Verbes à particule anglais : petits mots, grandes significations (get up, turn on)
phrasal verbs te donnera un anglais super naturel, comme si tu étais un natif.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Phrasal verbs combine a verb with a particle to create a brand new meaning that is often idiomatic.
- The meaning is usually different from the individual words (e.g., 'give up' means stop).
- Only the verb part changes for tense (e.g., 'get up' becomes 'got up').
- If the object is a pronoun, it must go in the middle of separable verbs.
Overview
phrasal verbs. Tu sais, ces petits verbes comme get up, turn off ou look forward to qui semblent changer de sens dès qu'on leur ajoute une petite particule. Pour nous, francophones, c'est souvent l'un des plus grands défis.go up.phrasal verbs sont fondamentaux pour quiconque souhaite atteindre un niveau B1 et au-delà. Ils sont le cœur battant de l'anglais parlé. Sans eux, ton anglais risque de paraître un peu trop formel, presque « scolaire ».I shall extinguish the illumination, on te dira simplement Can you turn off the light?.phrasal verbs, ce n'est pas seulement apprendre du vocabulaire, c'est adopter une nouvelle logique de pensée. Au lieu de chercher un verbe complexe d'origine latine (comme extinguish), l'anglais préfère combiner un verbe de base très simple (turn, get, go, put) avec une particule (up, down, in, out, off) pour créer une image mentale de l'action. C'est une approche très visuelle et dynamique de la langue.phrasal verbs, il faut d'abord accepter une règle d'or : le verbe et sa particule forment une unité de sens unique. Ne cherche pas à traduire get (obtenir) et up (en haut) séparément pour comprendre get up. Ensemble, ils signifient « se lever ».- Exemple :
My car broke down.(Ma voiture est tombée en panne). Ici, l'action s'arrête au verbe. Tu ne peux pas « tomber en panne quelque chose ». - Autre exemple :
The plane took off.(L'avion a décollé).
phrasal verbs sont transitifs, ce qui signifie qu'ils agissent sur quelque chose ou quelqu'un.- Exemple :
I need to turn off the TV.(Je dois éteindre la télé). « La télé » est le complément d'objet.
Turn off the radio.Turn the radio off.
it, them, him, her, me, you), il DOIT se placer au milieu.- Correct :
Turn it off. - Incorrect :
Turn off it.(C'est l'erreur typique des francophones !)
phrasal verb.- Exemple :
I am looking for my keys.->I am looking for them.(On ne dira jamaisI am looking them for).
phrasal verb suit généralement l'un des trois modèles suivants. Comprendre ces schémas t'aidera à anticiper leur comportement grammatical.Put | off | Put off | Reporter | Don't put off your homework. |Take | off | Take off | Enlever (vêtement) | Take your hat off. |Give | up | Give up | Abandonner | Never give up your dreams! |Fill | out | Fill out | Remplir (formulaire) | Fill out this form, please. |Throw | away | Throw away | Jeter | Throw that trash away. |Look | after | Look after | S'occuper de | Can you look after the cat? |Run | into | Run into | Croiser par hasard | I ran into Paul today. |Wait | for | Wait for | Attendre | I'm waiting for the bus. |Believe | in | Believe in | Croire en | Do you believe in ghosts? |Verb + up + with | Put up with | Supporter / Tolérer | I can't put up with this noise. |Verb + out + of | Run out of | Manquer de | We ran out of coffee. |Verb + forward + to | Look forward to | Avoir hâte de | I look forward to meeting you. |Verb + up + with | Catch up with | Rattraper / Rejoindre | Go ahead, I'll catch up with you. |phrasal verbs dépend énormément du contexte. C'est là que tu vas pouvoir montrer que tu maîtrises les nuances de la langue.phrasal verbs sont obligatoires. Utiliser des verbes simples d'origine latine dans ces contextes te ferait paraître trop rigide.- Au lieu de :
I shall return shortly. - Dis plutôt :
I'll be back soonouI'll get back to you. - Au lieu de :
Please continue. - Dis plutôt :
Go on.
phrasal verbs :I wake up at 7.(Je me réveille)I get up 5 minutes later.(Je me lève)I put on my clothes.(Je m'habille)I set off for work.(Je pars au travail)
We need to cut down on costs.(Réduire les coûts)Let's go over the report together.(Passer en revue le rapport)Can you look into this problem?(Examiner ce problème)
Break up(se séparer/rompre) évoque l'idée de quelque chose qui se brise en morceaux.Cheer up(reprendre courage/se remonter le moral) évoque l'idée d'aller vers le haut, vers le positif.
I am looking my keys.- Erreur :
I am looking my keys. - Correction :
I am looking FOR my keys. - Pourquoi ? En anglais,
looktout seul signifie « regarder ». Pour « chercher », il faut impérativement la particulefor.
- Erreur :
I picked up it. - Correction :
I picked it up. - Astuce : Imagine que le verbe et la particule sont les deux mains qui attrapent le petit pronom
itau milieu.
phrasal verbs sont idiomatiques, ce qui signifie que leur sens global n'a rien à voir avec le sens des mots séparés.- Piège :
To make upne signifie pas « fabriquer vers le haut ». Cela peut signifier « inventer » (une histoire) ou « se réconcilier ». - Conseil : Apprends-les comme des blocs de sens, comme si c'était un nouveau mot de vocabulaire unique.
extinguish au lieu de put out ou postpone au lieu de put off. Bien que ce ne soit pas grammaticalement faux, cela sonne très formel. Si tu veux avoir l'air naturel (le fameux sound natural), force-toi à utiliser la version phrasal verb dans tes conversations.phrasal verbs avec leurs équivalents plus formels (souvent d'origine française ou latine). Cela t'aidera à choisir le bon mot selon la situation.Go on | Continue | Continuer |Find out | Discover | Découvrir / Apprendre |Put off | Postpone | Reporter |Call off | Cancel | Annuler |Give up | Surrender / Abandon | Abandonner |Look into | Investigate | Enquêter / Examiner |Get together | Assemble | Se réunir |Make up | Fabricate | Inventer |Porter->Apporter,Emporter,Reporter.
Take->Take in,Take out,Take away.
up, down, in, out) sont souvent séparables. La meilleure méthode reste l'immersion : quand tu entends un nouveau phrasal verb, vérifie toujours s'il est utilisé avec un pronom au milieu.look forward to, fill out, get back to ou set up sont tout à fait appropriés. Évite simplement les plus familiers comme hang out ou mess up dans un contexte très officiel.off (qui exprime souvent l'idée de séparation ou de départ : take off, set off, cut off).Take off peut signifier « décoller » pour un avion, mais aussi « enlever » un vêtement, ou même « avoir du succès » pour un projet. C'est toujours le contexte qui te donnera la réponse.Conjugating 'Wake up'
| Tense | Subject | Verb Form | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I
|
wake
|
up
|
I wake up at 8.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
She
|
is waking
|
up
|
She is waking up now.
|
|
Past Simple
|
They
|
woke
|
up
|
They woke up late.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
He
|
has woken
|
up
|
He has just woken up.
|
|
Future (will)
|
We
|
will wake
|
up
|
We will wake up early.
|
|
Gerund
|
-
|
waking
|
up
|
Waking up is hard.
|
Pronoun Placement (Separable Verbs)
| Object Type | Structure | Correct Example | Incorrect Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Noun
|
Verb + Object + Particle
|
Turn the light off
|
-
|
|
Noun
|
Verb + Particle + Object
|
Turn off the light
|
-
|
|
Pronoun
|
Verb + Pronoun + Particle
|
Turn it off
|
-
|
|
Pronoun
|
Verb + Particle + Pronoun
|
-
|
Turn off it
|
Meanings
A phrasal verb is a combination of a standard verb and a preposition or adverb (a particle) that functions as a single semantic unit.
Literal Movement
The particle indicates a physical direction or position.
“Please sit down on the chair.”
“He walked out of the room.”
Idiomatic/Figurative
The combination creates a completely new meaning unrelated to the original words.
“Don't give up on your dreams!”
“We ran out of milk this morning.”
Aspectual/Completion
The particle indicates that an action is finished or done thoroughly.
“Eat up your vegetables!”
“Drink up, we have to leave.”
Reference Table
| Verbe à Particule | Signification | Exemple (Séparable ?) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
|
get up
|
Rise from bed
|
I `get up` early. (Inseparable)
|
Intransitive
|
|
turn on
|
Activate (device)
|
Please `turn on` the TV. (Separable)
|
Transitive
|
|
look for
|
Search for
|
She's `looking for` her keys. (Inseparable)
|
Transitive
|
|
give up
|
Stop trying / surrender
|
Don't `give up`! (Separable, sometimes intransitive)
|
Transitive/Intransitive
|
|
take off
|
Remove (clothing) / depart (plane)
|
He `took off` his jacket. (Separable)
|
Transitive/Intransitive
|
|
call off
|
Cancel
|
They `called off` the meeting. (Separable)
|
Transitive
|
|
put off
|
Postpone
|
Don't `put off` your homework. (Separable)
|
Transitive
|
|
break down
|
Stop working (machine) / lose control emotionally
|
My car `broke down`. (Intransitive)
|
Intransitive
|
Spectre de formalité
The committee decided to cancel the scheduled meeting. (Business/Social)
They decided to call off the meeting. (Business/Social)
They've scrapped the meeting. (Business/Social)
The meeting's been binned. (Business/Social)
Le Monde des Verbes à Particule
Exemples
- `get up` Se lever du lit
- `turn on` Activer
- `look for` Chercher
Types
- Séparable L'objet peut aller entre le verbe & la particule
- Inséparable L'objet doit aller après la particule
- Intransitif Pas d'objet
Rôles de la Particule
- Préposition par ex., `for`, `on`, `at`
- Adverbe par ex., `up`, `off`, `out`
Idée Clé
- Idiomatique Signification non prévisible des parties
- Contexte Crucial pour la compréhension
Verbes à Particule Séparables vs. Inséparables
Est-ce un Verbe à Particule Séparable ?
Le verbe + la particule créent-ils un nouveau sens idiomatique ?
Le verbe à particule prend-il un objet ?
L'objet est-il un pronom (par ex., `it`, `them`) ?
Verbes à Particule dans la Vie Moderne
Tech & Digital
- • `turn on` the computer
- • `log in` to an account
- • `back up` your files
- • `scroll down`
Socialisation
- • `hang out` with friends
- • `catch up` on news
- • `chill out`
- • `meet up`
Tâches Quotidiennes
- • `get up` in the morning
- • `fill out` a form
- • `put away` clothes
- • `take out` the trash
Apprentissage & Travail
- • `look up` a word
- • `work out` a solution
- • `hand in` an assignment
- • `go over` notes
Exemples par niveau
Please sit down.
Por favor, siéntate.
I get up at 7 AM.
Me levanto a las 7 AM.
Stand up, please.
Levántate, por favor.
Go away!
¡Vete!
Can you turn on the TV?
¿Puedes encender la tele?
I am looking for my keys.
Estoy buscando mis llaves.
Pick up your clothes.
Recoge tu ropa.
He took off his hat.
Él se quitó el sombrero.
I need to look the word up in the dictionary.
Necesito buscar la palabra en el diccionario.
We ran out of coffee.
Nos quedamos sin café.
She gets along with her sister.
Ella se lleva bien con su hermana.
Don't give up now!
¡No te rindas ahora!
The meeting was called off due to the rain.
La reunión fue cancelada debido a la lluvia.
I'll look into the matter and call you back.
Investigaré el asunto y te devolveré la llamada.
He really stands out in a crowd.
Él realmente destaca entre la multitud.
We need to come up with a better plan.
Necesitamos idear un plan mejor.
The company is trying to phase out old technology.
La empresa está intentando retirar gradualmente la tecnología antigua.
I was completely taken aback by his comments.
Me quedé completamente sorprendido por sus comentarios.
You should brush up on your French before the trip.
Deberías repasar tu francés antes del viaje.
The deal fell through at the last minute.
El trato fracasó en el último minuto.
The evidence doesn't quite bear out his theory.
La evidencia no confirma del todo su teoría.
He's always harping on about his glory days.
Él siempre está insistiendo pesadamente sobre sus días de gloria.
We need to iron out the remaining details of the contract.
Necesitamos resolver los detalles restantes del contrato.
The effects of the medication are starting to wear off.
Los efectos de la medicación están empezando a desaparecer.
Facile à confondre
Both start with 'look' but have opposite meanings: searching vs. caring.
One is about lifting/collecting, the other is about choosing.
One is for electronics, the other is for transformation.
Erreurs courantes
I getted up.
I got up.
Sit you down.
Sit down.
I look my keys.
I am looking for my keys.
He standed up.
He stood up.
Turn off it.
Turn it off.
I am looking my cat.
I am looking for my cat.
She is wake uping.
She is waking up.
I'll look the baby after.
I'll look after the baby.
We ran out milk.
We ran out of milk.
I look forward to meet you.
I look forward to meeting you.
The plane took off the ground.
The plane took off.
He brought the issue out.
He brought the issue up.
I'm worn outed.
I'm worn out.
Structures de phrases
I usually ___ (verb) up at ___ (time).
Can you please turn ___ (object) ___ (particle)?
I've ___ (verb) out of ___ (noun).
I'm really looking forward to ___ (verb-ing).
Real World Usage
Hey, what are you up to?
I'm looking for a role where I can grow.
What time does the plane take off?
The driver will drop off your food soon.
Check out my new vlog!
Try to log in again after resetting.
Apprends-les en Contexte
pick up (assimiler) leurs nuances naturellement.Alerte Placement du Pronom !
phrasal verb séparable est un pronom (comme it, them), il *doit* se placer entre le verbe et la particule. Par exemple, turn it on, *jamais* turn on it.Crée des Aides Visuelles
phrasal verb. Les associations visuelles peuvent aider des significations abstraites à stick out (se démarquer) et être plus faciles à retenir, surtout pour get up ou turn off.Adopte le Côté Décontracté
phrasal verbs sont la marque de l'anglais décontracté et quotidien. Les utiliser correctement rendra tes conversations plus authentiques, que tu envoies un message à un ami ou que tu parles à un café. N'aie pas peur de try them out (les essayer) !Smart Tips
Keep the verb and particle together. It is almost always grammatically safe to say 'Turn off the light', but it is risky to say 'Turn the light off' if you aren't sure.
Always put them in the middle if the verb is separable. This is a non-negotiable rule of English rhythm.
Check if it means 'completely'. If someone says 'clean up', they don't mean clean in an upward direction; they mean clean the whole thing.
Scan for phrasal verbs and try to replace them with single-word synonyms to sound more professional.
Prononciation
Stress on the Particle
In phrasal verbs, the stress usually falls on the particle, not the verb.
Linking
If the verb ends in a consonant and the particle begins with a vowel, they link together.
Rising on Particle
Did you wake UP? ↗
Standard yes/no question intonation emphasizing the action.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
The 'Pronoun Sandwich': The pronoun is the meat, and the verb and particle are the bread. The meat always goes in the middle!
Association visuelle
Imagine a light switch. When you 'turn it on', you are physically connecting two parts. When you 'turn it off', you are separating them. This helps remember the 'on/off' logic of many phrasal verbs.
Rhyme
If it's a pronoun like 'it' or 'them', Put it in the middle, again and again!
Story
I woke up (1) and put on (2) my shoes. I went out (3) to look for (4) a cafe. I ran out of (5) money, so I had to go back (6) home.
Word Web
Défi
Look around your room. Find 5 objects and say a sentence for each using a phrasal verb (e.g., 'I need to put away my laptop').
Notes culturelles
Americans say 'fill out' a form, while British speakers usually say 'fill in' a form.
The phrasal verb 'faff around' is common in the UK to mean wasting time, but rarely used in the US.
Australians often use 'reckon' in phrasal-like structures or 'give it a go' for trying something.
Phrasal verbs are a core feature of Germanic languages (like Old English, German, and Dutch).
Amorces de conversation
What time do you usually get up on weekends?
Have you ever given up a hobby? Why?
Who do you look up to the most in your life?
How do you come up with new ideas for your work or studies?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
Can you please `turn ___` the lights when you leave?
turn off) signifie mettre quelque chose (comme les lumières ou un appareil) hors tension.Find and fix the mistake:
I can't `look my keys for` anywhere.
Look for est un verbe à particule inséparable. L'objet 'my keys' doit venir après l'ensemble du verbe à particule.Choose the correct sentence:
Give up est généralement utilisé comme un verbe à particule inséparable avec un gérondif (comme 'smoking') ou un nom qui fait référence à une habitude ou une activité. Bien que give it up soit correct avec un pronom, give smoking up est moins courant que give up smoking.Translate into English: 'Ella se levantó temprano para ir a trabajar.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Get up signifie 'se lever du lit'. Le passé de get est got.Score: /4
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesWhich of these is correct?
I need to look ___ my lost keys.
Find and fix the mistake:
He is get uping at 6 AM.
Rewrite: 'The meeting was cancelled.'
Give up
Look after (the baby)
A: Where is the milk? B: Sorry, we ___.
In the past tense, you add -ed to the particle (e.g., 'get uped').
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesPlease `fill ___` this form before you enter the building.
I don't know the word. I'll `look it up in` the dictionary.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'No dejes para mañana lo que puedas hacer hoy.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings:
I need to `___ my homework` before I can `hang out` with friends.
She couldn't `figure out the problem`.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Ella siempre se lleva bien con sus compañeros de trabajo.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the phrasal verb with its opposite:
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
Unfortunately, there is no perfect rule. You must check a dictionary. However, most phrasal verbs with an object are separable, except for three-word ones like `look forward to`.
It's better to avoid them in very formal contexts (like a legal contract). Use single-word verbs like `investigate` instead of `look into`.
`Wake up` means to stop sleeping. `Get up` means to physically leave your bed.
The particle `up` is very productive. It often means 'completely' (eat up) or 'increasing' (speak up).
Technically, it's a prepositional verb. The meaning of `look` doesn't change; `at` just points to the object.
Yes! `Take off` can mean a plane leaving the ground, or removing clothes, or becoming successful suddenly.
Mostly, yes. There are small differences like `fill in` (UK) vs `fill out` (US), but they will understand both.
It's a verb + two particles, like `get along with`. These are always inseparable.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Single verbs (e.g., 'subir' for 'go up')
English uses particles to change meaning; Spanish uses different verb roots.
Single verbs (e.g., 'entrer' for 'go in')
French lacks the 'particle' concept entirely.
Trennbare Verben (Separable Verbs)
Word order rules for the particle differ significantly between the two.
Compound Verbs (V+V)
Japanese uses Verb+Verb; English uses Verb+Particle.
Verb + Prepositional Phrase
English particles create entirely new, non-literal meanings.
Resultative Verb Compounds
Chinese complements are more grammatically rigid than English particles.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vidéos associées
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