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A1 verb 8 دقیقه مطالعه

예비하다

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 예비하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 예비하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should think of '예비하다' as a word for 'extra' or 'spare.' While you will mostly use '준비하다' for daily tasks, you might encounter '예비' in simple contexts like school or shopping. Imagine you are in a classroom and the teacher says you need an 'extra pencil.' That extra pencil is a '예비 연필.' At this stage, don't worry about complex grammar. Just remember that '예비' (ye-bi) means something is ready for later, just in case. You might see it on signs or in simple lists. It is a 'backup' word. For example, '예비 배터리' (spare battery) is a very useful phrase for a beginner to know when traveling or using a phone. Focus on the noun form '예비' first, as it is often used as a prefix to other nouns you already know.

At the A2 level, you can start using the verb form '예비하다' in simple sentences. You might use it to talk about preparing for a small trip or a basic event where you need to have backups. For example, '저는 비상금을 예비해요' (I prepare emergency money). You are beginning to understand that '예비하다' is different from '준비하다' because it's about being extra careful. You will also see this word in school contexts, like '예비 소집' (preliminary meeting). If you are moving to a new level in your studies, you might be called an '예비' student of that level. This level is about recognizing that '예비하다' involves looking a little bit into the future and making sure you have what you need if things don't go exactly as planned.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to distinguish between '예비하다,' '준비하다,' and '대비하다.' You use '예비하다' when you are talking about resources, reserves, and preliminary stages. In a business context, you might talk about '예비비' (reserve funds) or '예비 부품' (spare parts). You understand that '예비하다' is a more formal and precise word. You might use it in a presentation to say, '우리는 만약의 사태를 예비하고 있습니다' (We are preparing for contingencies). You also recognize the cultural context of the military reserve (예비군) and how it affects society. Your sentences are becoming more complex, using connectors like '-기 위해 예비하다' to explain the purpose of your preparation.

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At the B2 level, you use '예비하다' with confidence in professional and academic settings. You understand its nuance in political contexts (예비 선거 - primaries) and technical fields. You can explain the difference between '예비하다' (preparing a reserve) and '대비하다' (preparing against a threat) in detail. You are comfortable with the Hanja roots (豫 - before, 備 - ready) and can see how they appear in other words. You might use '예비하다' in a written report to describe strategic planning. For example, '회사는 시장 변동에 예비하여 다양한 전략을 수립했다' (The company established various strategies in preparation for market fluctuations). You also understand idiomatic uses and how '예비' can be used as a noun to describe a person's status, such as '예비 부부' (a couple about to be married).

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At the C1 level, you appreciate the stylistic weight of '예비하다.' You use it in formal writing and high-level discussions to convey a sense of thoroughness and strategic foresight. You can use it metaphorically in literature or philosophy to describe preparing the soul or the mind for future challenges, though you know that more specific terms exist. You are aware of the legal and administrative implications of the word, such as '예비 타당성 조사' (preliminary feasibility study) in government projects. You can navigate complex discussions about national security or economic policy where '예비' is a key term. Your mastery allows you to use the word to add a layer of formality and precision to your speech that '준비하다' cannot provide.

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At the C2 level, '예비하다' is a tool for precise expression in the most demanding contexts. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its role in formal Korean discourse. You can use it in academic papers, legal arguments, or high-level diplomatic communication. You are sensitive to the subtle difference in tone between '예비하다' and its synonyms in classical literature versus modern administrative Korean. You can effortlessly switch between the verb and its many compound noun forms, using them to create nuanced meanings. For you, '예비하다' is not just about preparation; it is about the sophisticated management of possibility and the structured approach to the unknown that is characteristic of advanced organizational and individual planning.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

예비하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

예비하다 means to prepare a reserve or a backup in advance for future use.
It is commonly used for spare parts, preliminary exams, and military reserves.
Unlike '준비하다', it emphasizes 'just in case' scenarios and preliminary stages.
It is a formal and strategic word often found in business, military, and academic contexts.

The Korean verb 예비하다 (yebihada) is a cornerstone of proactive planning and resource management in the Korean language. Derived from the Hanja characters 豫 (ye - beforehand) and 備 (bi - prepare/ready), its literal essence is 'to prepare in advance' or 'to make arrangements for a future possibility.' While English speakers might simply use 'prepare,' 예비하다 carries a specific nuance of creating a reserve, a backup, or a preliminary stage that precedes a main event. It is the act of ensuring that if the primary plan fails or if an unexpected need arises, a solution is already standing by. This word is ubiquitous in professional, military, and academic contexts, where 'being ready' is not just a suggestion but a requirement for success.

Core Concept: The fundamental idea is 'provisioning.' It is about setting aside resources—be they physical goods, time, or energy—so they are available precisely when needed. Unlike its synonym '준비하다' (junbihada), which is a general term for getting ready, 예비하다 often implies a sense of 'standing by' or 'reserve.'

갑작스러운 정전에 대비해 비상용 전등을 예비하다.

To prepare emergency lights in case of a sudden power outage.

In daily life, you will encounter this word in various compound forms. For instance, '예비군' (yebigun) refers to the reserve forces in the military—soldiers who have completed their active duty but remain prepared for mobilization. Similarly, '예비 부품' (yebi bupum) refers to spare parts kept on hand for repairs. When a student takes a '예비 시험' (yebi siheom), they are taking a preliminary or mock exam to gauge their readiness for the actual test. In each case, the prefix '예비' signals that the subject is not the final destination but a preparatory or backup measure designed to ensure the ultimate goal is met without interruption.

Usage Contexts: 1. **Resource Management**: Keeping extra stock. 2. **Emergency Planning**: Setting up safety measures. 3. **Academic/Career**: Preliminary rounds or mock stages. 4. **Military**: Reserve duties and readiness.

우리는 만약의 사태를 위해 여분의 자금을 예비해야 합니다.

We must prepare extra funds for any contingency.

Understanding 예비하다 requires recognizing the Korean cultural emphasis on '유비무환' (yubimuhwan)—the proverb meaning 'if you are prepared, you will have no worries.' Koreans value the foresight required to 예비하다 because it demonstrates maturity, responsibility, and a strategic mindset. Whether you are a student preparing spare pens for an exam or a CEO preparing a reserve budget for market volatility, you are engaging in the essential act of 예비하다.

Grammatically, 예비하다 functions as a transitive verb, meaning it typically takes an object marked by the particles 을 or 를. However, it is also frequently used in its noun form, 예비, combined with other nouns to create compound terms. When using it as a verb, the focus is on the action of setting something aside or arranging it for future use. It follows standard Korean conjugation patterns for '하다' verbs, becoming '예비해요' in polite informal speech, '예비합니다' in formal speech, and '예비했다' in the past tense.

Standard Pattern: [Subject] + [Object] + 을/를 + 예비하다. (e.g., 나는 비상금을 예비했다 - I prepared emergency money.)

여행을 가기 전에 여분의 배터리를 예비하세요.

Please prepare spare batteries before going on the trip.

One of the most common ways to see 예비하다 in action is through the construction '-기 위해 예비하다' (to prepare in order to...). This highlights the purpose behind the preparation. For example, '성공을 위해 예비하다' (to prepare for success). Another common structure is '-에 대비하여 예비하다' (to prepare in preparation for...), which specifically addresses a potential problem or event. This double emphasis on preparation underscores the strategic nature of the word.

그는 겨울을 나기 위해 땔감을 예비해 두었다.

He prepared firewood in advance to get through the winter.

In formal documents or news reports, you might see '예비하다' used to describe governmental or organizational actions. '정부는 가뭄을 예비하여 저수지를 정비했다' (The government maintained the reservoirs to prepare for the drought). Here, the verb takes on a heavy, responsible tone. Conversely, in everyday speech, while '준비하다' is more common for simple tasks like 'preparing dinner,' '예비하다' is chosen when the speaker wants to emphasize that they are being particularly thorough or are thinking about 'just in case' scenarios.

You will encounter 예비하다 in several distinct 'real-world' environments in Korea. First and foremost is the **Military**. Every South Korean male who completes active duty becomes a '예비군' (Reserve Force). Throughout the year, you will hear people talk about '예비군 훈련' (Reserve Force training). In this context, 예비하다 is not just a verb but a social reality, representing the nation's readiness for defense. When someone says they are '예비하고 있다' in a military sense, they are referring to their status as a ready-to-be-mobilized force.

Academic Setting: In the high-pressure world of Korean education, '예비' is a word students hear constantly. '예비 소집' (preliminary meeting/orientation) is held before big exams like the CSAT (Suneung). Students are often called '예비 고1' (pre-high school freshmen) during the winter before they start school. It marks a transitional phase of preparation.

내일은 수능 시험 예비 소집일입니다.

Tomorrow is the preliminary orientation day for the CSAT exam.

Second is the **Business and Technical** world. If you work in a Korean factory or office, you'll hear about '예비 부품' (spare parts) or '예비 전력' (reserve power). Engineers '예비하다' systems to ensure that if one part fails, another takes over immediately. This usage is clinical and precise. In finance, '예비비' (reserve funds/contingency budget) is a standard line item in any serious budget proposal. If a project manager says, '우리는 예비비를 충분히 예비했습니다,' they are reassuring stakeholders that the project can handle unexpected costs.

Third is the **Political** arena. Before main elections, parties hold '예비 선거' (preliminary elections or primaries). Candidates who are '예비 후보' (preliminary candidates) are those who have registered but have not yet been officially confirmed for the final ballot. Hearing this word on the nightly news is a sign that the election season is heating up. It signifies the 'sifting' process where preparation meets competition.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 예비하다 is using it interchangeably with 준비하다 (junbihada) in every situation. While they both translate to 'prepare,' they are not always swappable. 준비하다 is the general, everyday word. You '준비' dinner, you '준비' for a date, you '준비' your homework. If you say '저녁을 예비했어요' (I prepared dinner in reserve), it sounds very strange, as if you made an extra dinner just in case the first one disappeared. Use 예비하다 specifically for things that are 'extra,' 'backup,' or 'preliminary.'

Mistake 1: Casual Daily Tasks: Incorrect: 학교 갈 예비를 했어요. (I prepared to go to school.)
Correct: 학교 갈 준비를 했어요. (준비 is for standard readiness.)

시험을 준비하다 (To study for an exam) vs 예비 시험을 보다 (To take a mock exam).

Note the difference: one is the action of studying, the other is a specific preparatory event.

Another mistake involves confusing 예비하다 with 대비하다 (daebihada). While closely related, 대비하다 focuses heavily on 'coping' or 'countering' a specific threat or negative event. You '대비' for a hurricane or an economic crisis. While you might '예비' (prepare/reserve) supplies to '대비' (cope) with the hurricane, the two verbs have different targets. 예비하다 focuses on the *resources* being prepared, while 대비하다 focuses on the *event* being prepared for.

Finally, be careful with the register. 예비하다 is slightly more formal and 'stiff' than 준비하다. Using it in a very casual conversation with close friends might make you sound like a textbook or a military officer. In casual settings, even when referring to spare parts, people might just say '여분' (extra/spare) instead of the full verb '예비하다.'

To truly master 예비하다, you must see how it fits into the family of Korean 'preparation' words. Each has a specific flavor and use case. Choosing the right one makes your Korean sound natural and sophisticated.

준비하다 (Junbihada): **The All-Rounder.** Used for almost everything. Preparing a meal, a speech, or for a trip. It is the most common and versatile word.
대비하다 (Daebihada): **The Shield.** Used for preparing against something bad. Preparing for a storm, an attack, or an exam failure. It implies protection and mitigation.
마련하다 (Maryeonhada): **The Provider.** Used for 'arranging' or 'getting hold of' something. Preparing funds, a place to stay, or a plan. It often implies a process of gathering or creating something that wasn't there before.

돈을 마련하다 (To raise/arrange money) vs 돈을 예비하다 (To keep money in reserve).

마련 implies the effort of getting the money; 예비 implies the act of setting it aside for the future.

Then there are more specific terms like 채비하다 (chaebihada), which is often used for 'getting ready to leave' or 'equipping oneself' for a journey. It has a slightly literary or old-fashioned feel. 정비하다 (jeongbihada) is used for 'maintaining' or 'overhauling' equipment so it is ready for use. By understanding these distinctions, you can use 예비하다 precisely when you mean 'to reserve' or 'to prepare a backup,' and switch to 준비하다 or 대비하다 when the context shifts.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 豫 (ye) is the same one used in '예보' (ye-bo, forecast) and '예상' (ye-sang, expectation). It always implies looking ahead!

راهنمای تلفظ

UK je.bi.ɦa.da

US je.bi.ɦa.da

In Korean, stress is generally even across syllables, but a slight emphasis can be placed on the first syllable '예'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts because '예비' is a common prefix for many nouns.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires understanding the difference between 예비, 준비, and 대비.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Natural usage requires knowing when it sounds too formal.

گوش دادن 2/5

Clearly pronounced and often appears in specific contexts like news or school.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

준비하다 하다 미리 위해 만약

بعداً یاد بگیرید

대비하다 확보하다 비축하다 마련하다 타당성

پیشرفته

유비무환 개연성 우발적 기득권 제반

گرامر لازم

-기 위해 (In order to)

성공을 예비하기 위해 노력합니다.

-어/아 두다 (To do something in advance)

여분의 물을 예비해 두었어요.

-에 대비하여 (In preparation for)

사고에 대비하여 예비품을 챙겼다.

-는 중이다 (In the middle of)

우리는 예비 조사를 하는 중입니다.

N + 용 (For the purpose of)

이것은 예비용 타이어입니다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

예비 연필이 있어요.

I have a spare pencil.

예비 is used here as a noun modifying '연필'.

예비 배터리를 가져오세요.

Please bring a spare battery.

Imperative form '-세요' used with the verb '가져오다'.

이것은 예비용입니다.

This is for spare use.

'-용' is a suffix meaning 'for use as'.

예비 타이어가 어디에 있어요?

Where is the spare tire?

Standard question form.

우리는 예비 음식이 필요해요.

We need spare food.

Adjective '필요하다' with the subject particle '이/가'.

예비 키를 만들었어요.

I made a spare key.

Past tense of '만들다'.

가방에 예비 옷이 있어요.

There are spare clothes in the bag.

Location particle '에' and existence verb '있다'.

예비 마스크를 쓰세요.

Please use a spare mask.

Object particle '를' and honorific command.

여행을 위해 비상금을 예비했어요.

I prepared emergency money for the trip.

'-위해' indicates purpose.

손님을 위해 방을 예비해 두었습니다.

I have prepared a room in advance for the guest.

'-어 두다' indicates doing something in advance for later use.

그는 만약을 위해 우산을 예비했다.

He prepared an umbrella just in case.

'만약을 위해' is a common phrase meaning 'just in case'.

예비 시험 점수가 잘 나왔어요.

The mock exam scores came out well.

'-가 잘 나오다' is an idiom for getting good results.

우리는 여분의 물을 예비해야 해요.

We must prepare extra water.

'-해야 하다' indicates necessity.

엄마가 예비 단추를 달아 주셨어요.

Mom sewed on a spare button for me.

'-아/어 주다' indicates doing an action for someone else.

이것은 예비 계획입니다.

This is a backup plan.

Simple identification sentence.

예비 부품이 창고에 있어요.

The spare parts are in the warehouse.

Location '에' with existence '있다'.

회사는 위기에 대비해 예비비를 예비했다.

The company prepared reserve funds in preparation for a crisis.

Uses both '대비해' (against crisis) and '예비했다' (prepared reserve).

겨울철 정전을 예비하여 발전기를 점검했다.

I checked the generator to prepare for winter power outages.

'-하여' is a formal version of '-해서'.

그는 예비군 훈련에 참석하기 위해 휴가를 냈다.

He took a leave of absence to attend reserve force training.

'예비군' is a specific cultural term for the reserves.

정부는 가뭄을 예비하여 저수지 물을 모으고 있다.

The government is collecting reservoir water to prepare for a drought.

Present progressive '-고 있다'.

우리는 다음 단계를 예비하기 위해 회의를 열었다.

We held a meeting to prepare for the next stage.

'-기 위해' indicates the goal of the meeting.

그 배우는 만약의 사고를 예비해 대역을 세웠다.

The actor had a stunt double ready in case of an accident.

'대역' means a double or stand-in.

예비 조사를 통해 시장의 반응을 살폈다.

We checked the market's reaction through a preliminary investigation.

'-을 통해' means 'through' or 'by means of'.

비행기 이륙 전 예비 점검을 철저히 합니다.

A thorough preliminary check is done before the plane takes off.

Formal declarative ending '-합니다'.

이번 선거의 예비 후보 등록이 마감되었습니다.

Registration for preliminary candidates for this election has closed.

Passive-like expression '마감되다' (to be closed).

전문가들은 경제 침체를 예비하여 금리 인상을 제안했다.

Experts suggested a rate hike to prepare for an economic recession.

Formal verb '제안하다' (to suggest).

그 프로젝트는 예비 타당성 조사에서 탈락했다.

The project failed the preliminary feasibility study.

'타당성 조사' is a technical term for a feasibility study.

우리는 시스템 오류에 예비하여 백업 서버를 구축했다.

We built a backup server to prepare for system errors.

'구축하다' means to build or establish a system.

예비 부부들을 위한 웨딩 박람회가 열리고 있다.

A wedding fair for soon-to-be-married couples is being held.

'예비 부부' is a common term for engaged couples.

기술팀은 예비 전력을 확보하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다.

The technical team is working to secure reserve power.

'확보하다' means to secure or obtain.

그는 예비 지식을 쌓기 위해 관련 서적을 탐독했다.

He read related books extensively to build preliminary knowledge.

'탐독하다' means to read deeply or extensively.

예비 단계에서의 실수는 나중에 큰 비용을 초래할 수 있다.

Mistakes in the preliminary stage can lead to high costs later.

'초래하다' means to cause or bring about (usually something bad).

그의 논문은 예비적 고찰을 통해 주제의 깊이를 더했다.

His thesis added depth to the topic through preliminary considerations.

'고찰' means consideration or study.

정치적 격변을 예비하여 야당은 통합을 시도했다.

Preparing for political upheaval, the opposition party attempted a merger.

'격변' means a sudden, violent change.

작가는 소설의 결말을 위해 복선을 예비해 두었다.

The author prepared foreshadowing in advance for the novel's ending.

'복선' is a literary term for foreshadowing.

예비비의 오용은 조직의 투명성을 해칠 우려가 있다.

Misuse of reserve funds carries the risk of damaging organizational transparency.

'-을 우려가 있다' means 'there is a concern that...'.

철학자는 죽음을 예비하는 삶의 자세에 대해 논했다.

The philosopher discussed the attitude of living in preparation for death.

Abstract usage of '예비하다'.

신기술의 도입에 앞서 예비 시험 운용이 필수적이다.

Preliminary test operation is essential prior to the introduction of new technology.

'필수적이다' means to be essential/indispensable.

그들은 재난에 예비하여 고도의 안전 시스템을 설계했다.

They designed a high-level safety system in preparation for disasters.

'고도' means high-level or advanced.

예비 타당성 조사의 공정성이 도마 위에 올랐다.

The fairness of the preliminary feasibility study became a subject of debate.

'도마 위에 오르다' is an idiom meaning to be under scrutiny or discussion.

국가적 차원의 예비 전력 확충은 안보의 핵심이다.

Expanding reserve power at the national level is the core of security.

'확충' means expansion or augmentation.

그 법안은 예비 심사 과정에서 격렬한 논쟁을 불러일으켰다.

The bill sparked intense debate during the preliminary review process.

'불러일으키다' means to cause or trigger a reaction.

미래의 불확실성을 예비하는 것은 지도자의 숙명이다.

Preparing for future uncertainty is the destiny of a leader.

'숙명' means destiny or fate.

예비적 조치로서의 자산 동결은 신속하게 이루어졌다.

The asset freeze as a preliminary measure was carried out swiftly.

'조치' means a measure or action taken.

역사학자는 전쟁의 전조를 예비하지 못한 왕실을 비판했다.

The historian criticized the royal family for failing to prepare for the omens of war.

'전조' means an omen or precursor.

예비 후보자들 사이의 네거티브 공방이 과열되고 있다.

Negative campaigning among preliminary candidates is overheating.

'과열되다' means to overheat or become too intense.

심미적 가치를 예비하기 위한 건축가의 고뇌가 엿보인다.

The architect's struggle to prepare for aesthetic value is visible.

'고뇌' means anguish or deep mental struggle.

우발적 상황을 예비한 정교한 시나리오가 마련되었다.

An elaborate scenario prepared for accidental situations was arranged.

'우발적' means accidental or incidental.

ترکیب‌های رایج

예비 부품

예비 전력

예비 선거

예비 조사

예비 타당성

예비 후보

예비 시험

예비비 편성

예비군 훈련

예비 단계

عبارات رایج

만약을 예비하다

— To prepare for 'just in case' or any contingency.

그는 항상 만약을 예비하는 성격이다.

여분을 예비하다

— To prepare or keep an extra amount of something.

물자가 부족할까 봐 여분을 예비했다.

미리 예비하다

— To prepare in advance (adding emphasis to the 'beforehand' aspect).

성공하고 싶다면 미리 예비해야 한다.

충분히 예비하다

— To prepare or reserve an ample amount.

겨울을 나기 위해 식량을 충분히 예비했다.

자금을 예비하다

— To set aside or reserve funds.

회사는 신규 사업을 위해 자금을 예비했다.

인력을 예비하다

— To have personnel on standby or in reserve.

바쁜 시즌을 위해 추가 인력을 예비했다.

대책을 예비하다

— To prepare a countermeasure or plan.

사고에 대한 대책을 예비하는 것이 중요하다.

공간을 예비하다

— To reserve or prepare a physical space.

새 가구를 들여놓기 위해 공간을 예비했다.

시간을 예비하다

— To set aside time for a specific purpose.

공부를 위해 매일 두 시간을 예비한다.

마음을 예비하다

— To prepare one's heart/mind (often used in religious or formal contexts).

새로운 시작을 위해 마음을 예비했다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

예비하다 vs 준비하다

준비하다 is general preparation. 예비하다 is for backups/reserves.

예비하다 vs 대비하다

대비하다 is preparing *against* a specific threat. 예비하다 is preparing *resources*.

예비하다 vs 비축하다

비축하다 means amassing a large quantity. 예비하다 can be just one spare item.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"유비무환 (有備無患)"

— If you are prepared, you will have no worries. This is the core idiom related to 예비하다.

유비무환이라고 하니 미리 예비합시다.

Formal/Proverb

"예비 종이 울리다"

— Literally 'the preliminary bell rings,' meaning a warning or a sign that the main event is coming.

경제 위기의 예비 종이 울리고 있다.

Metaphorical

"예비군이 되다"

— To join the reserves, but also used to mean someone who is no longer in the spotlight but still available.

이제 나도 현역이 아니라 예비군이지.

Colloquial

"만반의 준비(예비)를 갖추다"

— To be fully prepared in every possible way.

우리는 만반의 예비를 갖추고 기다렸다.

Formal

"뒷날을 예비하다"

— To prepare for the future or for later days.

젊을 때 뒷날을 예비해야 노후가 편안하다.

Common

"흉년을 예비하다"

— To prepare for a lean year or a period of scarcity.

풍년일 때 흉년을 예비하는 지혜가 필요하다.

Literary

"전쟁을 예비하다"

— To prepare for war (often used metaphorically for a big struggle).

시험은 마치 전쟁을 예비하는 것과 같다.

Common

"예비 지식을 쌓다"

— To build up background or preliminary knowledge.

강의를 듣기 전에 예비 지식을 쌓았다.

Educational

"예비 신랑 / 예비 신부"

— Groom-to-be / Bride-to-be.

예비 신랑이 아주 늠름하네요.

Social

"예비 타이어를 갈다"

— To change a spare tire (common practical phrase).

고속도로에서 예비 타이어를 갈았다.

Daily

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

예비하다 vs 준비하다

Both mean 'to prepare' in English.

준비하다 is for the primary task (e.g., preparing a meal). 예비하다 is for the secondary/backup task (e.g., preparing an extra meal).

파티를 준비하다 (Prepare the party) vs 비상 식량을 예비하다 (Reserve emergency food).

예비하다 vs 대비하다

Both involve looking at the future.

대비하다 focuses on the 'opponent' or 'problem' (preparing for a storm). 예비하다 focuses on the 'tool' or 'resource' (preparing a generator).

태풍에 대비하다 (Prepare for a typhoon) vs 예비 전력을 확보하다 (Secure reserve power).

예비하다 vs 마련하다

Both involve getting something ready.

마련하다 emphasizes the process of obtaining or creating something. 예비하다 emphasizes the purpose of keeping it for later.

기금을 마련하다 (Raise funds) vs 예비비를 예비하다 (Set aside reserve funds).

예비하다 vs 정비하다

Both relate to readiness.

정비하다 is about maintenance and fixing (making sure it works). 예비하다 is about having it ready in advance.

엔진을 정비하다 (Maintain the engine) vs 예비 부품을 예비하다 (Keep a spare part).

예비하다 vs 비축하다

Both mean saving for later.

비축하다 usually implies a large scale (national grain reserves). 예비하다 can be small scale (a spare key).

쌀을 비축하다 (Stockpile rice) vs 예비 키를 예비하다 (Keep a spare key).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

예비 [Noun]이/가 있어요.

예비 볼펜이 있어요.

[Reason]을 위해 [Object]를 예비해요.

여행을 위해 돈을 예비해요.

[Event]에 대비하여 [Object]를 예비하다.

정전에 대비하여 전등을 예비하다.

예비 [Noun] 조사를 실시하다.

예비 타당성 조사를 실시하다.

[Abstract Concept]을 예비하는 [Noun].

미래를 예비하는 삶의 태도.

예비적 조치로서 [Action].

예비적 조치로서 거래를 중단했다.

Any

예비해 두다.

미리 예비해 두세요.

Any

예비용이다.

이건 예비용이야.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

예비 (Preparation/Reserve)

예비군 (Reserve Forces)

예비비 (Reserve Funds)

예비품 (Spare parts)

فعل‌ها

예비하다 (To prepare/reserve)

صفت‌ها

예비적 (Preliminary/Preparatory)

مرتبط

준비 (Preparation)

대비 (Countermeasure)

구비 (Equipping)

완비 (Complete preparation)

방비 (Defense preparation)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in specific domains (Military, Business, Education) but less common in casual daily chatter compared to '준비하다'.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 예비하다 for making dinner. → 준비하다 or 마련하다.
예비하다 implies a reserve or preliminary stage. Cooking dinner is a primary, standard activity.
Confusing 예비하다 with 대비하다 for storms. → 대비하다.
You prepare *against* a storm (대비). You might *reserve* supplies (예비) to help you 대비 the storm.
Saying '공부를 예비해요' for studying. → 공부를 준비해요.
Studying is an active process of getting ready, not creating a reserve. '예비 지식' (preliminary knowledge) is okay, though.
Using '예비' for mental readiness casually. → 마음의 준비.
'마음의 예비' sounds very formal or religious. For daily life, use '준비'.
Mixing up '예비' and '비축'. → Depends on scale.
If it's one spare battery, it's '예비.' If it's a warehouse full of oil, it's '비축.'

نکات

Use it for backups

Whenever you think of a 'Plan B' or a 'spare,' use '예비.' It perfectly captures that 'just in case' feeling.

Combine with -어 두다

To sound more natural, say '예비해 두다.' This emphasizes that you did the preparation and the result is still there, ready to be used.

Understand the Military Link

If you hear a Korean man talking about 'training' but he's not in the active military, he's likely talking about '예비군' training.

Mock Exams

Don't just call it a 'practice test.' In Korea, it's often an '예비 시험' or '모의고사.' Using '예비' shows you understand the structure of Korean education.

Budgeting

In a professional setting, always include an '예비비' (contingency fund). It shows you are a thorough and strategic planner.

Hanja Power

Remembering 豫 (ye - before) and 備 (bi - ready) will help you understand dozens of other Korean words related to planning.

Engaged Couples

If your friends are getting married, call them '예비 부부.' It's a very polite and warm way to refer to them during their engagement.

News Keywords

When you hear '예비' on the news, pay attention! It usually means something important is about to happen (e.g., an election or a big project).

Compound Nouns

Notice how '예비' often acts like an adjective in front of other nouns. You can create many new words this way: 예비 엄마, 예비 교사, 예비 학생.

Plan Ahead

Use '미리 예비하다' to sound extra prepared. The '미리' (in advance) reinforces the 'ye' in '예비'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'YE-BI' as 'YEa, BE ready.' It's about saying 'Yes' to being ready before the actual event happens.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a spare tire in the back of a car. It's not being used now, but it is '예비'ed for later.

شبکه واژگان

Reserve Backup Preliminary Spare Standby Proactive Strategic Hanja: 豫備

چالش

Try to find three things in your house that are '예비용' (for spare use) and label them in Korean.

ریشه کلمه

From the Hanja 豫備. 豫 (ye) means 'beforehand' or 'in advance.' 備 (bi) means 'to prepare,' 'to be ready,' or 'equipment.'

معنای اصلی: To prepare something in advance for future use or to meet a future need.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-derived)

بافت فرهنگی

Be respectful when discussing '예비군' with Korean men, as it represents a significant and sometimes burdensome civic duty.

English speakers often use 'spare' or 'backup' where Koreans use '예비.' Understanding this helps in translating concepts like 'spare room' or 'backup plan.'

The '예비군' (Reserve Forces) are often depicted in Korean dramas and movies, usually showing the humorous or mundane side of training. The '예비 소집일' is a major news event every year before the national college entrance exam. In corporate Korea, '예비비' is a frequent topic in 'K-Office' dramas dealing with budget scandals.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Emergency Preparedness

비상금을 예비하다
식량을 예비하다
대책을 예비하다
안전을 예비하다

Mechanical/Technical

예비 부품을 사다
예비 전력을 가동하다
시스템을 예비하다
백업을 예비하다

Education/Exams

예비 시험을 보다
예비 소집에 가다
예비 지식을 공부하다
예비 합격자가 되다

Politics/Elections

예비 선거에 출마하다
예비 후보로 등록하다
예비 심사를 통과하다
예비 내각을 구성하다

Weddings/Relationships

예비 부부
예비 시어머니
예비 장인어른
예비 신부

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"만약을 위해 예비하고 있는 것이 있나요?"

"예비군 훈련은 언제 가세요?"

"여행 갈 때 예비 배터리를 챙기시나요?"

"예비 시험 결과가 어떻게 나왔어요?"

"우리 회사에 예비 부품이 충분한가요?"

موضوعات نگارش

미래를 위해 내가 지금 예비하고 있는 것들에 대해 써보세요.

살면서 예비하지 못해서 곤란했던 경험이 있나요?

경제적 위기를 예비하기 위해 어떤 노력이 필요할까요?

예비 부부라면 결혼 준비에서 가장 중요한 것이 무엇일까요?

'유비무환'이라는 말에 대해 어떻게 생각하는지 적어보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Generally, no. You '준비하다' or '마련하다' a meal. Using '예비하다' for dinner would sound like you are making a backup dinner in case the first one fails, which is very unusual.

Currently, in South Korea, only men who have finished active duty are required to be in the '예비군' (Reserve Forces). Women can volunteer for certain positions, but it is predominantly a male experience.

It is a preliminary meeting or orientation. For the national exam (CSAT), students go to their test site the day before to check their seat and hear instructions. This is the '예비 소집일'.

You can say '예비 타이어' (yebi ta-i-eo). It is a very common and correct use of the word.

Yes, it is more formal than '준비하다.' It is frequently used in news, business documents, and professional settings.

Yes! '예비 부부' (soon-to-be-married couple) or '예비 엄마' (mom-to-be) are very common and friendly terms.

It is a contingency fund or reserve fund set aside for unexpected expenses that weren't planned in the main budget.

Not always. It can also mean 'preliminary' (like a first step before the main step), such as an '예비 조사' (preliminary investigation).

There isn't one perfect opposite, but '방치하다' (to neglect/leave alone) or '소홀히하다' (to be negligent) are often used when preparation is lacking.

It's rare. For 'preparing your mind,' use '마음을 준비하다' or '각오하다.' However, '마음을 예비하다' can appear in religious contexts (e.g., preparing one's heart for God).

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