A1 · مبتدی فصل 3

عددها، تاریخ و زمان: دنیای پرتغالی رو با هم بشماریم!

5 مجموع قواعد
50 مثال‌ها
6 دقیقه

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the world of schedules, prices, and dates to navigate daily life in Portuguese with confidence.

  • Master counting to 100 while managing gender agreement for numbers like 1 and 2.
  • Identify days and months to organize your calendar and social life.
  • Tell the time accurately using both Brazilian and European Portuguese conventions.
Master the rhythm of Portuguese life through numbers and time.

چی یاد می‌گیری

سلام زبان‌آموز باهوش! آماده‌ای یه قدم بزرگ تو پرتغالی برداری؟ این فصل مثل یه کلید جادوییه که درِ دنیای واقعی پرتغالی‌زبان‌ها رو برات باز می‌کنه. فکر کن می‌خوای بپرسی ساعت چنده، بگی چند سالته، یا حتی قیمت یه قهوه خوشمزه رو بفهمی – همه اینا با عدد و زمان گره خورده. تو این فصل یاد می‌گیری چطوری از صفر تا بی‌نهایت (خب، حداقل تا ۱۰۰!) رو بشمری، بدون اینکه گیج بشی. می‌فهمی که عدد ۱ و ۲ و حتی صدها، مثل آدما جنسیت دارن و باید با اسمی که بعدشون میاد هماهنگ بشن! نگران نباش، یاد می‌گیریم چطور «و» (e) رو درست بین عددها بیاری که همه چی قشنگ و روون باشه. بعدش میریم سراغ روزای هفته؛ می‌دونی چرا دوشنبه یه «خانومه» و شنبه یه «آقا»؟ اینم خودش یه راز جالبه که اینجا فاش میشه! ماه‌ها هم همیشه آقا هستن و یه «او» (o) کوچولو همیشه همراشونه، مثل یه دوست خوب که هیچ‌وقت تنهات نمی‌ذاره. آخرشم یاد می‌گیری چطوری مثل یه پرتغالی‌زبان واقعی ساعت بپرسی و جواب بدی – این‌طوری دیگه قرار ملاقات‌هات رو از دست نمی‌دی یا می‌تونی بگی برنامه مورد علاقه‌ات کی شروع میشه. با این فصل، تو دیگه فقط یه شروع‌کننده نیستی؛ می‌تونی قرار بذاری، خرید کنی، و با اعتماد به نفس بیشتری تو مکالمات روزمره شرکت کنی. پس بزن بریم که کلی چیز جدید منتظرته!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to count items and prices up to 100 with correct gender agreement.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to state the day of the week and month for any given date.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to ask for and tell the time including minutes.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Hey smart learner! Ready to take a huge step in your Portuguese grammar A1 journey? This chapter is like a magic key that opens the door to the real world of Portuguese speakers.
Imagine wanting to ask what time it is, say how old you are, or even find out the price of a delicious coffee – all these essential daily interactions are tied to understanding numbers in Portuguese, dates in Portuguese, and telling time in Portuguese. Mastering these basics will significantly boost your confidence and enable you to engage in more meaningful conversations right from the start.
In this chapter, you'll learn how to count from zero to infinity (well, at least up to 100!) without getting confused. You'll discover that numbers like um (one) and dois (two), and even the hundreds, have genders, just like people, and need to agree with the nouns they follow! Don't worry, we'll learn how to correctly use
e
(and) between numbers so everything sounds smooth and natural.
This foundational knowledge is crucial for any A1 Portuguese speaker looking to build a solid linguistic base.
Next, we'll dive into the Portuguese days of the week. Do you know why Monday is she and Saturday is he? This is another interesting secret that will be revealed here!
Portuguese months are always masculine and always accompanied by a small
o
(the), like a good friend who never leaves your side. Finally, you'll learn how to ask and tell time in Portuguese like a true native speaker – this way, you'll never miss an appointment or know exactly when your favorite show starts. With this chapter, you're no longer just a beginner; you'll be able to make plans, shop, and participate in daily conversations with much more confidence.
So let's go, lots of new things are waiting for you!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

Let's break down the rules for Portuguese numbers, dates, and time that will become your new best friends! First, we tackle Cardinal Numbers: Zero and beyond. The number zero is simply
zero
(zero).
When counting, most numbers are straightforward, but pay attention to um (one) and dois (two). They change based on the gender of the noun they modify: um (masculine) becomes uma (feminine), and dois (masculine) becomes duas (feminine). For example,
um livro
(one book) but
uma caneta
(one pen).
Similarly,
dois carros
(two cars) but
duas casas
(two houses). This is a key aspect of Portuguese Numbers: Counting and Agreement (1-100+). For compound numbers, remember to use
e
(and) between tens and units:
vinte e cinco
(twenty-five), or hundreds and tens:
cento e um
(one hundred and one).
Next, let's explore the Portuguese Days: Why Monday is She and Saturday is He. Most days of the week, from Monday to Friday, end in
-feira
(which means 'fair' or 'market day' historically) and are feminine:
segunda-feira
(Monday),
terça-feira
(Tuesday),
quarta-feira
(Wednesday),
quinta-feira
(Thursday),
sexta-feira
(Friday). However, Saturday (sábado) and Sunday (domingo) are masculine.
You'll often hear the -feira dropped in casual speech for the weekdays.
Moving on to Portuguese Months & Their Gender (Always Masculine!). All months in Portuguese are masculine. This means they are almost always preceded by the definite article
o
(the masculine the), even when just stating the month.
For instance,
o janeiro
(January),
o março
(March),
o dezembro
(December). You'll use this when talking about events happening in specific months.
Finally, let's master Telling Time: Minutes in Portuguese. To ask the time, you say
Que horas são?
(What time is it?). To answer, you use
É uma hora
(It's one o'clock) for one o'clock, and
São duas horas
(It's two o'clock) for all other hours.
For minutes, you simply add them after the hour:
São três e quinze
(It's three fifteen). For half past, you can say
e meia
(and a half), like
São sete e meia
(It's seven thirty). This comprehensive approach to A1 Portuguese will have you navigating daily conversations with ease.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Wrong:
    Eu tenho um irmã.
    (I have one sister.)
Correct:
Eu tenho uma irmã.
(I have one sister.)
*Explanation:* The number um must agree in gender with the noun it modifies. Irmã (sister) is feminine, so it should be uma.
  1. 1Wrong:
    O meu avô tem oitenta dois anos.
    (My grandfather is eighty-two years old.)
Correct:
O meu avô tem oitenta e dois anos.
(My grandfather is eighty-two years old.)
*Explanation:* When forming compound numbers (especially between tens and units), the conjunction e (and) is almost always used in Portuguese.
  1. 1Wrong:
    A sábado é o meu dia favorito.
    (Saturday is my favorite day.)
Correct:
O sábado é o meu dia favorito.
(Saturday is my favorite day.)
*Explanation:* While many weekdays are feminine, sábado (Saturday) and domingo (Sunday) are masculine and should use the masculine article o.

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

Que horas são? (What time is it?)
B

B

São dez e meia. (It's half past ten.)
A

A

Quantos livros tens? (How many books do you have?)
B

B

Tenho vinte e um livros. (I have twenty-one books.)
A

A

Quando é o teu aniversário? (When is your birthday?)
B

B

É em agosto. O agosto é um mês quente. (It's in August. August is a warm month.)

سؤالات رایج

Q

How do I say zero in Portuguese?

You say

zero
(zero).

Q

Are all numbers in Portuguese masculine?

No, some numbers like

um/uma
(one) and
dois/duas
(two) change their form to agree with the gender of the noun they refer to.

Q

Why are days of the week like segunda-feira feminine?

Days ending in

-feira
(Monday to Friday) are considered feminine because -feira historically referred to feira (fair or market day), which is a feminine noun.

Q

Do months have gender in Portuguese?

Yes, all months in Portuguese are masculine and are typically preceded by the masculine definite article

o
.

بافت فرهنگی

In daily Portuguese life, you'll find these numbers, dates, and times are incredibly practical. Brazilians and Continental Portuguese speakers both use the 24-hour clock for formal contexts (like train schedules), but the 12-hour clock is common in casual conversation, often clarified with
da manhã
(in the morning) or
da tarde/noite
(in the afternoon/evening). For dates, Portugal typically uses dd/mm/yyyy, while Brazil more commonly uses dd/mm/yyyy but sometimes mm/dd/yyyy in informal contexts.
Don't be surprised if native speakers sometimes drop the -feira from weekdays (e.g.,
segunda
instead of
segunda-feira
).

مثال‌های کلیدی (4)

1

Eu tenho `vinte e duas` mensagens no WhatsApp.

من بیست و دو تا پیام توی واتس‌اپ دارم.

اعداد پرتغالی: شمارش و مطابقت (۱-۱۰۰+)
2

O combo custa `trinta e um` reais.

این کمبو سی و یک رئال قیمت داره.

اعداد پرتغالی: شمارش و مطابقت (۱-۱۰۰+)
3

O meu Uber chega em dez minutos, são {dez e dez|time}.

My Uber arrives in ten minutes, it's 10:10.

گفتن زمان: دقایق در پرتغالی
4

A live no Instagram começa às {uma e meia|time}.

The Instagram live starts at 1:30.

گفتن زمان: دقایق در پرتغالی

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

همیشه بعد از صفر جمع ببند

شاید عجیب به نظر بیاد، ولی در پرتغالی بعد از صفر باید اسم رو جمع ببندی. مثلاً بگو: zero erros.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد اصلی: صفر (Zero)
🎯

راز عدد Meia

توی برزیل وقتی می‌خوای شماره تلفن بدی، به جای عدد ۶ همیشه بگو 'meia'. اینطوری کسی ۶ رو با ۷ اشتباه نمی‌گیره:
Meu número é nove meia oito...
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد پرتغالی: شمارش و مطابقت (۱-۱۰۰+)
💡

راز کلمه Feira

توی مکالمه‌های روزمره، فقط بگو 'segunda' و بی‌خیال 'feira' شو. اینطوری خیلی حرفه‌ای‌تر به نظر میای:
Eu te ligo na segunda.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: روزهای پرتغالی: چرا دوشنبه مؤنث و شنبه مذکر است؟
💡

قانون حروف کوچیک

توی چت یا نامه، ماه‌ها رو با حروف کوچیک بنویس مگر اینکه اول جمله باشن:
Eu gosto muito de abril.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماه‌های پرتغالی و جنسیت آنها (همیشه مذکر!)

واژگان کلیدی (8)

zero zero um / uma one segunda-feira Monday janeiro January hora hour meio-dia midday / noon hoje today amanhã tomorrow

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Bakery

users

Meeting a Friend

Review Summary

  • [Number (M/F)] + [Noun (M/F)]
  • [Day] + -feira

اشتباهات رایج

Maçã is feminine, so 'dois' must become 'duas'.

Wrong: Eu tenho dois maçãs.
صحیح: Eu tenho duas maçãs.

Weekdays ending in -feira are feminine and require the feminine prepositional contraction 'na' (em + a).

Wrong: No segunda-feira.
صحیح: Na segunda-feira.

In European Portuguese, 16 is 'dezasseis', while in Brazil it is 'dezesseis'.

Wrong: São dez e dezesseis (in Portugal).
صحیح: São dez e dezasseis.

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the ability to function in a Portuguese-speaking society! Keep practicing these numbers; they are the keys to the city.

Write your daily routine with specific times.

Count objects around you in Portuguese as you walk.

تمرین سریع (10)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

São dois e dez.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: São duas e dez
Hours must be feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن زمان: دقایق در پرتغالی

جای خالی رو با شکل درست پر کن.

Eu comprei ________ bananas. A fruteira está vazia.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: zero
کلمه zero تغییرناپذیره؛ پس حتی اگه موز (bananas) مونث و جمع باشه، باز هم از zero استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد اصلی: صفر (Zero)

جای خالی رو با حرف تعریف درست (o/a) پر کن.

___ domingo é o meu dia favorito.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O
کلمه Domingo مذکره و نیاز به حرف تعریف مذکر 'O' داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: روزهای پرتغالی: چرا دوشنبه مؤنث و شنبه مذکر است؟

جای خالی رو با شکل درست عدد 'یک' برای کلمه 'mesa' (میز - مؤنث) پر کن.

Eu preciso de ___ mesa para o jantar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: uma
چون 'mesa' یه اسم مؤنثه، عدد 'یک' باید به شکل 'uma' بیاد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد پرتغالی: شمارش و مطابقت (۱-۱۰۰+)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Hoje está fazendo zero grau Celsius.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hoje está fazendo zero graus Celsius.
با اینکه شاید مفرد هم شنیده بشه، ولی در مکالمات روزمره پرتغالی همیشه بعد از صفر برای دما از graus (جمع) استفاده میشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد اصلی: صفر (Zero)

اشتباه رو در این عدد پیدا کن: ۱۰۳

Find and fix the mistake:

راه درست برای گفتن ۱۰۳ کدومه؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: cento e três
وقتی عدد بالای ۱۰۰ می‌ره، 'cem' به 'cento' تغییر می‌کنه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد پرتغالی: شمارش و مطابقت (۱-۱۰۰+)

Fill in the verb.

___ duas e dez.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: São
Plural hours use 'São'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن زمان: دقایق در پرتغالی

کدوم جمله از نظر گرامری درسته؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O `março` deste ano foi chuvoso.
Março یک اسم مذکره، پس به حرف تعریف مذکر o نیاز داره و باید با حروف کوچیک باشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماه‌های پرتغالی و جنسیت آنها (همیشه مذکر!)

کدوم جمله به درستی می‌گه '۲۲ روز' (dia مذکر است)؟

عبارت درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vinte e dois dias
ما به رابط 'e' و حالت مذکر 'dois' برای هماهنگی با 'dias' نیاز داریم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد پرتغالی: شمارش و مطابقت (۱-۱۰۰+)

Choose the correct time.

It is 1:05.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: É uma e cinco
1:00 uses 'É'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن زمان: دقایق در پرتغالی

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

خیلی ساده‌ست، میشه zero. دقیقاً مثل انگلیسی برای شمردن و امتیازها استفاده میشه.
نه اصلاً! این کلمه ثابته. مثلاً میگیم zero carros و zero casas.
بله! اگه به عنوان تعداد یا حرف تعریف بیاد عوض می‌شه. برای مذکر از um و برای مؤنث از uma استفاده کن. مثلاً: um carro ولی uma bicicleta.
دقیقاً مثل عدد ۱! برای مذکر می‌گیم dois و برای مؤنث duas. مثلاً: dois cafés و duas cervejas.
بله، هر روزی که به '-feira' ختم بشه (دوشنبه تا جمعه) مؤنثه. مثلاً: A quarta-feira.
چون کلمه 'domingo' از ریشه لاتین اومده و چون '-feira' نداره، مذکر حساب میشه: O domingo é bom.