rok در ۳۰ ثانیه
- A 'rok' is the Dutch word for 'skirt', a waist-down garment.
- It is a common gender noun (de rok) with plural 'rokken'.
- Culturally, 'Rokjesdag' marks the arrival of spring in the Netherlands.
- It also refers to a man's formal tailcoat in specific dress codes.
The Dutch word rok is a fundamental noun in the Dutch language, specifically referring to a 'skirt' in English. It is a common gender noun, meaning it takes the definite article de (de rok). In its most basic sense, it describes a garment that hangs from the waist and covers the legs, either partially or fully. Unlike the English word 'dress' (which is jurk in Dutch), a rok specifically refers only to the lower half of a woman's outfit, though historically and in specific formal contexts like a 'rokcostuum' (white tie), it can refer to a man's tailcoat.
- Grammatical Gender
- De (Common gender). This means you say 'de rok' and 'deze rok'.
Zij draagt vandaag een blauwe rok.
In the Netherlands, you will encounter this word frequently in retail environments, fashion discussions, and daily life. The Dutch have a very specific cultural concept known as Rokjesdag (Skirt Day). This is the first day of spring when the weather is warm enough for women to wear skirts without tights. It is a celebrated, though informal, national moment. When using the word, it is important to distinguish it from jurk. If you tell a Dutch person you bought a 'rok' but it has a top attached, they will correct you and say it is a 'jurk'.
- Plural Form
- Rokken. Note the doubling of the 'k' to keep the vowel sound short.
The word 'rok' also appears in more formal or traditional settings. In the context of Dutch traditional costumes (klederdracht), such as those from Staphorst or Volendam, the 'rok' is a heavy, multi-layered garment that signifies social status or religious affiliation. Furthermore, in the world of classical music or high-society galas, a 'rok' or 'rokcostuum' refers to the formal attire worn by men, consisting of a tailcoat, white waistcoat, and white bow tie. This dual meaning—everyday skirt for women and ultra-formal tailcoat for men—is a fascinating linguistic evolution.
Voor het gala moet de dirigent een rok aan.
- Common Compounds
- Minirok (miniskirt), spijkerrok (denim skirt), kokerrok (pencil skirt).
When shopping in the Netherlands, you might hear a sales assistant ask: 'Zoekt u een rok met een rits of een elastische band?' (Are you looking for a skirt with a zipper or an elastic band?). The versatility of the 'rok' makes it a staple of the Dutch wardrobe, especially during the breezy summer months when cycling is the primary mode of transport. Many Dutch women wear 'fietsbroekjes' (cycling shorts) under their 'rok' to ensure modesty while riding against the wind, showing the practical application of the word in Dutch culture.
De wind waaide haar rok omhoog tijdens het fietsen.
In literature and idioms, 'rok' can also represent femininity or maternal protection. The phrase 'onder moeders rokken' (under mother's skirts) implies someone who is overly protected or shy. As you progress in Dutch, you'll see how this simple A1-level word weaves into complex social and cultural tapestries, from the runways of Amsterdam Fashion Week to the traditional markets of Zeeland.
Using the word rok correctly involves understanding its placement in a sentence and how adjectives modify it. Since it is a 'de-word', adjectives preceding it end in an '-e' when the definite article or a possessive is used. For example, 'de lange rok' (the long skirt) or 'mijn nieuwe rok' (my new skirt). If you use 'een', the adjective still takes the '-e' because 'rok' is a common gender noun: 'een mooie rok' (a beautiful skirt). This is a key rule for A1 learners to master.
- Adjective Agreement
- De korte rok (The short skirt) vs. Een korte rok (A short skirt).
Ik vind die gestreepte rok echt prachtig.
In everyday conversation, you will often use 'rok' with verbs like dragen (to wear), aanpassen (to try on), or kopen (to buy). If you are at a clothing store like WE Fashion or C&A, you might say: 'Mag ik deze rok even passen?' (May I try on this skirt?). If you are describing someone's outfit, you could say: 'Zij heeft een zwarte rok aan' (She is wearing a black skirt). Note the use of 'aan hebben' for wearing clothes, which is very idiomatic in Dutch.
- Pluralization Patterns
- De rokken zijn in de uitverkoop (The skirts are on sale).
As you move to more complex sentences, you might use 'rok' in the context of materials. 'Deze rok is gemaakt van wol' (This skirt is made of wool). Or you might describe the fit: 'De rok zit een beetje te strak bij mijn middel' (The skirt is a bit too tight at my waist). In professional settings, you might hear about 'zakelijke rokken' (business skirts). The word is versatile and adapts to various levels of formality depending on the adjectives and context provided.
Welke rok past het beste bij dit jasje?
For more advanced usage, consider the word in passive sentences or as part of a relative clause. 'De rok die ik gisteren kocht, is nu al kapot' (The skirt that I bought yesterday is already broken/torn). This demonstrates how 'rok' functions as the head of a noun phrase. Whether you are discussing fashion trends or simply getting dressed in the morning, 'rok' is an essential building block for constructing natural-sounding Dutch sentences.
The word rok is ubiquitous in Dutch society, but there are specific environments where its frequency increases. The most obvious place is in retail. Walking through the 'Kalverstraat' in Amsterdam or the 'Koopgoot' in Rotterdam, you will see signs for 'Rokken' in every women's clothing store. Sales associates will use the word constantly when helping customers find the right size or style. You'll hear phrases like 'De rokken hangen achterin de winkel' (The skirts are hanging in the back of the store).
- In the Media
- Fashion magazines like 'Linda' or 'Vogue Nederland' frequently feature 'de nieuwste rokken'.
Op het nieuws spraken ze over de terugkeer van de maxi-rok.
Another place you will hear 'rok' is in the context of Dutch weather and seasons. Every year, Dutch newspapers and news sites (like NOS or RTL Nieuws) mention Rokjesdag. This term was popularized by the late columnist Martin Bril. When the first sunny day of spring arrives, meteorologists and commentators will jokingly declare it 'Rokjesdag'. You'll hear people in the office saying, 'Het is eindelijk warm genoeg voor een rok!' (It is finally warm enough for a skirt!). It's a moment of collective joy in the Netherlands after a long, grey winter.
In more formal or classical environments, you might hear 'rok' used in its masculine sense. If you attend a performance at the 'Concertgebouw' in Amsterdam, the male musicians often wear a 'rok' or 'rokcostuum'. If you are invited to a 'gala' with the dress code 'Cravate Blanche' (White Tie), the invitation will specify that men are expected to appear in 'rok'. This can be confusing for beginners, but the context usually makes it clear whether the speaker is referring to a woman's skirt or a man's formal tailcoat.
- Traditional Contexts
- In 'Bible Belt' villages like Staphorst, 'rok' is a term used for the traditional black skirts worn by women.
Finally, you'll hear the word in schools and households. Parents might say to their children, 'Trek je mooie rok aan voor het feestje' (Put on your beautiful skirt for the party). On social media, Dutch influencers use the hashtag #rok or #rokje when posting their 'Outfit of the Day' (OOTD). Whether in a high-end boutique, a classical concert hall, or a casual chat at a cafe, 'rok' is a word that resonates through all layers of Dutch life.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Dutch is confusing rok (skirt) with jurk (dress). In English, 'skirt' and 'dress' are distinct, but learners often mix them up because they are both feminine garments. Remember: a rok covers only the bottom half, while a jurk is a one-piece garment that covers both the top and the bottom. If you say 'Ik draag een rok' when you are wearing a dress, a Dutch person will be slightly confused.
- Gender Confusion
- Using 'het rok' instead of 'de rok'. 'Rok' is a 'de-word'.
Incorrect: Ik heb het nieuwe rok gekocht.
Another common error involves the plural form. Beginners often try to pluralize it as 'roken' (with one 'k'). However, in Dutch spelling rules, a single 'k' after a single 'o' would change the vowel sound to a long 'o' (like in 'koken'). To keep the 'o' short as it is in the singular 'rok', you must double the consonant: rokken. Pronouncing 'rokken' with a long 'o' sound is a tell-tale sign of a non-native speaker.
- Spelling Rule
- Short vowel + single consonant -> double the consonant in the plural (rok -> rokken).
Learners also struggle with the specific meaning of 'rok' in formal contexts. If a man says he is wearing a 'rok', he is not wearing a skirt (unless he is being very unconventional); he is wearing a tailcoat. English speakers often miss this nuance and might laugh or look confused, not realizing 'rok' is shorthand for 'rokcostuum'. Understanding this cultural and linguistic quirk will help you avoid awkward social misunderstandings.
Mistake: Confusing rok (skirt) with jurk (dress).
Lastly, be careful with the word 'rokje'. While 'je' usually makes things smaller or cuter, in Dutch fashion, 'rokje' is so commonly used that it almost replaces 'rok' in casual speech. However, in formal writing or when describing a professional 'business skirt', you should stick to 'rok'. Using 'rokje' in a high-end fashion critique or a formal report might sound too childish or informal. Mastering the balance between 'rok' and 'rokje' is a sign of reaching an intermediate level of Dutch fluency.
While rok is the most common term for a skirt, there are several related words and alternatives that can add precision to your Dutch. The most important distinction is with jurk (dress). A 'jurk' is a complete outfit, while a 'rok' requires a top (topje, blouse, or trui) to be complete. Another related term is japon, which is a somewhat old-fashioned or very formal word for a dress, rarely used for a skirt but often confused by learners in the same category of 'female clothing'.
- Rok vs. Jurk
- Rok: Waist down only. Jurk: Full body garment.
Zij draagt een kokerrok naar haar werk, maar een avondjurk naar het feest.
In terms of specific types of skirts, the Dutch language uses many compound words. A minirok is a miniskirt. A maxi-rok is a long skirt that reaches the ankles. A plooirok is a pleated skirt, often seen in school uniforms or vintage styles. A kokerrok is a pencil skirt, literally 'tube skirt', which is the standard term for professional attire. Knowing these specific terms will help you navigate a Dutch clothing store with much more confidence than just using the general word 'rok'.
- Specific Types
- Spijkerrok (Denim skirt), plooirok (Pleated skirt), wikkelrok (Wrap skirt).
For men's formal wear, the alternative to 'rok' (tailcoat) would be a smoking (tuxedo) or a jacquet (morning coat). It is crucial to know the difference for formal events. A 'rok' is the highest level of formality (White Tie), while a 'smoking' is slightly less formal (Black Tie). In a linguistic sense, you might also encounter the word schoot, which can mean 'lap' (as in sitting on someone's lap), which is related to the area covered by a skirt. Understanding these synonyms and contextual alternatives will greatly enrich your Dutch vocabulary.
Is een wikkelrok handiger voor op het strand?
Finally, consider the word kilt. While it is a type of skirt worn by men in Scotland, the Dutch use the English loanword 'kilt' specifically for this garment. They would never refer to a Scottish kilt as a 'rok' unless they were making a joke or were unaware of the specific term. By distinguishing between 'rok', 'jurk', 'kokerrok', and 'kilt', you demonstrate a nuanced understanding of Dutch fashion and culture.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Ik draag een rok.
I am wearing a skirt.
A1: Basic SVO sentence.
De rok is rood.
The skirt is red.
A1: Use of 'de' with 'rok'.
Zij heeft een nieuwe rok.
She has a new skirt.
A1: Adjective 'nieuwe' gets an -e because 'rok' is a de-word.
Is deze rok te kort?
Is this skirt too short?
A1: Question format.
Ik koop een rok.
I am buying a skirt.
A1: Basic verb 'kopen'.
De rokken zijn mooi.
The skirts are beautiful.
A1: Plural form 'rokken'.
Mijn moeder draagt een rok.
My mother is wearing a skirt.
A1: Family member + clothing.
Waar is mijn zwarte rok?
Where is my black skirt?
A1: Interrogative 'waar'.
Ik zoek een rok voor het feestje.
I am looking for a skirt for the party.
A2: Using 'zoeken naar' or 'zoeken' for shopping.
Deze rok is gemaakt van katoen.
This skirt is made of cotton.
A2: Passive construction 'is gemaakt van'.
Mag ik die blauwe rok passen?
May I try on that blue skirt?
A2: Modal verb 'mogen' + 'passen'.
Zij draagt vaak een lange rok in de zomer.
She often wears a long skirt in the summer.
A2: Use of frequency adverb 'vaak'.
Ik vind dit een leuk rokje.
I think this is a nice (little) skirt.
A2: Introduction of the diminutive 'rokje'.
De rokken hangen daar in het rek.
The skirts are hanging there in the rack.
A2: Prepositional phrase 'in het rek'.
Mijn zus heeft twee nieuwe rokken gekocht.
My sister bought two new skirts.
A2: Perfect tense 'heeft gekocht'.
Welke rok vind jij het mooist?
Which skirt do you find the most beautiful?
A2: Superlative 'het mooist'.
Een kokerrok is heel geschikt voor op kantoor.
A pencil skirt is very suitable for the office.
B1: Specific clothing type 'kokerrok'.
Het is vandaag Rokjesdag, dus iedereen draagt een rok.
It is Skirt Day today, so everyone is wearing a skirt.
B1: Cultural reference to 'Rokjesdag'.
Ik heb een rok nodig die bij mijn nieuwe schoenen past.
I need a skirt that matches my new shoes.
B1: Relative clause 'die... past'.
Deze rok is veel te duur voor mijn budget.
This skirt is way too expensive for my budget.
B1: Using 'te' for excess.
Zij combineert haar rok met een witte blouse.
She combines her skirt with a white blouse.
B1: Verb 'combineren met'.
De rok heeft een rits aan de zijkant.
The skirt has a zipper on the side.
B1: Describing details.
Vroeger droegen vrouwen altijd een rok of een jurk.
In the past, women always wore a skirt or a dress.
B1: Past tense 'droegen'.
Ik vind het lastig om een rok te vinden die goed zit.
I find it difficult to find a skirt that fits well.
B1: Structure 'lastig om... te'.
De dirigent verscheen in een onberispelijk rokcostuum.
The conductor appeared in an impeccable tailcoat.
B2: Formal use of 'rok' (tailcoat).
Deze zijden rok moet chemisch gereinigd worden.
This silk skirt must be dry cleaned.
B2: Passive with 'moeten worden'.
Ze verschool zich achter de rokken van haar grootmoeder.
She hid behind her grandmother's skirts.
B2: Idiomatic expression.
Tijdens de ceremonie droeg de koningin een prachtige japon met een bijpassende rok.
During the ceremony, the queen wore a beautiful gown with a matching skirt.
B2: High-level vocabulary 'japon', 'bijpassende'.
De modeontwerper presenteerde een collectie met asymmetrische rokken.
The fashion designer presented a collection with asymmetrical skirts.
B2: Specialized vocabulary 'modeontwerper', 'asymmetrisch'.
Het is een ongeschreven regel dat mannen een rok dragen bij een 'White Tie' evenement.
It is an unwritten rule that men wear a tailcoat at a 'White Tie' event.
B2: Complex sentence with 'ongeschreven regel'.
De rok waaide vervaarlijk op door de harde wind.
The skirt blew up dangerously due to the strong wind.
B2: Use of adverb 'vervaarlijk'.
In sommige culturen is een rok voor mannen heel gebruikelijk.
In some cultures, a skirt for men is very common.
B2: Cultural comparison.
De evolutie van de rok weerspiegelt de veranderende positie van de vrouw in de maatschappij.
The evolution of the skirt reflects the changing position of women in society.
C1: Abstract sociological discussion.
Hij voelde zich ongemakkelijk in zijn stijve rok tijdens het staatsbanket.
He felt uncomfortable in his stiff tailcoat during the state banquet.
C1: Nuanced emotional description.
De plooirok beleefde een verrassende comeback op de Parijse catwalks.
The pleated skirt experienced a surprising comeback on the Parisian catwalks.
C1: Journalistic fashion style.
Men kan de symboliek van de rok in de literatuur niet negeren.
One cannot ignore the symbolism of the skirt in literature.
C1: Formal 'men' construction.
De klederdracht van Marken kenmerkt zich door een zeer specifieke gelaagdheid in de rokken.
The traditional costume of Marken is characterized by a very specific layering in the skirts.
C1: Highly specific cultural vocabulary.
Zij weigerde zich te conformeren aan de strikte kledingvoorschriften die een rok vereisten.
She refused to conform to the strict dress codes that required a skirt.
C1: Formal verbs 'weigeren', 'conformeren', 'vereisen'.
Ondanks de kou hielden de dames vast aan hun korte rokken als teken van verzet.
Despite the cold, the ladies stuck to their short skirts as a sign of resistance.
C1: Contrastive 'ondanks' and 'vasthouden aan'.
De textuur van de rok was zo fijn dat het wel zijde leek.
The texture of the skirt was so fine that it looked like silk.
C1: Subjunctive-like 'leek'.
De sociolinguïstische implicaties van de term 'rok' in de context van genderneutrale mode zijn legio.
The sociolinguistic implications of the term 'skirt' in the context of gender-neutral fashion are numerous.
C2: Academic terminology 'sociolinguïstische implicaties', 'legio'.
In de archieven vonden we een gedetailleerde beschrijving van een 17e-eeuwse rok van brokaat.
In the archives, we found a detailed description of a 17th-century brocade skirt.
C2: Historical archival context.
Het fenomeen 'Rokjesdag' is door de jaren heen verworden tot een commercieel vehikel.
The phenomenon of 'Skirt Day' has over the years degenerated into a commercial vehicle.
C2: Advanced verb 'verworden tot'.
Zijn weigering om in rok te verschijnen werd opgevat als een diplomatieke belediging.
His refusal to appear in a tailcoat was perceived as a diplomatic insult.
C2: Passive 'werd opgevat als'.
De gelaagdheid van de rok fungeert hier als een metafoor voor de verborgen emoties van de protagonist.
The layering of the skirt functions here as a metaphor for the hidden emotions of the protagonist.
C2: Literary criticism style.
Menig modehuis heeft getracht de klassieke rok te deconstrueren.
Many a fashion house has attempted to deconstruct the classic skirt.
C2: Use of 'menig' and 'getracht'.
De rokkenjager, een term die in modern Nederlands aan kracht heeft ingeboet, stamt uit een ander tijdperk.
The 'skirt chaser' (womanizer), a term that has lost its potency in modern Dutch, stems from a different era.
C2: Analysis of idiomatic compounds.
Subtiele variaties in de zoom van de rok duiden op een verfijnd vakmanschap.
Subtle variations in the hem of the skirt indicate refined craftsmanship.
C2: Precise technical vocabulary 'zoom', 'vakmanschap'.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— The first warm day of spring when women wear skirts without tights.
Vandaag is het eindelijk Rokjesdag!
— To appear in a formal tailcoat (for men).
De gasten werden verzocht in rok te verschijnen.
— To quickly pick out a skirt to wear.
Ik trek even een rokje uit de kast.
— The layers or different parts of society (somewhat archaic).
Hij kende alle rokken van de maatschappij.
— To buy a skirt on sale.
Ik heb deze rok voor een prikkie gekocht in de sale.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To be very dependent on one's mother; to be shy or protected.
Hij is al dertig, maar hij zit nog steeds achter moeders rokken.
informal— To cling to someone, usually a child to a mother.
Het kind hing de hele dag aan haar rokken.
neutral— To prepare for hard work or to move quickly (archaic).
We moeten de rokken opsteken om dit werk af te krijgen.
archaic— A womanizer or 'skirt chaser'.
Pas op voor hem, hij staat bekend als een echte rokkenjager.
informal— To chase after women.
Hij loopt de hele dag achter de rokken aan.
informal— To look under the skirts (often used metaphorically for investigating something).
De journalist probeerde onder de rokken van het bedrijf te kijken.
metaphorical— A play on 'appeltje voor de dorst', meaning saving something for later (rare/pun).
Ik bewaar dit leuke rokje voor de dorst.
playful— To get stuck in tradition or old ways.
De organisatie is in de rokken van het verleden blijven hangen.
metaphoricalSummary
The Dutch word 'rok' primarily means 'skirt' and is a essential A1 vocabulary item. Always remember it is a 'de' word and distinct from 'jurk' (dress). Example: 'Zij draagt een korte rok' (She is wearing a short skirt).
- A 'rok' is the Dutch word for 'skirt', a waist-down garment.
- It is a common gender noun (de rok) with plural 'rokken'.
- Culturally, 'Rokjesdag' marks the arrival of spring in the Netherlands.
- It also refers to a man's formal tailcoat in specific dress codes.
محتوای مرتبط
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این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر daily_life
aandoen
B2پوشیدن لباس (مانند کت) یا روشن کردن دستگاه (مانند چراغ).
aanpassen
B1شما باید برنامه ها را تنظیم کنید.
aanreiken
B1چیزی را به کسی دادن. 'میتوانی چکش را به من بدهی؟'
aanschaffen
B1خریدن یا تهیه کردن (معمولاً برای کالاهای بادوام یا تجهیزات).
aanstaan
B1روشن بودن (دستگاه): تلویزیون روشن است.
aanwezig
B1حاضر در یک مکان یا رویداد خاص.
aardig
A2kind or nice
achteraf
B2Afterwards or in retrospect
activiteit
B1A thing that you do for enjoyment or purpose
adres
A1Details of where someone lives.
