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B1 noun 10 دقیقه مطالعه

指数

zhishu
مثال‌ها 指数 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 指数 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the complex math or economic meanings of 指数 (zhǐshù). Instead, think of it as a special kind of 'number' that you see on your phone or on TV. For example, when you look at the weather, you might see a number for 'how strong the sun is' (UV index) or 'how clean the air is' (Air Quality Index). At this stage, just remember that 指数 is a word used for these specific kinds of measurements. You can think of it like a 'score' for things in nature. If the number is high, the thing is strong; if the number is low, the thing is weak. It is a noun, and it usually comes after another word, like 'Air Index' or 'Sun Index'. You will mostly hear it when people talk about the weather or health. Don't worry about the characters too much yet, just recognize the sound 'zhǐshù' and know it means a type of measurement number.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 指数 (zhǐshù) in more practical contexts. You might encounter it in simple news reports or when discussing lifestyle topics. For instance, you might learn about the 'Dressing Index' (穿衣指数), which is a common feature in Chinese weather forecasts that tells you if you should wear a coat or a T-shirt. You are beginning to understand that 指数 isn't just any number, but a number that 'points' (指) to a 'quantity' (数). You can use it in simple sentences like '今天的紫外线指数很高' (Today's UV index is very high). You should also be aware that it can be used to talk about prices in a very basic way, like '物价指数' (price index), although you don't need to know the economics behind it. Focus on how it describes the 'level' of something. It's a useful word for describing the environment around you and making simple comparisons about the quality of life in different places.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 指数 (zhǐshù) in both daily and slightly more formal contexts. This is the stage where you learn its mathematical meaning: the 'exponent' or 'power' (like the 2 in 10²). You should be able to discuss common social and economic indices, such as the 'Happiness Index' (幸福指数) or the 'Stock Index' (股票指数). You will notice that 指数 is a very productive word in Chinese—you can attach it to almost any noun to create a 'rating' for that thing. For example, '心动指数' (attraction index). You should also learn the common verb pairings, such as '上涨' (to rise) and '下跌' (to fall). At this level, you should be able to explain what an index represents in simple terms, such as '指数反映了经济的变化' (The index reflects changes in the economy). You are moving beyond seeing it as just a weather number to seeing it as a tool for analysis and comparison in various fields of study.
At the B2 level, you are expected to use 指数 (zhǐshù) with precision in professional and academic discussions. You should understand the difference between '指数' (index/exponent) and '指标' (indicator/target), as confusing these is a common mistake at this level. You should be familiar with the phrase '指数级增长' (exponential growth) and be able to use it to describe rapid trends in technology, population, or business. In economic discussions, you should be able to talk about specific indices like the CPI (消费物价指数) or the Hang Seng Index (恒生指数) and discuss how they impact society. You should also understand the grammatical flexibility of the word, using it in complex sentences to compare data sets. For example, you might analyze how a certain 'pollution index' correlates with 'public health indices'. Your understanding should include the nuance that an index is a relative value, often requiring a 'base period' (基期) for meaningful interpretation. This level requires a grasp of both the literal statistical meaning and the metaphorical 'rating' meaning used in media.
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At the C1 level, your use of 指数 (zhǐshù) should be sophisticated and contextually appropriate across a wide range of specialized fields. In mathematics and the sciences, you should be able to discuss '指数函数' (exponential functions), '指数分布' (exponential distribution), and '指数衰减' (exponential decay) with ease. In the humanities and social sciences, you might engage in debates about the validity of various 'development indices' or 'transparency indices' used by international organizations. You should be able to critique how these indices are calculated and what they might overlook. Your vocabulary should include related terms like '加权指数' (weighted index) or '定基指数' (fixed-base index). Furthermore, you should be able to use 指数 in high-level metaphorical ways in literature or persuasive writing to describe the 'intensity' of abstract concepts. You should also be able to recognize and use 指数 in formal government reports or white papers, understanding the subtle implications of changes in these figures for policy and national strategy.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 指数 (zhǐshù) and can use it with total fluidity in any situation, from technical scientific research to abstract philosophical discourse. You understand the deep mathematical foundations of exponentiality and can explain complex concepts like 'logarithmic vs. exponential scales' in Chinese. In socio-economic contexts, you can participate in high-level analysis of global market indices, discussing the nuances of 'volatility indices' (波动率指数) and their impact on global finance. You are sensitive to the rhetorical use of '指数' in political discourse, where it might be used to simplify or even obscure complex realities. You can write academic papers or give professional presentations where 指数 is a key variable, handling its collocations and grammatical structures with perfect accuracy. Beyond technical use, you can appreciate the word's role in the 'quantified self' movement and modern data-centric culture, perhaps even using it creatively in poetry or prose to represent the modern human condition of being reduced to a series of numerical values. Your mastery is such that you can effortlessly switch between its rigid scientific definitions and its most casual, slangy applications.
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مثال‌ها

指数 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Used to measure relative levels (e.g., stock market or UV levels).
  • Represents an exponent or power in mathematical formulas.
  • Commonly follows a specific category like 'Price' or 'Happiness'.
  • Indicates a comparative value rather than an absolute count.

The Chinese term 指数 (zhǐshù) is a multifaceted noun that bridges the gap between everyday observations and rigorous scientific or economic analysis. At its core, it refers to a numerical value that represents the level, magnitude, or change of a specific phenomenon relative to a baseline or other variables. In English, we most commonly translate it as 'index' or 'exponent', depending on the context of the conversation.

Statistical Context
In statistics and economics, 指数 is used to quantify complex data sets into a single, understandable figure. For instance, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is known as 消费物价指数 (xiāofèi wùjià zhǐshù). It allows people to track inflation and purchasing power over time. When you hear news anchors discussing the stock market, they will invariably mention the 'stock index' or 股票指数 (gǔpiào zhǐshù), which summarizes the performance of a group of stocks.
Mathematical Context
In the realm of mathematics, 指数 refers to an exponent or power. In the expression 2³, the number 3 is the 指数. This usage is fundamental in algebra and calculus, particularly when discussing exponential growth, known as 指数增长 (zhǐshù zēngzhǎng). This term has migrated into general speech to describe anything that increases at an accelerating and extremely rapid rate.
Lifestyle and Environmental Context
Modern daily life in China involves checking various 'indices' on smartphone apps. The most common is the Air Quality Index or 空气质量指数 (kōngqì zhìliàng zhǐshù), which tells residents whether it is safe to exercise outdoors. Similarly, during the summer, people check the UV Index or 紫外线指数 (zǐwàixiàn zhǐshù) to decide if they need sunscreen or an umbrella. Even abstract concepts like 'Happiness' are now quantified as the 幸福指数 (xìngfú zhǐshù).

随着经济的发展，人民的幸福指数不断提高。 (With economic development, people's happiness index is constantly improving.)

Example of '指数' used to describe a social metric.

The versatility of 指数 lies in its ability to turn abstract qualities into measurable quantities. Whether a scientist is calculating radioactive decay using exponential functions or a social worker is measuring the 'hardship index' of a neighborhood, the word provides a standard framework for comparison. It is a word of precision and comparison.

由于降雨，今天的紫外线指数很低。 (Due to the rain, the UV index today is very low.)

Understanding 指数 requires recognizing its role as a comparative tool. It is rarely an absolute number in isolation; it is a number that gains meaning through its relationship with other data points. If the stock index is 3000 today, that number only matters if we know it was 2800 yesterday or 3500 last year. Thus, whenever you see 指数, think of 'relativity' and 'measurement'.

数学老师正在讲解指数函数的性质。 (The math teacher is explaining the properties of exponential functions.)

这个城市的物价指数上涨得很快。 (The price index of this city is rising very quickly.)

这种病毒的传播速度呈指数级增长。 (The spread rate of this virus is showing exponential growth.)

Using 指数 correctly involves identifying the specific domain you are discussing. Because the word covers everything from weather to high-level mathematics, its grammatical placement is usually as the head of a noun phrase. You describe the 'type' of index first, followed by 指数.

As a Subject
When 指数 is the subject, it is often followed by verbs of change like 上涨 (shàngzhǎng - rise), 下跌 (xiàdiē - fall), or 超过 (chāoguò - exceed). For example: '股票指数下跌了百分之二' (The stock index fell by two percent). Here, the index itself is the actor performing the action of falling.
As an Object
As an object, it often follows verbs like 测量 (cèliáng - measure), 计算 (jìsuàn - calculate), or 发布 (fābù - release/publish). For example: '政府每月发布消费者价格指数' (The government releases the Consumer Price Index every month). In this context, the index is the result of a process.
In Adjectival Phrases
When describing growth or speed, 指数 is often used with the suffix 级 (jí - level) to create the phrase '指数级' (exponential level). This functions like an adjective or adverb. '技术进步呈指数级增长' (Technological progress is growing at an exponential rate). This is a very common way to emphasize extreme speed.

我们需要计算这个公式中的指数。 (We need to calculate the exponent in this formula.)

Mathematical usage where 指数 is the object of the verb 'calculate'.

One important grammatical note is that 指数 is a countable concept but often treated as an abstract mass noun in general conversation. You don't usually say '一个指数' unless you are specifically referring to one type of index among many. Instead, you name the index directly. For example, rather than saying 'a weather index,' you say 'the weather index' (天气指数).

今天的空气质量指数是150，属于中度污染。 (Today's Air Quality Index is 150, which is moderate pollution.)

In business writing, 指数 is frequently used in comparative structures. You might compare the 指数 of two different cities or two different time periods using the 'A比B + 指数 + 高/低' pattern. For example: '北京的消费指数比上海高' (Beijing's consumption index is higher than Shanghai's).

该地区的犯罪指数在过去十年中有所下降。 (The crime index in this area has decreased over the past ten years.)

他在社交媒体上的影响力指数非常高。 (His influence index on social media is very high.)

这种投资方式的风险指数较大。 (The risk index of this investment method is relatively large.)

If you live in a Chinese-speaking environment, 指数 is likely a word you will encounter daily, even if you aren't an economist or a mathematician. Its prevalence in modern media and technology has made it an essential part of the contemporary Chinese lexicon.

The Morning News and Weather Apps
Every morning, millions of people check their weather apps. You will see sections like '穿衣指数' (Chuānyī zhǐshù - Dressing Index), which suggests what to wear based on the temperature, or '洗车指数' (Xǐchē zhǐshù - Car Wash Index), which tells you if it's a good day to wash your car based on the rain forecast. These are practical, everyday applications of the word 指数.
Financial Reports
On television news or financial websites like Sina Finance, you will hear about the '上证指数' (Shàngzhèng zhǐshù - Shanghai Composite Index) or the '纳斯达克指数' (Nàsīdákè zhǐshù - Nasdaq Index). For investors, these indices are the pulse of the economy.
Academic and Scientific Settings
In a Chinese high school or university math classroom, 指数 is a core vocabulary word. Students learn about '指数方程' (exponential equations) and '指数分布' (exponential distribution). In biology, researchers might talk about the '多样性指数' (diversity index) of an ecosystem.

根据最新的空气质量指数，今天不建议户外运动。 (According to the latest Air Quality Index, outdoor sports are not recommended today.)

A common health warning seen on Chinese apps.

Beyond these formal settings, 指数 has also entered the slang and pop-culture lexicon. On social media platforms like Weibo or Xiaohongshu, users might talk about the '心动指数' (Heartbeat/Attraction Index) of a new celebrity or the '推荐指数' (Recommendation Index) of a restaurant. It has become a shorthand for 'rating' or 'level of intensity'.

上证指数今天突破了三千点大关。 (The Shanghai Composite Index broke through the 3,000-point mark today.)

In professional environments, managers might look at '绩效指数' (Performance Index) to evaluate employee productivity. In real estate, people discuss the '房价指数' (House Price Index) to decide when to buy a home. The word is everywhere because data-driven decision-making is a cornerstone of modern Chinese society.

这本小说的烧脑指数非常高，需要仔细阅读。 (This novel's 'brain-burning' index is very high; it requires careful reading.)

这个景点的排队指数通常在周末会激增。 (The queuing index for this scenic spot usually surges on weekends.)

数学竞赛中的指数运算考察了学生的逻辑能力。 (Exponential operations in math competitions test students' logical abilities.)

While 指数 is a relatively straightforward term, learners often confuse it with other similar-sounding or related mathematical and statistical terms. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Chinese sound much more professional and precise.

Mistaking '指数' for '指标' (zhǐbiāo)
This is the most frequent error. While both relate to measurement, 指标 (Target/Indicator) usually refers to a goal or a specific criterion to be met, whereas 指数 (Index) is a statistical summary or a relative number. For example, a sales 'target' is a 销售指标, but the 'sales growth index' is a 销售增长指数. Think of 指标 as a 'target' and 指数 as a 'measurement'.
Confusing '指数' with '数字' (shùzì)
Learners sometimes use 指数 when they simply mean 'number' or 'digit'. 数字 is a general term for any numeral. 指数 is a specific type of number derived from a calculation or comparison. You wouldn't say 'My phone index is...', you would say 'My phone number (号码) is...'.
Incorrect Mathematical Usage
In math, don't confuse 指数 (exponent) with 底数 (dǐshù - base). In 5², 5 is the 底数 and 2 is the 指数. Also, don't confuse it with 系数 (xìshù - coefficient), which is the number multiplying a variable (e.g., the '3' in 3x).

❌ 错误：这个月的销售指数是十万台。
✅ 正确：这个月的销售指标是十万台。 (The sales target for this month is 100,000 units.)

Using 'index' when 'target' is meant is a common error.

Another mistake involves the scale. Since indices are relative, simply stating a 指数 without context can be meaningless. In English, we might say 'The index is 50.' In Chinese, you should ensure you are specifying what the 50 represents (e.g., 50点 or 50%).

❌ 错误：他的数学指数很好。
✅ 正确：他的数学成绩很好。 (His math grades are very good.)

Finally, be careful with the phrase '指数级'. While it's used metaphorically to mean 'very fast,' using it for linear growth is factually and linguistically incorrect. Use it only when the rate of increase is itself increasing.

❌ 错误：我每天背单词的数量呈指数级增长。(Unless you are doubling the amount every day, this sounds exaggerated.)

To truly master 指数, you must understand its neighbors in the semantic field of measurement and mathematics. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are talking about goals, ratios, or specific data points.

指数 (zhǐshù) vs. 指标 (zhǐbiāo)
As mentioned, 指数 is a statistical index (like the CPI or a stock index). 指标 is a target, quota, or indicator. Example: '我们需要达到今年的利润指标' (We need to reach this year's profit target) vs. '利润指数显示公司正在好转' (The profit index shows the company is improving).
指数 (zhǐshù) vs. 系数 (xìshù)
系数 translates as 'coefficient' or 'factor'. It is usually a constant multiplier in a formula. While 指数 is an exponent (the power), 系数 is the number in front of the variable. In physics, you might hear about the 'friction coefficient' (摩擦系数). It is a fixed property, whereas an index is often a changing summary.
指数 (zhǐshù) vs. 幂 (mì)
In math, 幂 refers to the 'power' or the result of the exponentiation. While 指数 is the small number at the top, 幂 is the whole concept or the result. '2的3次幂' means '2 to the power of 3'.
指数 (zhǐshù) vs. 比例 (bǐlì)
比例 means 'proportion' or 'ratio'. It is a simple relationship between two numbers (e.g., 2:1). An index is more complex, often involving a weighted average of many different factors over time.

这里的安全系数很高，你可以放心。 (The safety factor here is very high; you can rest assured.)

Example using 'coefficient/factor' instead of 'index'.

When you want to be less formal, you might use words like 程度 (chéngdù - degree) or 水平 (shuǐpíng - level). For example, instead of '幸福指数', you could say '幸福程度' (degree of happiness). However, 指数 sounds more 'scientific' and 'data-backed'.

这个项目的成功取决于多个关键指标。 (The success of this project depends on several key indicators.)

男女比例失调是一个社会问题。 (The gender ratio imbalance is a social problem.)

我们需要提高生产效率。 (We need to improve production efficiency.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

今天的紫外线指数高吗？

Is the UV index high today?

Subject (紫外线指数) + Adjective (高) + Question particle (吗).

2

我不喜欢空气质量指数不好的天气。

I don't like weather with a bad air quality index.

Using '指数' as part of a descriptive phrase for 'weather'.

3

看，这个指数在变。

Look, this index is changing.

Simple sentence with '在' indicating ongoing action.

4

这个指数是什么意思？

What does this index mean?

Basic 'what' question structure.

5

北京的指数很高。

Beijing's index is very high.

Possessive structure (北京的) + Subject (指数).

6

这个指数是五。

This index is five.

Basic A is B (是) sentence.

7

你要看这个指数。

You need to look at this index.

Modal verb '要' (need to) + Action.

8

指数不重要。

The index is not important.

Negation '不' + Adjective.

1

根据穿衣指数，今天应该穿大衣。

According to the dressing index, you should wear a coat today.

'根据' (according to) is a common preposition used with '指数'.

2

现在的物价指数比去年高。

The current price index is higher than last year.

Comparison structure 'A 比 B + Adjective'.

3

洗车指数显示今天不适合洗车。

The car wash index shows it's not suitable to wash the car today.

Subject (洗车指数) + Verb (显示) + Clause.

4

这个城市的幸福指数排名第一。

This city's happiness index ranks first.

'排名' (to rank) often follows a specific index.

5

他在看股票指数的变化。

He is looking at the changes in the stock index.

Possessive '...的变化' (changes of...).

6

紫外线指数太强了，别出去。

The UV index is too strong, don't go out.

Adjective + '了' for emphasis.

7

我们需要关注这个指数。

We need to pay attention to this index.

'关注' (pay attention to) is a common verb for '指数'.

8

这个指数代表了什么？

What does this index represent?

Verb '代表' (represent) + '了' for completion.

1

在数学课上，我们学习了指数函数。

In math class, we learned about exponential functions.

Compound noun '指数函数' (exponential function).

2

消费者价格指数是衡量通货膨胀的重要工具。

The Consumer Price Index is an important tool for measuring inflation.

Complex subject '消费者价格指数'.

3

如果指数继续下跌，投资者会很担心。

If the index continues to fall, investors will be very worried.

Conditional '如果... (就)...'.

4

这个公式里的指数是三。

The exponent in this formula is three.

Using '指数' to mean mathematical power.

5

该地区的健康指数有了明显的提高。

The health index of the region has improved significantly.

'有了...的提高' (has had an improvement).

6

这个景点的受欢迎指数非常高。

This scenic spot's popularity index is very high.

Abstract noun '受欢迎' + '指数'.

7

我们需要比较不同年份的指数。

We need to compare the indices of different years.

Verb '比较' (compare) + Object.

8

虽然指数很高，但并不代表一切。

Although the index is high, it doesn't represent everything.

Conjunction '虽然...但...' (although... but...).

1

互联网用户数量在过去几年呈指数级增长。

The number of internet users has grown exponentially over the past few years.

Adverbial phrase '呈指数级' (showing an exponential level).

2

上证指数的波动反映了市场的心理变化。

Fluctuations in the Shanghai Composite Index reflect changes in market psychology.

'波动' (fluctuation) as a subject relating to the index.

3

专家指出，该指数的计算方法存在缺陷。

Experts pointed out that there are flaws in the calculation method of the index.

Reporting verb '指出' (point out) + Clause.

4

我们要区分经济指标和统计指数。

We need to distinguish between economic indicators and statistical indices.

Verb '区分' (distinguish) + A and B.

5

这个指数的基期被设定为2010年。

The base period for this index was set to the year 2010.

Passive structure '被' + Verb '设定' (set).

6

该城市的宜居指数在全国名列前茅。

The city's livability index is among the best in the country.

Idiomatic expression '名列前茅' (rank among the best).

7

由于数据不足，该指数无法准确计算。

Due to insufficient data, the index cannot be calculated accurately.

'由于' (due to) explaining the cause.

8

指数的上升并不一定意味着经济繁荣。

A rise in the index does not necessarily mean economic prosperity.

'并不一定意味着' (doesn't necessarily mean).

1

在金融危机期间，恐慌指数达到了历史最高点。

During the financial crisis, the 'fear index' (VIX) reached an all-time high.

Metaphorical use of '指数' in finance.

2

这种算法利用了指数衰减来优化权重。

This algorithm utilizes exponential decay to optimize weights.

Technical term '指数衰减' (exponential decay).

3

我们要审视这些指数背后的社会学意义。

We need to examine the sociological significance behind these indices.

Formal verb '审视' (examine/scrutinize).

4

加权平均指数更能客观地反映整体趋势。

A weighted average index can more objectively reflect the overall trend.

Technical term '加权平均指数'.

5

该论文深入探讨了指数分布在可靠性工程中的应用。

The paper explores in depth the application of exponential distribution in reliability engineering.

Formal academic sentence structure.

6

透明度指数已成为衡量政府效能的关键维度。

The transparency index has become a key dimension for measuring government effectiveness.

Using '指数' as a key sociological metric.

7

指数的滞后性可能导致政策制定的偏差。

The lagging nature of indices may lead to deviations in policy-making.

Abstract noun '滞后性' (lag/delayed nature).

8

这种现象的复杂性无法仅用一个指数来概括。

The complexity of this phenomenon cannot be summarized by a single index alone.

Structure '无法仅用...来概括' (cannot be summarized only by...).

1

在后现代语境下，一切价值似乎都被量化成了各种指数。

In a postmodern context, all values seem to have been quantified into various indices.

Abstract philosophical application of the term.

2

该项研究对指数平滑法在非线性预测中的局限性进行了剖析。

The study analyzed the limitations of exponential smoothing in non-linear forecasting.

Advanced verb '剖析' (to analyze/dissect).

3

资本市场对这些宏观经济指数的细微波动表现出极度的敏感。

Capital markets exhibit extreme sensitivity to subtle fluctuations in these macroeconomic indices.

Sophisticated vocabulary like '细微波动' and '极度敏感'.

4

我们需要警惕那些旨在操纵民意的所谓“民调指数”。

We must be wary of so-called 'polling indices' aimed at manipulating public opinion.

Critical and formal tone.

5

指数函数在描述生物种群爆发式增长时具有无可替代的数学美感。

Exponential functions possess an irreplaceable mathematical beauty when describing the explosive growth of biological populations.

Highly descriptive and academic language.

6

这种跨学科的研究方法试图构建一个全新的文明演进指数。

This interdisciplinary research method attempts to construct a brand-new civilization evolution index.

Complex noun phrase '文明演进指数'.

7

指数的建构过程本身就蕴含着某种特定的意识形态偏见。

The construction process of an index itself contains a certain specific ideological bias.

Philosophical critique of data construction.

8

在量化自我的浪潮中，人们对各类生理指数的迷恋已达到极致。

In the wave of the quantified self, people's obsession with various physiological indices has reached its peak.

Sociological observation using '指数'.

مترادف‌ها

指标 系数 标准 幂

متضادها

底数 基数
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محتوای مرتبط

این کلمه در زبان‌های دیگر

指数 اليابانية
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