돌다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- To turn, revolve, rotate.
- Used for physical movement and figurative changes.
- Common in directions, describing motion, and time.
- Distinguish '돌다' (intransitive) from '돌리다' (transitive).
- Meaning
- The Korean verb '돌다' (dolda) is a fundamental word that describes the action of turning, revolving, or rotating. It's used in a wide variety of contexts, from the literal movement of objects to more figurative expressions.
- Literal Usage
- In its most basic sense, '돌다' refers to physical rotation. Think of a wheel on a car turning, a person turning their head, or a merry-go-round spinning. It's the action of moving in a circular path or changing direction by turning.
- Figurative Usage
- Beyond physical movement, '돌다' can also be used figuratively. It can describe a change in mood or attitude, like someone's feelings suddenly changing. It can also refer to the passage of time, such as a year 'turning' or a season changing. In some contexts, it can even imply going crazy or becoming frantic, as in '미치도록 돌다' (michidorok dolda - to go crazy).
- Common Scenarios
- You'll hear '돌다' when discussing directions (e.g., turning left or right), describing mechanical movements (e.g., a fan spinning), talking about changes in weather or seasons, or even when observing someone's emotional state. It's a versatile verb essential for everyday conversation.
The Earth revolves around the sun. 지구가 태양 주위를 돌아요.
Please turn the page. 페이지를 돌려 주세요.
He turned his head to look. 그는 고개를 돌렸다.
The seasons are turning. 계절이 돌고 있어요.
My feelings are turning sour. 제 기분이 상하게 돌아가고 있어요.
- Basic Conjugation
- The verb stem is '돌-' (dol-). It conjugates regularly with common endings like -아요/어요, -ㅂ니다/습니다, and -고.
- Present Tense (Informal)
- '돌아요' (dorayo) is the most common informal present tense form. It's used in everyday conversations with friends and family.
- Present Tense (Formal)
- '돕니다' (dolmnida) is the formal present tense. Use this in more formal settings, when speaking to elders, or in news reports.
- Past Tense (Informal)
- '돌았어요' (dorasseoyo) is the informal past tense. It signifies that the turning or revolving action has already happened.
- Past Tense (Formal)
- '돌았습니다' (dolasseumnida) is the formal past tense. This is used in formal past tense contexts.
- Connecting Clauses
- The '-고' (-go) ending, like '돌고' (dolgo), is used to connect clauses, meaning 'turning and...' or 'after turning...'.
- Imperative (Request)
- '돌려 주세요' (dollyeo juseyo) is a common polite request to 'turn something'. Note that here, '돌리다' (dollida), the causative form, is often used when asking someone to turn something.
- Imperative (Command/Suggestion)
- '돌아!' (dora!) is an informal command to 'turn!'.
The fan is turning. 선풍기가 돌고 있어요.
I turned the knob. 손잡이를 돌렸어요.
Please turn the car around. 차를 돌려 주세요.
The world is changing. 세상이 돌고 돌아가네요.
He turned his back. 그는 등을 돌렸다.
- Everyday Conversations
- You'll hear '돌다' constantly in daily interactions. When giving directions, people will say things like '오른쪽으로 도세요' (oreunjjog-euro doseo - Turn right) or '길을 따라 쭉 가다가 첫 번째 골목에서 도세요' (gil-eul ttara jjuk gadaga cheot beonjjae golmog-eseo doseo - Go straight along the road and turn at the first alley).
- Describing Movement
- When talking about how things move, '돌다' is indispensable. For instance, '세탁기가 돌아가요' (setakgiga doragayo - The washing machine is running/spinning) or '바람이 불어서 나뭇잎이 돌고 있어요' (baram-i bureoseo namunip-i dolgo isseoyo - The wind is blowing and the leaves are turning/spinning).
- Talking About Time and Seasons
- The passage of time is often described with '돌다'. For example, '벌써 1년이 다 돌았네요' (beolsseo 1nyeon-i da doranneoyo - A whole year has already passed/turned) or '계절이 바뀌면서 날씨가 돌기 시작했어요' (gyejeol-i bakkwimyeonseo nalssiga dolgi sijakhaesseoyo - As the seasons change, the weather has started to turn).
- Expressing Emotions and States
- Figuratively, it's used to describe emotional shifts. '갑자기 기분이 돌았어요' (gapjagi gibun-i dorasseoyo - My mood suddenly turned) or in a more extreme sense, '화가 나서 머리가 돌 지경이었어요' (hwaga naseo meoriga dol jigyeong-ieosseoyo - I was so angry I felt like my head would explode/turn).
- Media and Entertainment
- In dramas, movies, and songs, you'll hear '돌다' used to describe plot twists, character development, or even moments of intense emotion. For example, a character might say '내 마음이 너에게로 돌았어' (nae ma-eum-i neoege-ro dorasseo - My heart has turned towards you).
- Technical and Mechanical Contexts
- In instructions or descriptions of devices, you might encounter it. '이 스위치를 돌려주세요' (i seuwichireul dollyeo juseyo - Please turn this switch) or '엔진이 돌기 시작했다' (enjin-i dolgi sijakhaetda - The engine started to turn/run).
The steering wheel is turning. 핸들이 돌아가고 있어요.
The Ferris wheel is turning. 대관람차가 돌고 있어요.
He turned away from me. 그는 나에게서 등을 돌렸다.
My opinion has turned. 제 생각이 돌아섰어요.
The fan blades are turning. 선풍기 날개가 돌아요.
- Confusing '돌다' and '돌리다'
- A very common mistake is using '돌다' (dolda) when '돌리다' (dollida) is needed, or vice versa. '돌다' is intransitive, meaning the subject performs the action of turning itself (e.g., the wheel turns). '돌리다' is transitive, meaning the subject causes something else to turn (e.g., I turn the wheel). So, '바퀴가 돌아요' (bakwiga dorayo - The wheel turns) is correct, but '내가 바퀴를 돌아요' (naega bakwireul dorayo) is incorrect. You should say '내가 바퀴를 돌려요' (naega bakwireul dollyeoyo - I turn the wheel).
- Overusing Figurative Meanings
- While '돌다' has figurative meanings like 'to go crazy' or 'to change one's mind', learners might overuse these in situations where a more literal meaning is intended. For example, saying someone's head '돌았어요' (dorasseoyo) when you just mean they turned their head to look can be confusing. Context is key to distinguishing between literal and figurative uses.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- Particles can significantly change the nuance. Forgetting particles or using the wrong ones can lead to misunderstanding. For instance, '세상이 돈다' (sesang-i donda - The world turns) is a general statement, but if you mean 'The world turns around me', you'd use '세상이 나를 중심으로 돈다' (sesang-i nareul jungsimeuro donda). Using particles like '주위로' (juwiro - around) or '쪽으로' (jjog-euro - towards) correctly is important.
- Misunderstanding '돌아갔다'
- The form '돌아갔다' (doragatta) can sometimes be confused. While it can mean 'turned back' or 'went back', it's not always interchangeable with '돌았다' (doratta). For instance, '시간이 돌아갔다' (sigani doragatta) might imply time going backward, which is different from the simple passage of time. In many cases, '돌아갔다' is used to describe returning to a previous state or place.
- Pronunciation Nuances
- While not strictly a grammatical error, learners might struggle with the pronunciation of the 'ㄹ' (l/r) sound in Korean, which can affect the clarity of '돌다' and its conjugations. Practicing the sound and listening to native speakers is crucial.
Incorrect: 내가 문을 돌아요. (I turn the door.)
Correct: 내가 문을 돌려요. (I turn the door.)
Incorrect: 그는 머리가 돌았어요. (He went crazy.)
Correct: 그는 고개를 돌렸어요. (He turned his head.)
Incorrect: 시간을 돌아요. (Time turns.)
Correct: 시간이 흘러가요. (Time flows.) - For simple passage of time, other verbs are better.
Incorrect: 나는 그에게 돌아요. (I turn to him.)
Correct: 나는 그에게 돌아섰어요. (I turned to him/faced him.)
Incorrect: 바퀴가 나를 돌아요. (The wheel turns me.)
Correct: 바퀴가 돌아가요. (The wheel is turning.)
- 회전하다 (hoejeonhada)
- Meaning: To rotate, revolve (more formal/technical).
Comparison: '회전하다' is a more technical or formal term for rotation, often used in physics, engineering, or describing machinery. '돌다' is more common in everyday language for general turning or revolving. - 돌리다 (dollida)
- Meaning: To turn (something), to make something revolve (causative).
Comparison: This is the causative form of '돌다'. '돌다' means the subject turns itself, while '돌리다' means the subject causes something else to turn. For example, '바퀴가 돈다' (The wheel turns) vs. '내가 바퀴를 돌린다' (I turn the wheel). - 방향을 바꾸다 (banghyang-eul bakkuda)
- Meaning: To change direction.
Comparison: This phrase specifically refers to altering one's course or direction, often used for vehicles or when navigating. '돌다' can imply changing direction, but it also encompasses rotation and revolution. '방향을 바꾸다' is more about a change in trajectory. - 바뀌다 (bakkwida)
- Meaning: To be changed, to change (intransitive).
Comparison: '바뀌다' means to be changed or to change in a general sense, often referring to states, conditions, or things. While a change in direction or mood could be described with '돌다', '바뀌다' is more about the overall transformation or alteration. - 굽다 (gupda)
- Meaning: To bend, to curve.
Comparison: '굽다' refers to bending or curving, not necessarily rotating or revolving. A road might curve ('길이 굽다' - gil-i gupda), but it doesn't rotate. This is distinct from the circular motion of '돌다'.
Example: The Earth revolves around the sun. 지구가 태양 주위를 회전합니다. (More formal) / 지구가 태양 주위를 돌아요. (Common)
Example: I turned the steering wheel. 내가 핸들을 돌렸어요. (Using '돌리다')
Example: The car changed direction. 차가 방향을 바꿨어요. (Specific to direction change)
Example: The weather changed. 날씨가 바뀌었어요. (General change)
Example: The road curves. 길이 굽어 있어요. (Bending/curving)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character '돌' (dol) in Korean means 'stone'. While not directly related in modern meaning, some linguistic theories suggest an ancient connection between the concept of 'turning' and 'stones' or 'rocks', perhaps related to rolling stones or the circular arrangement of stones in ancient structures. However, this is speculative and the primary association is with circular motion.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 'ㄹ' sound as a strong English 'r' instead of a softer Korean 'l' sound.
- Not fully articulating the final 'l' sound, making it sound like '도다' (doda).
- Confusing the vowel 'o' with a shorter or different vowel sound.
سطح دشواری
At the A1-A2 level, '돌다' appears in simple sentences describing basic physical actions and directions. As learners progress, its figurative meanings and use in more complex sentence structures increase the difficulty.
Producing sentences with '돌다' at a basic level is straightforward. However, correctly differentiating between '돌다' and '돌리다', and using its figurative and idiomatic meanings accurately, requires higher proficiency.
Pronouncing and using '돌다' in simple contexts is achievable early on. However, fluent and nuanced usage, especially in spontaneous conversation, requires practice with its various meanings and conjugations.
Recognizing '돌다' in simple sentences is easy. Distinguishing its various meanings based on context, especially figurative and idiomatic uses, can be challenging for beginners.
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گرامر لازم
Verb conjugation (-아요/어요)
돌다 + 아요 = 돌아요 (dora-yo)
Causative verbs (making something happen)
돌다 (to turn) -> 돌리다 (to make turn).
Present progressive tense (-고 있다)
돌다 + 고 있다 = 돌고 있다 (dolgo itda - is turning).
Past tense conjugation (-았/었/였다)
돌다 + 았어요 = 돌았어요 (dorasseoyo).
Particles indicating direction (로/으로)
오른쪽 + 으로 = 오른쪽으로 (oreunjjog-euro - to the right).
مثالها بر اساس سطح
고개를 돌아요.
Turn your head.
고개 (head) + 를 (object particle) + 돌아요 (turn - present informal).
페이지를 돌려 주세요.
Please turn the page.
페이지 (page) + 를 (object particle) + 돌려 주세요 (please turn - polite request using causative form '돌리다').
바퀴가 돌아요.
The wheel turns.
바퀴 (wheel) + 가 (subject particle) + 돌아요 (turn - present informal).
오른쪽으로 도세요.
Turn right.
오른쪽 (right side) + 으로 (direction particle) + 도세요 (turn - polite imperative).
선풍기가 돌고 있어요.
The fan is turning.
선풍기 (fan) + 가 (subject particle) + 돌고 있어요 (is turning - present progressive informal).
문을 돌려요.
Turn the door.
문 (door) + 을 (object particle) + 돌려요 (turn - present informal using causative form '돌리다').
이것 좀 돌려 볼래요?
Would you like to try turning this?
이것 (this) + 좀 (a bit) + 돌려 볼래요? (would you like to try turning? - polite suggestion using causative form '돌리다').
길을 따라 돌아요.
Turn along the road.
길 (road) + 을 (object particle) + 따라 (along) + 돌아요 (turn - present informal).
차가 왼쪽으로 돌았어요.
The car turned left.
차 (car) + 가 (subject particle) + 왼쪽 (left side) + 으로 (direction particle) + 돌았어요 (turned - past informal).
계절이 돌고 있어요.
The seasons are turning.
계절 (season) + 이 (subject particle) + 돌고 있어요 (is turning - present progressive informal).
갑자기 기분이 돌았어요.
My mood suddenly turned.
갑자기 (suddenly) + 기분 (mood) + 이 (subject particle) + 돌았어요 (turned - past informal).
그는 고개를 돌려 나를 보지 않았어요.
He turned his head and didn't look at me.
그는 (he) + 고개 (head) + 를 (object particle) + 돌려 (turned - past participle of '돌리다') + 나를 (me) + 보지 않았어요 (didn't look).
바람이 불어서 나뭇잎이 돌아요.
The wind is blowing, so the leaves are turning/spinning.
바람 (wind) + 이 (subject particle) + 불어서 (because it's blowing) + 나뭇잎 (leaves) + 이 (subject particle) + 돌아요 (turn/spin - present informal).
이것은 어떻게 돌리는 건가요?
How do you turn this?
이것은 (this) + 어떻게 (how) + 돌리는 건가요? (is it that you turn? - asking for instructions using causative form '돌리다').
시간이 조금씩 돌고 있다.
Time is slowly passing/turning.
시간 (time) + 이 (subject particle) + 조금씩 (little by little) + 돌고 있다 (is turning/passing - present progressive informal).
그는 나에게 등을 돌렸어요.
He turned his back to me.
그는 (he) + 나에게 (to me) + 등 (back) + 을 (object particle) + 돌렸어요 (turned - past informal).
1년이 다 돌았네요. 정말 빠르네요.
A whole year has turned. It's really fast.
1년 (one year) + 이 (subject particle) + 다 (all) + 돌았네요 (has turned - past informal with a sense of realization) + 정말 (really) + 빠르네요 (is fast - with realization).
그의 말에 내 마음이 돌았어요.
My feelings turned because of his words.
그의 (his) + 말 (words) + 에 (because of/due to) + 내 마음 (my heart/feelings) + 이 (subject particle) + 돌았어요 (turned - past informal).
지구가 태양 주위를 돕니다.
The Earth revolves around the sun.
지구 (Earth) + 가 (subject particle) + 태양 (sun) + 주위 (around) + 를 (object particle) + 돕니다 (revolves - present formal).
이 기계는 버튼을 돌려서 작동시켜요.
This machine operates by turning the button.
이 기계 (this machine) + 는 (topic particle) + 버튼 (button) + 을 (object particle) + 돌려서 (by turning - connective form of '돌리다') + 작동시켜요 (operates - present informal).
갑자기 상황이 돌아서서 당황했어요.
The situation suddenly turned, and I was flustered.
갑자기 (suddenly) + 상황 (situation) + 이 (subject particle) + 돌아서서 (turned around/changed - connective form of '돌아서다') + 당황했어요 (was flustered - past informal).
머리가 돌 지경이었어요.
I was at the point where my head felt like it would explode/turn (go crazy).
머리 (head) + 가 (subject particle) + 돌 (turn/go crazy) + 지경 (state/point) + 이었어요 (was - past informal).
그는 아무 말 없이 등을 돌렸어요.
He turned his back without saying anything.
그는 (he) + 아무 말 없이 (without saying anything) + 등 (back) + 을 (object particle) + 돌렸어요 (turned - past informal).
회전하는 물체를 자세히 보세요.
Look closely at the rotating object.
회전하는 (rotating - adjective form of '회전하다') + 물체 (object) + 를 (object particle) + 자세히 (closely) + 보세요 (look - polite imperative).
그 사건은 한국 역사에서 중요한 전환점으로 돌았습니다.
That incident turned into an important turning point in Korean history.
그 사건 (that incident) + 은 (topic particle) + 한국 역사 (Korean history) + 에서 (in) + 중요한 (important) + 전환점 (turning point) + 으로 (as) + 돌았습니다 (turned - past formal).
그의 태도가 갑자기 돌아서서 모두를 놀라게 했다.
His attitude suddenly turned, surprising everyone.
그의 태도 (his attitude) + 가 (subject particle) + 갑자기 (suddenly) + 돌아서서 (turned around/changed - connective form of '돌아서다') + 모두를 (everyone) + 놀라게 했다 (surprised - past informal).
엔진이 정상적으로 돌아가는지 확인해야 합니다.
We need to check if the engine is turning/running properly.
엔진 (engine) + 이 (subject particle) + 정상적으로 (normally/properly) + 돌아가는지 (whether it's turning/running - present progressive form of '돌아가다' + connective ending) + 확인해야 합니다 (need to check - formal obligation).
그녀는 마치 세상이 자신을 중심으로 도는 것처럼 행동했다.
She acted as if the world revolved around her.
그녀는 (she) + 마치 (as if) + 세상 (world) + 이 (subject particle) + 자신 (oneself) + 을 (object particle) + 중심으로 (centered on) + 도는 (turning - present participle of '돌다') + 것처럼 (like) + 행동했다 (acted - past informal).
그의 갑작스러운 변심으로 인해 모든 계획이 틀어졌다.
Due to his sudden change of heart, all plans went awry (turned sour/wrong).
그의 (his) + 갑작스러운 (sudden) + 변심 (change of heart) + 으로 인해 (due to) + 모든 계획 (all plans) + 이 (subject particle) + 틀어졌다 (went awry/turned wrong - past informal of '틀어지다', implying a negative turn).
이 문제는 복잡하게 얽혀 있어서 해결하기가 어렵습니다.
This problem is so complexly intertwined that it is difficult to solve.
이 문제 (this problem) + 는 (topic particle) + 복잡하게 (complexly) + 얽혀 있어서 (being intertwined - connective form of '얽히다') + 해결하기가 (to solve) + 어렵습니다 (is difficult - formal).
그의 이야기는 한참 돌고 돌아 결국 진실에 도달했다.
His story went around and around for a long time and finally reached the truth.
그의 이야기 (his story) + 는 (topic particle) + 한참 (for a long time) + 돌고 돌아 (turning and turning - repeated form of '돌다' for emphasis) + 결국 (finally) + 진실 (truth) + 에 (to) + 도달했다 (reached - past informal).
회전문을 통과할 때 조심해야 합니다.
You must be careful when passing through the revolving door.
회전문 (revolving door) + 을 (object particle) + 통과할 때 (when passing through) + 조심해야 합니다 (must be careful - formal obligation).
그의 발언은 정치적 지형을 뒤흔드는 전환점이 될 것이라고 많은 이들이 예상했다.
Many predicted that his remarks would become a turning point that would shake up the political landscape.
그의 발언 (his remarks) + 은 (topic particle) + 정치적 지형 (political landscape) + 을 (object particle) + 뒤흔드는 (shaking up - present participle of '뒤흔들다') + 전환점 (turning point) + 이 (subject particle) + 될 것이라고 (that it would become) + 많은 이들 (many people) + 이 (subject particle) + 예상했다 (predicted - past informal).
역사의 수레바퀴는 끊임없이 돌고 돌며 새로운 시대를 열어간다.
The wheel of history continuously turns and turns, opening up a new era.
역사 (history) + 의 (of) + 수레바퀴 (wheel) + 는 (topic particle) + 끊임없이 (continuously) + 돌고 돌며 (turning and turning - repeated form of '돌다' + connective ending) + 새로운 시대 (new era) + 를 (object particle) + 열어간다 (opens up - present informal).
그의 복잡한 심리 상태는 마치 뫼비우스의 띠처럼 끝없이 돌고 도는 듯했다.
His complex psychological state seemed to endlessly turn and turn, like a Mobius strip.
그의 복잡한 심리 상태 (his complex psychological state) + 는 (topic particle) + 마치 (as if) + 뫼비우스의 띠 (Mobius strip) + 처럼 (like) + 끝없이 (endlessly) + 돌고 도는 (turning and turning - repeated form of '돌다') + 듯했다 (seemed - past informal).
그녀의 복수심은 걷잡을 수 없이 돌아버려 결국 자신마저 파멸로 이끌었다.
Her desire for revenge turned uncontrollably, eventually leading even herself to ruin.
그녀의 복수심 (her desire for revenge) + 은 (topic particle) + 걷잡을 수 없이 (uncontrollably) + 돌아버려 (turned uncontrollably - past participle of '돌아버리다', implying an extreme negative turn) + 결국 (eventually) + 자신마저 (even herself) + 파멸 (ruin) + 로 (to) + 이끌었다 (led - past informal).
이론적인 논의는 현실적인 문제 해결에서 한참 돌고 돌아왔다.
Theoretical discussions have gone around and around for a long time without solving practical problems.
이론적인 논의 (theoretical discussions) + 는 (topic particle) + 현실적인 문제 해결 (practical problem solving) + 에서 (in) + 한참 (for a long time) + 돌고 돌아왔다 (went around and around - repeated form of '돌다' + past informal of '돌아오다', implying a return to the starting point without progress).
그의 변덕스러운 성격은 주변 사람들을 혼란스럽게 만들었다.
His capricious personality made those around him confused.
그의 변덕스러운 성격 (his capricious personality) + 은 (topic particle) + 주변 사람들 (people around) + 을 (object particle) + 혼란스럽게 만들었다 (made confused - past informal of '혼란스럽게 만들다').
시간의 흐름 속에서 인간사는 끊임없이 돌고 돈다.
In the flow of time, human affairs continuously turn and turn.
시간 (time) + 의 (of) + 흐름 (flow) + 속에서 (within) + 인간사 (human affairs) + 는 (topic particle) + 끊임없이 (continuously) + 돌고 돈다 (turn and turn - repeated form of '돌다', present informal).
그의 연설은 청중의 마음을 사로잡으며 회전하는 듯한 감동을 선사했다.
His speech captivated the audience, delivering a moving experience that felt like it was spinning.
그의 연설 (his speech) + 은 (topic particle) + 청중 (audience) + 의 (of) + 마음 (heart) + 을 (object particle) + 사로잡으며 (captivating - connective form of '사로잡다') + 회전하는 (spinning - present participle of '회전하다') + 듯한 (like) + 감동 (moving experience) + 을 (object particle) + 선사했다 (delivered - past informal).
역사의 진보는 직선적이기보다는 나선형으로 돌고 돌아가며 발전하는 경향을 보인다.
Historical progress tends to develop by turning and revolving in a spiral rather than a straight line.
역사 (history) + 의 (of) + 진보 (progress) + 는 (topic particle) + 직선적이기보다는 (rather than being linear) + 나선형 (spiral) + 으로 (in) + 돌고 돌아가며 (turning and revolving - repeated form of '돌다' + connective ending) + 발전하는 (developing - present participle of '발전하다') + 경향 (tendency) + 을 (object particle) + 보인다 (shows - present informal).
그는 마치 우주의 섭리처럼 모든 것을 아우르며 돌아가는 거대한 힘을 느꼈다.
He felt a great force that encompassed everything and revolved like the providence of the universe.
그는 (he) + 마치 (as if) + 우주 (universe) + 의 (of) + 섭리 (providence) + 처럼 (like) + 모든 것 (everything) + 을 (object particle) + 아우르며 (encompassing - connective form of '아우르다') + 돌아가는 (revolving - present participle of '돌아가다') + 거대한 힘 (great force) + 을 (object particle) + 느꼈다 (felt - past informal).
인간의 운명은 예측 불가능한 곡예처럼 돌고 돌지만, 그 안에서 의미를 찾으려는 노력이 중요하다.
Human destiny turns and turns like unpredictable acrobatics, but the effort to find meaning within it is important.
인간 (human) + 의 (of) + 운명 (destiny) + 은 (topic particle) + 예측 불가능한 (unpredictable) + 곡예 (acrobatics) + 처럼 (like) + 돌고 돌지만 (turns and turns, but - repeated form of '돌다' + connective ending) + 그 안에서 (within it) + 의미 (meaning) + 를 (object particle) + 찾으려는 (trying to find - adjective form of '찾으려 하다') + 노력 (effort) + 이 (subject particle) + 중요하다 (is important - present informal).
그녀의 내면세계는 끊임없이 자아 성찰과 혼란 사이를 오가며 돌고 돌았다.
Her inner world incessantly revolved and turned, oscillating between self-reflection and confusion.
그녀의 내면세계 (her inner world) + 는 (topic particle) + 끊임없이 (incessantly) + 자아 성찰 (self-reflection) + 과 (and) + 혼란 (confusion) + 사이 (between) + 를 (object particle) + 오가며 (oscillating - connective form of '오가다') + 돌고 돌았다 (revolved and turned - repeated form of '돌다' + past informal).
현대 사회의 정보 과부하는 뇌를 끊임없이 돌게 만들어 피로감을 가중시킨다.
The information overload of modern society makes the brain constantly spin, exacerbating fatigue.
현대 사회 (modern society) + 의 (of) + 정보 과부하 (information overload) + 는 (topic particle) + 뇌 (brain) + 를 (object particle) + 끊임없이 (constantly) + 돌게 만들어 (making it spin - causative form '돌게 만들다') + 피로감 (fatigue) + 을 (object particle) + 가중시킨다 (exacerbates - present informal).
예술가의 창작 과정은 때로는 논리적인 사고의 틀을 벗어나 무의식의 심연을 돌고 돌아 새로운 영감을 얻는 여정이다.
The artist's creative process is a journey that sometimes breaks free from the framework of logical thought and revolves through the abyss of the unconscious to gain new inspiration.
예술가 (artist) + 의 (of) + 창작 과정 (creative process) + 은 (topic particle) + 때로는 (sometimes) + 논리적인 사고 (logical thought) + 의 (of) + 틀 (framework) + 을 (object particle) + 벗어나 (breaking free - connective form of '벗어나다') + 무의식 (unconscious) + 의 (of) + 심연 (abyss) + 을 (object particle) + 돌고 돌아 (revolving and turning - repeated form of '돌다') + 새로운 영감 (new inspiration) + 을 (object particle) + 얻는 (gaining - present participle of '얻다') + 여정 (journey) + 이다 (is - present informal).
철학자들은 존재의 본질을 탐구하기 위해 끊임없이 질문을 던지고 답을 찾아 돌고 돌아왔다.
Philosophers have continuously asked questions and revolved and turned in search of answers to explore the essence of existence.
철학자들 (philosophers) + 은 (topic particle) + 존재 (existence) + 의 (of) + 본질 (essence) + 을 (object particle) + 탐구하기 위해 (in order to explore) + 끊임없이 (continuously) + 질문 (questions) + 을 (object particle) + 던지고 (asking - connective form of '던지다') + 답 (answers) + 을 (object particle) + 찾아 (in search of - connective form of '찾다') + 돌고 돌아왔다 (revolved and turned - repeated form of '돌다' + past informal of '돌아오다', implying a cyclical process).
그의 연설은 관객들의 마음을 휘감아 돌며 깊은 울림을 선사했다.
His speech wound around and revolved through the audience's hearts, delivering a deep resonance.
그의 연설 (his speech) + 은 (topic particle) + 관객들 (audience) + 의 (of) + 마음 (hearts) + 을 (object particle) + 휘감아 돌며 (winding around and revolving - connective form of '휘감다' + '돌다') + 깊은 울림 (deep resonance) + 을 (object particle) + 선사했다 (delivered - past informal).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To turn one's head.
He turned his head to look at the scenery. 그는 경치를 보기 위해 고개를 돌렸어요.
— To turn the steering wheel.
Turn the steering wheel to the right. 핸들을 오른쪽으로 돌려 주세요.
— To turn a door handle or knob.
Turn the knob to open the door. 문을 열려면 손잡이를 돌려야 해요.
— To turn a page in a book or document.
Please turn the page to the next chapter. 다음 장으로 페이지를 돌려 주세요.
— The world is turning; things are happening in the world.
The world is constantly changing. 세상이 계속해서 돌고 있어요.
— The seasons are changing or turning.
Spring has come, the seasons are turning. 봄이 왔으니 계절이 돌고 있어요.
— The wheel is turning/spinning.
The car's wheels are turning. 차 바퀴가 돌고 있어요.
— To go crazy, to lose one's mind (often due to stress or anger).
He was so stressed he felt like his head would turn. 스트레스가 너무 심해서 머리가 돌 지경이었어요.
— To turn one's back on someone; to abandon or betray someone.
He turned his back on his friends when they needed him. 친구들이 그를 필요로 할 때 그는 그들에게 등을 돌렸어요.
— Time passes; time revolves.
Time passes quickly. 시간이 빠르게 돌고 있어요.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
This is the causative form meaning 'to turn something'. '돌다' means the subject turns itself. For example, '바퀴가 돌아요' (The wheel turns) vs. '내가 바퀴를 돌려요' (I turn the wheel).
This is a more formal and technical term for 'to rotate' or 'revolve', often used in scientific contexts. '돌다' is more common in everyday speech.
'바뀌다' means 'to be changed' or 'to change' in a general sense. '돌다' specifically refers to turning or revolving.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To go crazy, to lose one's mind, to become very angry or frustrated to the point of losing control.
He was so angry that he felt his head would turn. 그는 너무 화가 나서 머리가 돌 지경이었다.
informal— To turn one's back on someone; to abandon or betray someone, especially when they are in need.
She turned her back on her family during their difficult times. 그녀는 가족들이 어려울 때 그들에게 등을 돌렸다.
neutral— The world is turning; things are happening (often used to express surprise or a sense of being overwhelmed by events).
Wow, the world is really turning these days! 와, 요즘 세상이 정말 돌고 있네!
informal— After much effort, going through many steps, or experiencing many changes; eventually.
After many twists and turns, he finally achieved his goal. 돌고 돌아 결국 목표를 달성했다.
neutral— A wad of money; a bundle of banknotes. Literally 'money turns'.
He received a large wad of cash. 그는 많은 돈다발을 받았다.
informal— A quack; a charlatan; someone who pretends to have skills or knowledge they don't possess, especially in medicine.
Be careful of that doctor, he's a quack. 저 의사는 조심해야 해, 그는 돌팔이야.
informal, negative— A heart that has turned away; a change of heart, often implying a loss of affection or support.
After the betrayal, her heart turned away from him. 배신 후에 그녀의 마음은 그에게서 돌아섰다.
neutral— The way things are going; the situation or circumstances. Literally 'the board that is turning'.
It's hard to understand how things are going these days. 요즘 돌아가는 판을 모르겠어요.
informal— To look back; to reflect on the past.
Looking back, I made many mistakes. 돌아보니 실수가 많았다.
neutral— Look before you leap; be cautious and check thoroughly before taking action, even if something seems safe (literally, 'cross even a stone bridge after tapping it').
Even though it seems easy, it's better to be cautious. 돌다리도 두들겨 보고 건너라.
proverbialبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both verbs relate to turning, but one is intransitive and the other is transitive.
'돌다' means the subject turns itself (e.g., 'The wheel turns' - 바퀴가 <mark>돌아요</mark>). '돌리다' means the subject causes something else to turn (e.g., 'I turn the wheel' - 내가 바퀴를 <mark>돌려요</mark>).
The fan spins on its own (돌다). The person turns the fan on (돌리다).
Both mean to rotate or revolve.
'회전하다' is more formal and technical, often used for precise scientific or mechanical rotation. '돌다' is the everyday, general term for turning and revolving.
The Earth revolves around the sun. 지구가 태양 주위를 <mark>회전합니다</mark>. (formal) / 지구가 태양 주위를 <mark>돌아요</mark>. (common)
Both can indicate a change.
'돌다' specifically refers to turning, spinning, or revolving. '바뀌다' means to be changed or to change in a general sense (e.g., weather, opinion, state).
The weather changed. 날씨가 <mark>바뀌었어요</mark>. (general change) The wheel turned. 바퀴가 <mark>돌았어요</mark>. (specific rotation)
Both involve the concept of turning or returning.
'돌아가다' often means 'to turn back', 'to return to a previous state or place', or 'to go around'. '돌다' is more about the act of turning or revolving itself. For example, '시간이 돌아갔다' (time went back) is different from '시간이 돌고 있다' (time is passing/turning).
He returned home. 그는 집으로 <mark>돌아갔어요</mark>. (returned) The fan is turning. 선풍기가 <mark>돌고 있어요</mark>. (rotating)
Both involve turning.
'돌아서다' specifically means 'to turn one's back' or 'to turn away' from someone or something. '돌다' is a more general term for turning.
She turned her back on him. 그녀는 그에게서 <mark>돌아섰어요</mark>. (turned away) The car turned left. 차가 왼쪽<mark>으로 돌았어요</mark>. (turned left)
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + 돌다 (present informal)
바퀴가 <mark>돌아요</mark>.
Object + 를/을 + 돌리다 (polite request)
페이지를 <mark>돌려</mark> 주세요.
Subject + Location + 으로/로 + 돌다 (past tense)
차가 왼쪽<mark>으로 돌았어요</mark>.
Subject + -고 있다 (present progressive)
선풍기가 <mark>돌고 있어요</mark>.
Subject + Figurative Meaning (e.g., mood, situation)
기분이 <mark>돌았어요</mark>.
Subject + 주위/중심 + 에/로 + 돌다
지구가 태양 주위<mark>로 돌아요</mark>.
Subject + -아/어서 (connective for action sequence)
그는 고개를 <mark>돌려서</mark> 봤다.
Figurative Idiom + Verb
머리가 <mark>돌 지경</mark>이었다.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
very high
-
Using '돌다' when '돌리다' is needed.
→
내가 바퀴를 <mark>돌려요</mark>.
Learners often confuse the intransitive '돌다' (the subject turns itself) with the transitive '돌리다' (the subject makes something else turn). The correct sentence means 'I turn the wheel', not 'The wheel turns me'.
-
Using '돌다' for general change instead of specific turning.
→
날씨가 <mark>바뀌었어요</mark>.
While '돌다' can imply change, it's specifically about turning or revolving. For general changes like weather, use '바뀌다'. '날씨가 <mark>돌았어요</mark>' would sound odd.
-
Confusing '돌다' with '돌아갔다'.
→
시간이 <mark>돌고 있어요</mark>.
'돌다' means to turn or revolve. '돌아갔다' (past of '돌아가다') often means to turn back or return. While related, they have different implications. '시간이 <mark>돌아갔다</mark>' implies time went backward, which is not the usual meaning of time passing.
-
Using '돌다' in formal contexts where '회전하다' is preferred.
→
지구가 태양 주위를 <mark>회전합니다</mark>.
In formal or technical writing and speech, '회전하다' is often preferred over '돌다' for describing rotation or revolution. Using '돌다' might sound too casual in such settings.
-
Misinterpreting figurative meanings.
→
그는 너무 화가 나서 머리가 <mark>돌</mark> 지경이었다.
Saying '머리가 <mark>돌다</mark>' means 'to go crazy' or 'lose one's mind' due to extreme emotion. Saying '그는 머리가 <mark>돌았어요</mark>' without the '지경이었다' context could be misinterpreted as him literally turning his head in a strange way.
نکات
Master the 'ㄹ' Sound
The Korean 'ㄹ' sound can be tricky. Practice saying '돌다' by ensuring the 'l' sound at the end is clear, not a hard English 'r'. Listen to native speakers and mimic their pronunciation to get it right.
Intransitive vs. Transitive: 돌다 vs. 돌리다
Remember that '돌다' is intransitive (the subject turns itself), while '돌리다' is transitive (the subject makes something else turn). This distinction is crucial for correct sentence construction. Think: 'The wheel turns' (바퀴가 돌아요) vs. 'I turn the wheel' (내가 바퀴를 돌려요).
Sentence Building Challenge
Try writing five sentences using '돌다' in different tenses and contexts. Include at least one sentence describing a physical turn, one about time or seasons, and one figurative use.
Idioms and Proverbs
Familiarize yourself with common idioms like '머리가 돌다' (to go crazy) and proverbs like '돌다리도 두들겨 보고 건너라' (look before you leap). These expressions are frequently used and understanding them will significantly improve your comprehension.
Active Listening for Nuance
When listening to Korean, focus on how '돌다' is used. Does it describe a car turning, a fan spinning, or a change in someone's mood? The context will provide clues to the intended meaning.
Use it in Directions
Practice giving simple directions using '돌다'. For example, '오른쪽으로 도세요' (Turn right) or '왼쪽으로 도세요' (Turn left). This is a very common and practical application of the verb.
Sound Association
Link the sound '돌돌돌' (doldoldol), which mimics a spinning object, to the verb '돌다'. This auditory cue can help you remember its meaning of turning or spinning.
Explore Related Words
Learn related words like '돌리다' (to turn something), '돌아오다' (to return), and '돌아서다' (to turn away). Understanding these variations will broaden your vocabulary and grammatical flexibility.
Read and Identify
When reading Korean texts, actively look for the verb '돌다' and its conjugations. Try to identify what is turning or revolving in each sentence and what the context implies.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a spinning top. It goes '돌돌돌' (doldoldol) as it spins. So, '돌다' means to spin or turn.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a merry-go-round. The horses go around and around. This circular motion is '돌다'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to describe five different things you see around you that are turning or revolving using the verb '돌다' in a simple sentence.
ریشه کلمه
The verb '돌다' originates from Old Korean. Its root is believed to be related to the concept of circular motion or change. The sound '돌' itself evokes a sense of turning or circling.
معنای اصلی: The original meaning is thought to be 'to move in a circle' or 'to change direction'. This fundamental concept of circularity or alteration is present in its modern usages.
Koreanic language family.بافت فرهنگی
The phrase '머리가 돌다' can be considered informal and potentially insensitive if used to describe someone's mental health condition in a casual or derogatory way. It's best used for expressing personal extreme frustration or anger rather than diagnosing someone.
While 'turn' or 'revolve' are direct English translations, the Korean usage of '돌다' can carry nuances of cyclical processes and changes in state that might not be as strongly implied in the English equivalents without additional context. For instance, '계절이 돌다' (gyejeol-i dolda - seasons turn) is a very natural Korean expression.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Giving directions
- 오른쪽으로 도세요.
- 왼쪽으로 도세요.
- 길을 따라 도세요.
- 여기서 도세요.
Describing mechanical objects
- 바퀴가 돌아요.
- 선풍기가 돌고 있어요.
- 엔진이 돌아가요.
Talking about time and seasons
- 시간이 돌고 있어요.
- 계절이 돌고 있어요.
- 1년이 돌았어요.
Describing personal actions
- 고개를 돌렸어요.
- 등을 돌렸어요.
- 돌아봤어요.
Expressing changes in mood or situation
- 기분이 돌았어요.
- 상황이 돌았어요.
- 마음이 돌았어요.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"What is something in your room that turns or revolves?"
"How do you usually give directions when driving?"
"What's your favorite season and why does it feel like it 'turns'?"
"Have you ever felt like your mood suddenly 'turned'?"
"Describe a time you had to 'turn back' or change your plans."
موضوعات نگارش
Write about a time you had to turn around unexpectedly. What happened?
Describe a machine you use daily that involves turning or rotation. How does it work?
Reflect on a significant 'turning point' in your life. How did it change things?
Imagine you are a planet revolving around a star. What would your 'day' be like?
Write a short story about someone who literally 'turned their back' on a difficult situation. What were the consequences?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe main difference lies in transitivity. '돌다' is intransitive, meaning the subject performs the action of turning itself (e.g., 'The wheel turns' - 바퀴가 돌아요). '돌리다' is transitive, meaning the subject causes something else to turn (e.g., 'I turn the wheel' - 내가 바퀴를 돌려요). Think of '돌다' as 'to turn' and '돌리다' as 'to make turn' or 'to operate something by turning'.
'돌다' is the common, everyday verb for turning, revolving, or rotating. You'll use it in most casual conversations when talking about everyday objects or actions. '회전하다' is a more formal and technical term, often used in scientific, engineering, or academic contexts to describe precise rotation or revolution. For example, 'The Earth revolves around the sun' can be said as '지구가 태양 주위를 돌아요' (common) or '지구가 태양 주위를 회전합니다' (formal/technical).
Yes, '돌다' has many figurative uses. It can describe the passage of time ('시간이 돌고 있다' - time is passing), the changing of seasons ('계절이 돌고 있다' - seasons are turning), a change in mood or attitude ('기분이 돌았어요' - my mood turned), or even going crazy ('머리가 돌다' - to go crazy). Context is key to understanding these figurative meanings.
'돌고 돌아' is an expression that means 'after going through many steps', 'after much effort', or 'eventually'. It implies a long, perhaps convoluted, journey or process before reaching a result. For example, '돌고 돌아 결국 이곳에 왔다' means 'After much wandering, I finally came here'.
Yes, several common phrases exist. '고개를 돌리다' (to turn one's head), '핸들을 돌리다' (to turn the steering wheel), '등을 돌리다' (to turn one's back on someone, i.e., betray or abandon them), and the idiom '머리가 돌다' (to go crazy) are very common. Learning these will greatly enhance your understanding and usage.
Particles like '로' or '으로' are used to indicate the direction of the turn. For example, '오른쪽으로 도세요' means 'Turn to the right'. '주위로 돌다' means 'to turn around' or 'revolve around'.
'돌아갔다' is the past tense of '돌아가다', which often means 'to turn back', 'to return to a previous state or place', or 'to go around'. It's different from '돌았다' (past tense of '돌다') which simply means 'turned' or 'revolved'. For instance, '시간이 돌아갔다' implies time went backward, while '시간이 돌고 있다' means time is passing.
'돌다' itself is generally neutral and can be used in both informal and semi-formal situations. However, its formal equivalent is '회전하다' (hoejeonhada). For polite requests or commands, you might use '돌려 주세요' or '도세요'.
'돌다' refers to circular motion, turning, or revolving. '굽다' means to bend or curve, describing a change in shape or direction that is not necessarily circular. For example, a road might '굽다' (curve), but a wheel '돌다' (turns).
Yes, the idiom '머리가 돌다' (meoriga dolda) means 'to go crazy' or 'to lose one's mind', usually due to extreme stress, anger, or shock. It's an informal expression.
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Summary
The verb '돌다' is essential for describing turning, revolving, and rotating actions, both literally and figuratively, in Korean. Mastering its conjugations and distinguishing it from its causative form '돌리다' is key to fluent communication.
- To turn, revolve, rotate.
- Used for physical movement and figurative changes.
- Common in directions, describing motion, and time.
- Distinguish '돌다' (intransitive) from '돌리다' (transitive).
Master the 'ㄹ' Sound
The Korean 'ㄹ' sound can be tricky. Practice saying '돌다' by ensuring the 'l' sound at the end is clear, not a hard English 'r'. Listen to native speakers and mimic their pronunciation to get it right.
Intransitive vs. Transitive: 돌다 vs. 돌리다
Remember that '돌다' is intransitive (the subject turns itself), while '돌리다' is transitive (the subject makes something else turn). This distinction is crucial for correct sentence construction. Think: 'The wheel turns' (바퀴가 돌아요) vs. 'I turn the wheel' (내가 바퀴를 돌려요).
Context is Key for Figurative Meanings
'돌다' has many figurative meanings. Pay close attention to the surrounding words and the overall situation to understand if it means 'to turn', 'to change mood', 'to go crazy', or something else. Don't assume a literal meaning in all cases.
Sentence Building Challenge
Try writing five sentences using '돌다' in different tenses and contexts. Include at least one sentence describing a physical turn, one about time or seasons, and one figurative use.
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