaneously convey a socio-critical message.
Analysis of artistic intent, combining aesthetic and critical dimensions.
이 정책은 경제 성장을 촉진할 겸, 더불어 사회적 형평성도 제고할 겸 다각적인 접근 방식을 취하고 있습니다.
This policy adopts a multifaceted approach to promote economic growth and, in addition, enhance social equity.
Explaining policy objectives with both economic and social benefits.
본 제안서는 기술 혁신을 선도할 겸, 지속 가능한 발전을 도모할 겸 새로운 가능성을 제시합니다.
This proposal presents new possibilities to lead technological innovation and also to foster sustainable development.
Focuses on forward-thinking innovation and long-term viability.
그의 연설은 청중의 감성을 자극할 겸, 또한 이성적인 판단을 유도할 겸 균형 잡힌 메시지를 전달했습니다.
His speech delivered a balanced message, aiming to stimulate the audience's emotions and also to guide rational judgment.
Analysis of rhetorical strategy, balancing emotional and logical appeals.
이 문화유산 보존 사업은 역사적 가치를 후세에 전달할 겸, 지역 경제 활성화에도 기여할 겸 추진되고 있습니다.
This cultural heritage preservation project is being pursued to pass on historical value to future generations and also to contribute to revitalizing the local economy.
Dual benefit of cultural preservation and economic development.
우리는 이 교육 프로그램을 통해 학생들의 창의성을 함양할 겸, 동시에 비판적 사고 능력을 배양할 겸 노력하고 있습니다.
Through this educational program, we are striving to cultivate students' creativity and also to foster their critical thinking skills.
Focuses on developing higher-order thinking skills.
이 보고서는 현황을 정확히 분석할 겸, 미래 예측에 대한 통찰력을 제공할 겸 작성되었습니다.
This report was compiled to accurately analyze the current situation and also to provide insights into future predictions.
Dual purpose of analysis and foresight in a reporting context.
그들은 이 기념관을 건립하여 희생자들을 추모할 겸, 평화의 중요성을 널리 알릴 겸 목적을 삼았습니다.
They established this memorial hall with the purpose of commemorating the victims and also of widely promoting the importance of peace.
Dual purpose of remembrance and advocacy.
그의 문학 작품은 인간 존재의 심오한 의미를 탐구할 겸, 동시에 시대의 모순을 예리하게 포착할 겸 심오한 울림을 선사합니다.
His literary works offer profound resonance by exploring the deep meaning of human existence and simultaneously capturing the contradictions of the era with acuity.
Deep analysis of literary intent, combining existential exploration and social critique.
본 기업은 주주 가치를 극대화할 겸, 사회적 책임을 다할 겸 혁신적인 경영 전략을 추진하고 있습니다.
This corporation is pursuing innovative management strategies to maximize shareholder value and simultaneously fulfill its social responsibilities.
Balancing corporate interests with ethical and societal obligations.
이 건축물은 실용성을 충족시킬 겸, 더 나아가 도시의 미관을 향상시킬 겸 설계되었습니다.
This architectural structure was designed to satisfy practicality and, furthermore, to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the city.
Emphasis on both functional utility and aesthetic contribution to urban landscape.
그의 예술은 관람객의 감각을 일깨울 겸, 또한 내면의 성찰을 유도할 겸 다층적인 경험을 제공합니다.
His art offers a multi-layered experience, aiming to awaken the viewer's senses and also to induce introspection.
Analysis of art's impact on sensory perception and inner reflection.
이 역사적 유적 복원 사업은 과거의 영광을 재현할 겸, 미래 세대에게 교육적 가치를 전달할 겸 중대한 의의를 지닙니다.
This historical site restoration project holds significant importance, aiming to recreate past glory and also to convey educational value to future generations.
Dual purpose of historical reconstruction and educational legacy.
우리는 이 연구를 통해 과학적 진보를 이룰 겸, 인류 복지 증진에도 기여할 겸 최선을 다하고 있습니다.
Through this research, we are doing our utmost to achieve scientific advancement and also to contribute to the enhancement of human welfare.
Ambitious goals of scientific discovery and humanitarian contribution.
그는 이 소설을 통해 개인의 고뇌를 심도 있게 탐구할 겸, 더불어 사회 구조의 모순을 폭로할 겸 집필했습니다.
He wrote this novel to deeply explore individual anguish and, moreover, to expose the contradictions of the social structure.
Dual focus on individual psychology and systemic critique.
이 국제 협력은 상호 이익을 증진할 겸, 더 나아가 세계 평화 구축에 기여할 겸 추진되고 있습니다.
This international cooperation is being pursued to promote mutual benefit and, furthermore, to contribute to the establishment of world peace.
High-level objective of international relations, balancing national interest with global peace.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To do both exercise and take a walk.
매일 아침 공원에 가서 운동도 할 겸, 산책도 할 겸 합니다.
— To eat and also meet a friend.
저녁에 친구네 집에서 밥도 먹을 겸, 친구도 만날 겸 약속했어요.
— To do grocery shopping and also to look around.
주말에 시장에 가서 장도 볼 겸, 구경도 할 겸 다녀왔어요.
— To do work and also enjoy a vacation.
이번 출장은 업무도 볼 겸, 휴가도 즐길 겸 해서 길게 잡았어요.
— To chat and also drink tea.
카페에서 만나서 이야기도 나눌 겸, 차도 마실 겸 시간을 보냈어요.
— To study and also read books.
도서관에 가서 공부도 할 겸, 평소 읽고 싶었던 책도 읽을 겸 했어요.
— To look around and also buy a gift.
시내에 가서 구경도 할 겸, 친구 생일 선물도 살 겸 나왔어요.
— To take photos and also appreciate the scenery.
여행지에서 사진도 찍을 겸, 멋진 경치도 감상할 겸 시간을 보냈어요.
— To take care of one's health and also to refresh one's mood.
주말에는 등산을 가서 건강도 챙길 겸, 기분 전환도 할 겸 해요.
— To look after the children and also to rest myself.
할머니 댁에 가서 아이들도 돌볼 겸, 나도 좀 쉴 겸 했어요.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— This is an adverbial phrase meaning 'for both reasons,' 'for this and that reason,' or 'opportunistically.' It's a more colloquial and often emphatic way to express the idea of dual purposes, similar to '~겸'. Example: '겸사겸사 친구도 만날 겸 해서 시내에 갔어요.' (I went downtown to meet a friend and also for other reasons/opportunistically.)
informal— This phrase means 'if possible,' 'since we're at it,' or 'while we're at it.' It suggests choosing an option that provides an additional benefit or is more desirable, subtly related to the idea of having multiple considerations for a choice. Example: '이왕이면 맛있는 걸로 먹자.' (If possible, let's eat something delicious.)
neutral— Literally 'eating a pheasant and eating its eggs.' This idiom means to achieve two goals with a single action, or to get a double benefit. It's conceptually similar to '~겸' but is a fixed idiom for a single action yielding two results. Example: '이번 출장은 업무도 보고 꿩 먹고 알 먹기였어요.' (This business trip was a double benefit, getting work done and enjoying a break.)
idiomatic— This idiom means 'killing two birds with one stone.' It's a direct equivalent to achieving two things with one action or effort, very much like the concept conveye
Summary
The particle '~겸' is a versatile tool in Korean that elegantly expresses performing an action for two simultaneous purposes, making communication more concise and natural.
- Connects two purposes for one action.
- Use when doing something for dual reasons.
- Adds efficiency and naturalness to Korean sentences.
- Common in everyday conversation and explanations.
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر general
몇몇
A2تعدادی; اندکی.
조금
A1من کمی کره ای بلدم. (한국어를 조금 알아요.)
적게
A1کم، به مقدار کم. برای توصیف کاری که به میزان محدودی انجام میشود استفاده میشود.
약간
A2کمی؛ اندکی. برای توصیف مقدار کم یا درجه ناچیز استفاده میشود.
많이
A1خیلی / زیاد. 'خیلی خوردم' (많이 먹었어요). 'خیلی دلم برات تنگ شده' (많이 보고 싶었어요).
잠시
A2برای یک لحظه؛ به طور خلاصه. 'لطفا یک لحظه صبر کنید.' (잠시만 기다려 주세요.) 'من کمی بعد برمی گردم.' (잠시 후에 돌아오겠습니다.)
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2کمی پیش، قبلا. من او را کمی پیش دیدم.
대해
A2به معنای 'درباره' یا 'در مورد'. برای معرفی موضوع یک گفتگو یا فکر استفاده میشود.
~에 대해서
A2درباره؛ در مورد.
