A1 · 初級 チャプター 3

Numbers, Dates, and Time

5 トータルルール
50 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the world of schedules, prices, and dates to navigate daily life in Portuguese with confidence.

  • Master counting to 100 while managing gender agreement for numbers like 1 and 2.
  • Identify days and months to organize your calendar and social life.
  • Tell the time accurately using both Brazilian and European Portuguese conventions.
Master the rhythm of Portuguese life through numbers and time.

学べること

Hey smart learner! Ready to take a huge step in your Portuguese journey? This chapter is like a magic key that opens the door to the real world of Portuguese speakers. Imagine wanting to ask what time it is, say how old you are, or even find out the price of a delicious coffee – all these are tied to numbers and time. In this chapter, you'll learn how to count from zero to infinity (well, at least up to 100!) without getting confused. You'll discover that numbers like 1, 2, and even the hundreds have genders, just like people, and need to agree with the nouns they follow! Don't worry, we'll learn how to correctly use e (and) between numbers so everything sounds smooth and natural. Next, we'll dive into the days of the week. Do you know why Monday is she and Saturday is he? This is another interesting secret that will be revealed here! Months are always masculine and always accompanied by a small o (the), like a good friend who never leaves your side. Finally, you'll learn how to ask and tell the time like a true Portuguese speaker – this way, you'll never miss an appointment or know exactly when your favorite show starts. With this chapter, you're no longer just a beginner; you'll be able to make plans, shop, and participate in daily conversations with much more confidence. So let's go, lots of new things are waiting for you!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to count items and prices up to 100 with correct gender agreement.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to state the day of the week and month for any given date.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to ask for and tell the time including minutes.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey smart learner! Ready to take a huge step in your Portuguese grammar A1 journey? This chapter is like a magic key that opens the door to the real world of Portuguese speakers.
Imagine wanting to ask what time it is, say how old you are, or even find out the price of a delicious coffee – all these essential daily interactions are tied to understanding numbers in Portuguese, dates in Portuguese, and telling time in Portuguese. Mastering these basics will significantly boost your confidence and enable you to engage in more meaningful conversations right from the start.
In this chapter, you'll learn how to count from zero to infinity (well, at least up to 100!) without getting confused. You'll discover that numbers like um (one) and dois (two), and even the hundreds, have genders, just like people, and need to agree with the nouns they follow! Don't worry, we'll learn how to correctly use
e
(and) between numbers so everything sounds smooth and natural.
This foundational knowledge is crucial for any A1 Portuguese speaker looking to build a solid linguistic base.
Next, we'll dive into the Portuguese days of the week. Do you know why Monday is she and Saturday is he? This is another interesting secret that will be revealed here!
Portuguese months are always masculine and always accompanied by a small
o
(the), like a good friend who never leaves your side. Finally, you'll learn how to ask and tell time in Portuguese like a true native speaker – this way, you'll never miss an appointment or know exactly when your favorite show starts. With this chapter, you're no longer just a beginner; you'll be able to make plans, shop, and participate in daily conversations with much more confidence.
So let's go, lots of new things are waiting for you!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the rules for Portuguese numbers, dates, and time that will become your new best friends! First, we tackle Cardinal Numbers: Zero and beyond. The number zero is simply
zero
(zero).
When counting, most numbers are straightforward, but pay attention to um (one) and dois (two). They change based on the gender of the noun they modify: um (masculine) becomes uma (feminine), and dois (masculine) becomes duas (feminine). For example,
um livro
(one book) but
uma caneta
(one pen).
Similarly,
dois carros
(two cars) but
duas casas
(two houses). This is a key aspect of Portuguese Numbers: Counting and Agreement (1-100+). For compound numbers, remember to use
e
(and) between tens and units:
vinte e cinco
(twenty-five), or hundreds and tens:
cento e um
(one hundred and one).
Next, let's explore the Portuguese Days: Why Monday is She and Saturday is He. Most days of the week, from Monday to Friday, end in
-feira
(which means 'fair' or 'market day' historically) and are feminine:
segunda-feira
(Monday),
terça-feira
(Tuesday),
quarta-feira
(Wednesday),
quinta-feira
(Thursday),
sexta-feira
(Friday). However, Saturday (sábado) and Sunday (domingo) are masculine.
You'll often hear the -feira dropped in casual speech for the weekdays.
Moving on to Portuguese Months & Their Gender (Always Masculine!). All months in Portuguese are masculine. This means they are almost always preceded by the definite article
o
(the masculine the), even when just stating the month.
For instance,
o janeiro
(January),
o março
(March),
o dezembro
(December). You'll use this when talking about events happening in specific months.
Finally, let's master Telling Time: Minutes in Portuguese. To ask the time, you say
Que horas são?
(What time is it?). To answer, you use
É uma hora
(It's one o'clock) for one o'clock, and
São duas horas
(It's two o'clock) for all other hours.
For minutes, you simply add them after the hour:
São três e quinze
(It's three fifteen). For half past, you can say
e meia
(and a half), like
São sete e meia
(It's seven thirty). This comprehensive approach to A1 Portuguese will have you navigating daily conversations with ease.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu tenho um irmã.
    (I have one sister.)
✓ Correct:
Eu tenho uma irmã.
(I have one sister.)
*Explanation:* The number um must agree in gender with the noun it modifies. Irmã (sister) is feminine, so it should be uma.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    O meu avô tem oitenta dois anos.
    (My grandfather is eighty-two years old.)
✓ Correct:
O meu avô tem oitenta e dois anos.
(My grandfather is eighty-two years old.)
*Explanation:* When forming compound numbers (especially between tens and units), the conjunction e (and) is almost always used in Portuguese.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    A sábado é o meu dia favorito.
    (Saturday is my favorite day.)
✓ Correct:
O sábado é o meu dia favorito.
(Saturday is my favorite day.)
*Explanation:* While many weekdays are feminine, sábado (Saturday) and domingo (Sunday) are masculine and should use the masculine article o.

Real Conversations

A

A

Que horas são? (What time is it?)
B

B

São dez e meia. (It's half past ten.)
A

A

Quantos livros tens? (How many books do you have?)
B

B

Tenho vinte e um livros. (I have twenty-one books.)
A

A

Quando é o teu aniversário? (When is your birthday?)
B

B

É em agosto. O agosto é um mês quente. (It's in August. August is a warm month.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I say zero in Portuguese?

You say

zero
(zero).

Q

Are all numbers in Portuguese masculine?

No, some numbers like

um/uma
(one) and
dois/duas
(two) change their form to agree with the gender of the noun they refer to.

Q

Why are days of the week like segunda-feira feminine?

Days ending in

-feira
(Monday to Friday) are considered feminine because -feira historically referred to feira (fair or market day), which is a feminine noun.

Q

Do months have gender in Portuguese?

Yes, all months in Portuguese are masculine and are typically preceded by the masculine definite article

o
.

Cultural Context

In daily Portuguese life, you'll find these numbers, dates, and times are incredibly practical. Brazilians and Continental Portuguese speakers both use the 24-hour clock for formal contexts (like train schedules), but the 12-hour clock is common in casual conversation, often clarified with
da manhã
(in the morning) or
da tarde/noite
(in the afternoon/evening). For dates, Portugal typically uses dd/mm/yyyy, while Brazil more commonly uses dd/mm/yyyy but sometimes mm/dd/yyyy in informal contexts.
Don't be surprised if native speakers sometimes drop the -feira from weekdays (e.g.,
segunda
instead of
segunda-feira
).

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

ゼロなのに「たくさん」の形？

直感とは逆かもしれませんが、数えられるもののときは必ず複数形を使いましょう。「0個という個数がある」と考えるのがコツです。例えば： zero erros （ゼロ個のミス）。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 基数：ゼロ (Zero)
🎯

「6」を言う時の秘密

ブラジルで電話番号を言う時は、6を「seis」ではなく「meia」と言うのが一般的です。聞き間違いを防ぐ知恵ですね。
Meu número é nove meia sete...
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の数字：数え方と一致 (1-100+)
💡

「feira」を省略する裏ワザ

普段の会話では「feira」を言わずに「segunda」だけでOKです。
Vou te ver na segunda.
と言うと一気にネイティブっぽくなりますよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の曜日：月曜日が「女性」で土曜日が「男性」な理由
💡

「小文字」のルール

文の最初に来る時以外、月はいつも小文字で書きましょう。これだけでネイティブっぽくなりますよ！
Meu aniversário é em abril.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の月とその性別（常に男性形！）

重要な語彙 (8)

zero zero um / uma one segunda-feira Monday janeiro January hora hour meio-dia midday / noon hoje today amanhã tomorrow

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Bakery

users

Meeting a Friend

Review Summary

  • [Number (M/F)] + [Noun (M/F)]
  • [Day] + -feira

よくある間違い

Maçã is feminine, so 'dois' must become 'duas'.

Wrong: Eu tenho dois maçãs.
正解: Eu tenho duas maçãs.

Weekdays ending in -feira are feminine and require the feminine prepositional contraction 'na' (em + a).

Wrong: No segunda-feira.
正解: Na segunda-feira.

In European Portuguese, 16 is 'dezasseis', while in Brazil it is 'dezesseis'.

Wrong: São dez e dezesseis (in Portugal).
正解: São dez e dezasseis.

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the ability to function in a Portuguese-speaking society! Keep practicing these numbers; they are the keys to the city.

Write your daily routine with specific times.

Count objects around you in Portuguese as you walk.

Continue to: Describing Your World

クイック練習 (3)

正しい文を選んでください。

「彼はアイディアがゼロだ」を正しく言うと？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele tem zero ideias.
正しい形は zero + 複数形の名詞です。 zero は性別で変化せず、 ideias は複数形にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 基数：ゼロ (Zero)

空欄に正しい言葉を入れてください。

Eu comprei ________ bananas. A fruteira está vazia.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: zero
zero は形が変わらない言葉なので、後ろの名詞が女性形（bananas）でも zero を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 基数：ゼロ (Zero)

文の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Hoje está fazendo zero grau Celsius.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hoje está fazendo zero graus Celsius.
気温について話す時、日常会話では zero の後は複数形の graus を使うのが最も自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 基数：ゼロ (Zero)

Score: /3

よくある質問 (6)

ポルトガル語でゼロは zero です。英語と同じように数字の0として、カウントやスコア、気温に使います。
O número é zero.
いいえ、zero は形が変わりません。男性名詞でも女性名詞でも zero のままです。 zero carros や zero casas と言います。
はい！数や冠詞として使う時は、男性なら「um」、女性なら「uma」と使い分けます。例えば「um carro（車）」と「uma bicicleta（自転車）」です。
その通り！「1」と同じで、男性は「dois」、女性は「duas」になります。例えば「dois cafés（コーヒー2つ）」と「duas cervejas（ビール2つ）」です。
はい、「-feira」で終わる月曜から金曜はすべて女性です。 A sexta-feira é ótima. のように言います。
日曜日はラテン語の「主の日」に由来していて、「-feira」が付かない特別な言葉だからです。 O domingo é especial.
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