Voix Passive : Formation de Base (be + V3)
be + V3 te permet de changer l'accent de tes phrases et de communiquer efficacement.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The passive voice shifts focus from who did the action to who or what received it using 'be' plus the third verb form.
- Use a form of 'be' (am/is/are/was/were) that matches the tense. Example: 'The cake is made.'
- Always use the Past Participle (V3) of the main verb. Example: 'The letter was written.'
- Add 'by' only if the person doing the action is important. Example: 'It was painted by Picasso.'
Overview
be + V3 est indispensable. En français, nous avons tendance à abuser du pronom indéfini « on » pour éviter de nommer le sujet (par exemple : « On a fermé la porte »).The door was closed de manière naturelle et élégante.- Voix active :
The chef (S) prepared (V) the meal (O).(Le chef a préparé le repas). - Voix passive :
The meal (S) was prepared (V) by the chef.(Le repas a été préparé par le chef).
the meal) devient le sujet de la phrase passive. C'est un pivotement à 180 degrés. En français, nous utilisons exactement le même mécanisme avec l'auxiliaire « être ».by. En français, on utilise « par ». C'est une similitude rassurante !by someone car l'intérêt de la voix passive est justement de ne pas avoir à mentionner l'auteur de l'action.be (conjugué) + Past Participle |by (optionnel) |be + Past Participle (V3).be qui porte tout le poids du temps de la phrase. Le participe passé (V3), lui, reste immuable. Si tu veux parler au présent, tu conjugues be au présent.be au passé. C'est aussi simple que cela.be selon les temps les plus fréquents pour un niveau B1 :be | Exemple (Passive Voice) |am / is / are | The emails are sent every morning. |was / were | The window was broken yesterday. |has been / have been | The project has been completed. |will be | The results will be published soon. |can be / must be | The rules must be followed. |-ed (comme pour le Past Simple). Mais pour les verbes irréguliers, il faut utiliser la troisième colonne de tes listes de verbes. C'est là que beaucoup de francophones trébuchent.V3 :write→wrote(V2) →written(V3)take→took(V2) →taken(V3)make→made(V2) →made(V3)see→saw(V2) →seen(V3)
The boy was seen et The girls were seen. Pas de « e » ou de « s » à ajouter à seen.- 1Quand l'auteur de l'action est inconnu :
- Anglais :
My car was stolen! - Français : « On a volé ma voiture ! » (Ici, le passif anglais remplace notre « on »).
- 1Quand l'action est plus importante que l'auteur :
The meeting was cancelled.(La réunion a été annulée). Peu importe qui l'a annulée, l'important est que tu n'as pas besoin d'y aller.
- 1Pour être diplomate ou éviter de blâmer :
You made a mistake (Tu as fait une erreur), ce qui est très direct et un peu agressif, on dira A mistake was made (Une erreur a été commise). Cela permet de se concentrer sur la solution plutôt que sur le coupable.- 1Dans un contexte scientifique ou académique :
The data was analyzed using new software.(Les données ont été analysées...). Cela fait plus professionnel que de direI analyzed the data.
- 1Quand l'agent est évident :
The thief was arrested.(Le voleur a été arrêté). On se doute bien que c'est par la police, il est donc inutile de préciserby the police.
- Confondre le
Past Simpleet lePassive Voice:
be.The letter sent yesterday.The letter was sent yesterday.be est obligatoire.- Utiliser la
V2au lieu de laV3:
The book was wrote by Orwell.The book was written by Orwell.wrote), mais la voix passive exige impérativement la troisième forme (written).- L'accord du participe passé :
They were takens.They were taken.taken est invariable. C'est un cadeau, profite-en !- Le piège du verbe « naître » :
I am born in Paris.I was born in Paris.be au passé (was) + born (V3 du verbe bear).be ou des participes passés. Comparons-les pour y voir plus clair.- Passive :
The door was closed by the guard at 10 PM.(Ici, on décrit l'action de fermer). - Adjectif :
The door was closed when I arrived.(Ici, on décrit l'état de la porte, elle était déjà fermée).
by someone, c'est du passif.I have cleaned the room. | J'ai fait l'action. |The room has been cleaned. | La chambre a été nettoyée par quelqu'un. |The room is cleaned every day. | C'est une habitude, une règle. |I was told that... | Très fréquent en anglais. |Tickets are sold here. | Plus naturel que People sell tickets. |Your bag was found. | On se concentre sur le sac. |I ate an apple → An apple was eaten. Mais tu ne peux pas mettre au passif un verbe comme to go ou to sleep. On ne peut pas dire « Un dodo a été dormi ».was ou has been au passif ?yesterday, in 2010), utilise le Past Simple Passive (was / were + V3). Si l'action vient de se terminer ou a un impact sur le présent sans date précise, utilise le Present Perfect Passive (has been / have been + V3).by est obligatoire ?This song was written by Adele).2. Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
is not
|
isn't
|
Singular Present
|
|
are not
|
aren't
|
Plural Present
|
|
was not
|
wasn't
|
Singular Past
|
|
were not
|
weren't
|
Plural Past
|
Passive Voice: Tense Formation
| Tense | Be Form | Past Participle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
am / is / are
|
V3
|
The mail is delivered.
|
|
Past Simple
|
was / were
|
V3
|
The mail was delivered.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
am/is/are being
|
V3
|
The mail is being delivered.
|
|
Past Continuous
|
was/were being
|
V3
|
The mail was being delivered.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
have / has been
|
V3
|
The mail has been delivered.
|
|
Future (Will)
|
will be
|
V3
|
The mail will be delivered.
|
|
Modals
|
can/must/should be
|
V3
|
The mail must be delivered.
|
Meanings
A grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence is the person or thing affected by the action, rather than the one performing it.
Focus on the Object
Used when the thing receiving the action is more important than who did it.
“The pyramids were built thousands of years ago.”
“My car is being repaired today.”
Unknown or Obvious Agent
Used when we don't know who did the action, or it is so obvious we don't need to say it.
“My bike was stolen last night!”
“The thief was arrested at the scene.”
Formal/Polite Distance
Used to sound more objective or to avoid blaming someone directly.
“A mistake has been made in your account.”
“Smoking is not permitted in this area.”
Reference Table
| Temps | `Be` Form | Exemple (Voix Active) | Exemple (Voix Passive) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Présent Simple
|
`is / are`
|
He eats an apple.
|
An apple **is eaten**.
|
|
Passé Simple
|
`was / were`
|
She wrote a letter.
|
A letter **was written**.
|
|
Présent Continu
|
`is / are being`
|
They are building a house.
|
A house **is being built**.
|
|
Passé Continu
|
`was / were being`
|
He was fixing the car.
|
The car **was being fixed**.
|
|
Présent Parfait
|
`has / have been`
|
She has read the book.
|
The book **has been read**.
|
|
Passé Parfait
|
`had been`
|
I had finished the report.
|
The report **had been finished**.
|
|
Futur Simple
|
`will be`
|
They will announce the news.
|
The news **will be announced**.
|
|
Verbes Modaux
|
`modal + be`
|
You must finish the task.
|
The task **must be finished**.
|
Spectre de formalité
The mobile device was misappropriated. (Reporting a theft)
My phone was stolen. (Reporting a theft)
My phone got nicked. (Reporting a theft)
My blower was jacked. (Reporting a theft)
Voix Passive : Les Bases
Composants Clés
- `Be` Verb S'accorde avec le temps & le sujet
- `Past Participle` (V3) Troisième forme du verbe (ex: done, eaten)
Quand l'utiliser
- Acteur Inconnu/Sans Importance The crime was committed.
- Mettre l'Accent sur l'Action/Récepteur The monument was built.
- Formalité/Objectivité Research was conducted.
De l'Actif au Passif
- Objet ➡️ Sujet The ball was hit.
- Verbe Actif ➡️ be + V3 They hit the ball.
- (Optionnel) par Agent by the player.
Erreurs Courantes
- Manque de 'Be' The email sent. (🚫)
- Mauvaise Forme de 'Be' The books was read. (🚫)
- Mauvais V3 The cake was ate. (🚫)
Voix Active vs. Passive
Former la Voix Passive de Base
Veux-tu mettre l'accent sur l'action ou le récepteur ?
Identifie l'objet de la phrase active.
Quel est le temps du verbe actif ?
Quel est le participe passé (V3) du verbe principal ?
L'acteur (agent) est-il important à mentionner ?
Exemples de Temps pour la Voix Passive
Présent
- • is eaten
- • are read
- • is being built
Passé
- • was written
- • were found
- • was being repaired
Parfait
- • has been sent
- • have been reviewed
- • had been forgotten
Futur / Modaux
- • will be delivered
- • can be done
- • should be discussed
Exemples par niveau
The apple is eaten.
L'apple est mangée.
The letters are sent.
Les lettres sont envoyées.
The car is washed.
La voiture est lavée.
The door is closed.
La porte est fermée.
The cake was made by my mom.
Le gâteau a été fait par ma mère.
The windows were cleaned yesterday.
Les fenêtres ont été nettoyées hier.
Is the homework finished?
Est-ce que les devoirs sont finis ?
The movie was not filmed in London.
Le film n'a pas été tourné à Londres.
The documents were stolen from the office.
Les documents ont été volés au bureau.
Rice is grown in many Asian countries.
Le riz est cultivé dans de nombreux pays asiatiques.
The meeting was cancelled at the last minute.
La réunion a été annulée à la dernière minute.
These smartphones are produced in China.
Ces smartphones sont produits en Chine.
The suspect is being questioned by the police.
Le suspect est en train d'être interrogé par la police.
The project should be completed by Friday.
Le projet devrait être terminé d'ici vendredi.
It was discovered that the data was incorrect.
Il a été découvert que les données étaient incorrectes.
He was given a second chance to explain.
On lui a donné une seconde chance de s'expliquer.
The law is widely believed to be unfair.
On croit généralement que la loi est injuste.
The city was devastated by the earthquake.
La ville a été dévastée par le tremblement de terre.
Having been warned twice, he still entered.
Ayant été averti deux fois, il est quand même entré.
The results are to be published next month.
Les résultats doivent être publiés le mois prochain.
The nuances were lost in translation.
Les nuances se sont perdues dans la traduction.
Provision was made for the refugees.
Des dispositions ont été prises pour les réfugiés.
The decision was arrived at after much deliberation.
La décision a été prise après de longues délibérations.
It is often argued that the system is flawed.
On soutient souvent que le système est défectueux.
Facile à confondre
Learners confuse 'The door was closed' (someone closed it) with 'The door was closed' (it was not open).
Learners mix up 'is done' and 'has been done'.
Trying to make verbs like 'arrive', 'go', or 'die' passive.
Erreurs courantes
The cake eaten.
The cake is eaten.
I am eat.
I am eaten.
The car was wash.
The car was washed.
They are make in Italy.
They are made in Italy.
The letter was wrote.
The letter was written.
The windows was cleaned.
The windows were cleaned.
It was happened yesterday.
It happened yesterday.
The work is been done.
The work has been done.
I was borned in 1990.
I was born in 1990.
The house is building.
The house is being built.
He was died in the war.
He died in the war.
Structures de phrases
The ___ was ___ by ___.
___ is grown/made/produced in ___.
I was told that ___.
It is said that ___.
Real World Usage
Local man was awarded the medal of honor.
The solution was heated to 100 degrees.
All dishes are served with a side salad.
The suspect was seen fleeing the bank.
Made in Vietnam.
Your post was liked by 50 people.
Repérer le Passif
The cake was eaten quickly.Facile, non ?
N'oublie Pas 'Be'
The decision made, c'est faux. Il faut dire The decision *was* made.Ta phrase ne sonnera pas juste sans lui !
Quand Utiliser 'By'
The report was written by me.
Le Passif dans les Contextes Officiels
Research was conducted to assess the impact.
Vérifie Ton V3
The news was *broadcasted*, ça sonne faux ; il faut dire
The news was *broadcast*.Une petite vérification peut t'éviter de paraître un peu rouillé(e).
Smart Tips
Use the passive voice to avoid using 'I' too much. It makes your writing sound more objective.
Use the passive voice to focus on the mistake rather than the person.
Use the present simple passive to describe steps that always happen.
Check if the verb before it is 'be + V3'. If it is, you are looking at a passive sentence.
Prononciation
Weak form of 'was'
In the passive voice, 'was' is usually unstressed and sounds like /wəz/.
Linking 'is' and 'are'
When 'is' or 'are' precedes a vowel-starting V3, they link together.
Focus Intonation
The WINDOW was broken (not the door).
Stress the subject to emphasize which object received the action.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
BE + V3 = Passive for me!
Association visuelle
Imagine a robot (the 'be' verb) holding a finished trophy (the V3/Past Participle). The robot doesn't do the work; it just shows the result.
Rhyme
When the doer is a mystery, use 'be' and 'V3' for history.
Story
A thief stole a diamond. The police don't know who he is. They tell the news: 'The diamond was stolen!' They focus on the diamond because the thief is a ghost.
Word Web
Défi
Look around your room. Find 5 objects and describe them using the passive voice (e.g., 'The bed is made', 'The light is turned off').
Notes culturelles
The 'get-passive' (e.g., 'I got sacked') is very common in informal British English to describe negative events.
In English-speaking universities, the passive voice was traditionally required for science reports to sound objective, though this is slowly changing.
Governments often use the passive to avoid taking direct responsibility for mistakes.
The English passive voice evolved from Old English, which used the verbs 'weorthan' (to become) and 'beon' (to be) with a past participle.
Amorces de conversation
Tell me about a famous building in your city. When was it built?
Have you ever had something stolen? What was taken?
What are some traditional dishes in your country? How are they made?
If you could change one law, which one would be changed?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
The new library ___ opened next month.
Find and fix the mistake:
The concert cancelled because of the rain.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesThe mail ___ (deliver) every morning at 9 AM.
Find and fix the mistake:
The book was wrote by a famous author.
The windows ___ (clean) last week.
The food ___.
You can use the passive voice with the verb 'to go'.
A: Where is your car? B: It ___ (repair) at the garage right now.
Identify the passive construction.
Active: 'Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMany photos ___ uploaded to social media daily.
The project deadline been extended.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Das Haus wurde letztes Jahr verkauft.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
The new software update has ___ by millions of users.
The decision takes by the committee.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Neue Regeln werden eingeführt.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with their V3 form:
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
Only use `by` when the person or thing doing the action is important or necessary to understand the sentence. If the doer is unknown or obvious, leave it out.
No. Only 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object, like 'eat', 'buy', 'fix') can be passive. 'Intransitive' verbs like 'sleep', 'arrive', or 'die' cannot.
Not at all! While some teachers prefer the active voice for being direct, the passive is essential for scientific, legal, and formal contexts.
`Is made` is for general facts or routines (Present Simple), while `was made` is for a specific completed action in the past (Past Simple).
Move the 'be' verb to the front of the sentence. For example: 'Was the letter sent?'
Because the event (the action) is usually more important than the specific person who did it, or the doer is unknown.
Yes, in informal speech. 'I got fired' is a common way to say 'I was fired'.
It can be! If it means 'Someone closed the door,' it is passive. If it just describes the door, 'closed' is an adjective.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
La pasiva con 'ser' or 'se' pasiva
English uses the passive much more frequently than Spanish in everyday speech.
La voix passive
French past participles must agree in gender and number with the subject, unlike English.
Passiv (werden/sein)
German uses 'werden' (to become) for the active process of the passive.
受動態 (judōtai)
Japanese can use the passive with intransitive verbs, which is impossible in English.
المبني للمجهول (al-mabni lil-majhul)
Arabic passive is formed by changing the verb itself, not by adding a helper verb.
被动句 (bèidòng jù)
In Chinese, the passive often implies a negative or unfortunate event.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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