غَسَلَ 30秒で
- Core meaning: To wash with water.
- Commonly used for hygiene and chores.
- Root G-S-L (غ-س-ل).
- Essential for religious ritual contexts.
The Arabic verb غَسَلَ (Gasala) is a fundamental Form I verb that primarily denotes the physical act of cleaning something using a liquid, typically water, and often supplemented by a cleansing agent like soap or detergent. At its core, it represents the removal of dirt, impurities, or unwanted substances from a surface. In the linguistic landscape of Arabic, this word is one of the first verbs a learner encounters because it pertains to essential daily hygiene and household maintenance. However, its meaning extends far beyond the simple act of scrubbing a plate; it carries deep cultural and religious significance in the Islamic world, where ritual purification is a prerequisite for prayer. The root letters غ-س-ل (G-S-L) form the basis for a wide array of vocabulary related to cleanliness, from the laundry room to the bathroom.
- Primary Action
- The physical application of water to remove filth.
- Transitivity
- It is a transitive verb (Fi'l Muta'addi), meaning it requires an object (the thing being washed).
- Temporal Aspect
- Used in past (Gasala), present (Yagsilu), and imperative (Igsil) forms to direct or describe hygiene.
"غَسَلَ الولد يديه قبل الأكل." (The boy washed his hands before eating.)
In a broader sense, Gasala can be used metaphorically. Just as water washes away physical dirt, certain actions or experiences can 'wash away' metaphorical stains, such as guilt or sorrow. In classical literature, you might find references to rain washing the face of the earth or tears washing the cheeks of a mourner. The versatility of the verb allows it to transition seamlessly from the mundane task of washing a car to the poetic description of nature's renewal. Understanding غَسَلَ is the first step in mastering the semantic field of 'Purification' in Arabic, which is divided into specific verbs for 'cleaning' (nazzafa), 'purifying' (tahhara), and 'wiping' (masaha).
"غَسَلَتْ الأم الملابس في الصباح." (The mother washed the clothes in the morning.)
- Religious Context
- The related noun 'Ghusl' refers to the full-body ritual purification.
- Household Context
- Used for dishes, floors, and vehicles.
"يجب أن تَغْسِلَ الفواكه جيداً." (You must wash the fruits well.)
"غَسَلَ المطر الشوارع." (The rain washed the streets.)
"اغْسِلْ وجهك بالماء البارد." (Wash your face with cold water.)
Using the verb غَسَلَ correctly involves understanding its conjugation patterns and its relationship with direct objects. As a Form I triliteral verb, it follows the standard pattern for 'Fa'ala'. In the past tense (Al-Maadi), the conjugation is straightforward: Gasaltu (I washed), Gasalta (You masc. washed), Gasalat (She washed). In the present tense (Al-Mudaari'), the stem vowel changes to a 'Kasra' on the second root letter: Agsilu, Tagsilu, Yagsilu. This is a crucial detail for learners, as mispronouncing the middle vowel is a common beginner error. The imperative form (Al-Amr) is Igsil, used frequently in commands related to hygiene and chores.
- Grammar: Direct Object
- The object being washed takes the Fatha (Mansub case). Example: 'Gasaltu al-sayyarata' (I washed the car).
- Prepositions
- Commonly used with 'bi-' (with) to indicate the cleaning agent. Example: 'bi-al-ma' (with water), 'bi-al-sabun' (with soap).
When using غَسَلَ, it is important to distinguish it from similar verbs. While Gasala implies the use of water, Nazzafa (to clean) is more general and could involve dusting or sweeping. If you are specifically talking about 'doing the laundry', you might use the verb Gasala, but the noun Gasil (laundry) is often paired with the verb Nashara (to hang/spread) when drying. In a professional or medical context, Gasala is used for procedures like 'Gasil al-kula' (kidney dialysis), showing the verb's adaptability to technical terminology where 'cleansing' or 'filtering' is required.
Furthermore, the reflexive form (Form VIII - Igtasala) is used when a person washes themselves (showering or bathing). While you can say 'Gasaltu wajhi' (I washed my face), if you mean you took a full bath, Igtasaltu is more appropriate. This distinction is vital for achieving a natural-sounding Arabic. In everyday conversation, you will often hear the phrase 'Igsil yadayk' (Wash your hands) as a standard instruction given to children or before meals. The verb is also central to the concept of 'Gasil al-amwal' (money laundering), a modern term adopted into Arabic to describe the 'cleaning' of illegal funds.
The verb غَسَلَ and its derivatives are ubiquitous in Arabic-speaking environments. You will hear it most frequently in domestic settings. Parents constantly use the imperative Igsil with their children: "Igsil asnanaka" (Wash your teeth/Brush your teeth) or "Igsili al-atbaq" (Wash the dishes). In the kitchen, it is the primary verb for food preparation. In a restaurant, you might ask the waiter, "Ayna yumkinuni an agsila yadayya?" (Where can I wash my hands?), which is a polite way to ask for the restroom or the sink area.
- In the Home
- Instructions for chores, laundry, and personal hygiene.
- In Public Spaces
- Signs in restrooms, car wash businesses (Mahattat Gasil al-Sayyarat).
- In Media
- Health advertisements for soap, shampoo, or household cleaners.
In a religious context, the term Ghusl is heard during Friday sermons or in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) classes. It refers to the mandatory full-body ritual purification after certain states of impurity. You will also encounter the word in hospitals and clinics. Doctors might talk about 'Gasil al-ma'ida' (stomach pumping) or 'Gasil al-kula' (dialysis). In these contexts, the verb maintains its core meaning of 'cleansing' but is applied to internal medical processes. Even in the news, the term 'Gasil al-dimagh' (brainwashing) is used to describe psychological manipulation, showing how the concept of 'washing' is applied to the mind.
On the street, you will see signs for 'Magasala' (Laundry/Dry cleaners). These are essential service hubs in every neighborhood. When you drop off your clothes, the shopkeeper might ask, "Gasil wa-kayy?" (Wash and press?). In literature and music, the verb is often used to describe the cleansing effect of rain on the soul or the land. A famous poetic line might describe how the rain 'washes' the dust off the trees, symbolizing a fresh start or the end of a period of hardship. Thus, from the most clinical medical setting to the most abstract poetic verse, Gasala is a thread that runs through all levels of Arabic discourse.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with غَسَلَ is confusing it with the verb Nazzafa (نَظَّفَ). While both relate to cleaning, Gasala specifically implies the use of water. You wouldn't 'gasala' a bookshelf with a feather duster; you would 'nazzafa' it. Conversely, you wouldn't usually 'nazzafa' your hands if you are using soap and water; you 'gasala' them. Another common error is the conjugation of the present tense. Many students mistakenly say 'Yagsalu' (with a Fatha) because they assume the pattern follows other common verbs like 'Yaf'alu'. The correct form is Yagsilu (يَغْسِلُ) with a Kasra. This is a hallmark of the 'Fa'ala - Yaf'ilu' category of verbs.
- Mistake 1: Wrong Present Tense Vowel
- Saying 'Yagsalu' instead of 'Yagsilu'.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Nazzafa'
- Using 'Gasala' for cleaning that doesn't involve water.
- Mistake 3: Misusing the Reflexive
- Saying 'Gasaltu' when you mean 'I took a bath' (should be 'Igtasaltu').
Another nuance involves the object of the verb. In English, we say "I washed up," which can be ambiguous. In Arabic, Gasala is almost always transitive. If you say "Gasaltu," a listener will wait for you to say *what* you washed. If you mean you washed yourself, you must use the reflexive Form VIII Igtasala or specify the body part (e.g., 'Gasaltu wajhi'). Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the difference between Gasala and Masaḥa (to wipe). If you are cleaning a window with a damp cloth, you are 'wiping' (masaha) it, but if you are hosing it down, you are 'washing' (gasala) it.
Finally, there is the cultural/religious nuance of Tahara (purification). While Gasala is the physical act, Tahara is the state of being ritually clean. A person might 'wash' (gasala) their hands, but that doesn't necessarily mean they have performed 'Wudu' (ablution) for prayer. Using the wrong term in a religious context can lead to misunderstandings about one's state of readiness for worship. Always ensure that when you use Gasala, you are focusing on the physical removal of dirt.
To truly master غَسَلَ, one must understand its neighbors in the semantic field of cleanliness. The most prominent neighbor is نَظَّفَ (Nazzafa). This verb is Form II and means 'to clean' in a general sense. It covers sweeping, dusting, and tidying up. While you 'gasala' your clothes in a machine, you 'nazzafa' your room by putting things away and vacuuming. Another important related verb is طَهَّرَ (Tahhara), which means 'to purify' or 'to disinfect'. This is often used in medical contexts (sterilizing equipment) or religious contexts (purifying the soul or a space from ritual impurity).
- نَظَّفَ (Nazzafa)
- To clean (general, often without water).
- طَهَّرَ (Tahhara)
- To purify/sanitize (religious or medical).
- مَسَحَ (Masaha)
- To wipe or stroke (using a cloth or hand).
- شَطَفَ (Shatafa)
- To rinse (using water to remove soap).
Then there is مَسَحَ (Masaha), which means 'to wipe'. This is used for cleaning surfaces with a cloth, or in the religious context of 'wiping' over leather socks or the head during Wudu. It implies a lighter touch than Gasala. Another specific verb is شَطَفَ (Shatafa), which means 'to rinse'. This is the step that follows Gasala; after you scrub with soap, you 'shatafa' with clean water. In the context of laundry, you might also hear صَبَّنَ (Sabbana), which specifically means 'to soap up' or 'to lather'.
For personal grooming, اِسْتَحَمَّ (Istahamma) is a common modern verb for 'to take a bath/shower'. While it involves 'washing', it describes the entire process of bathing. Similarly, تَوَضَّأَ (Tawadda'a) is the specific verb for performing the ritual ablution (Wudu). While Wudu involves 'washing' (gasala) certain parts of the body, the verb Tawadda'a encompasses the entire religious ritual. Understanding these distinctions allows a learner to move from basic communication to nuanced, native-like expression.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Form I verb patterns
Transitive vs Intransitive verbs
The 'bi-' preposition of instrument
Passive voice formation
Masdar usage
レベル別の例文
غَسَلَ الوَلَدُ يَدَيْهِ.
The boy washed his hands.
Subject (Walad) + Verb (Gasala) + Object (Yadayhi).
أَنَا أَغْسِلُ وَجْهِي.
I wash my face.
Present tense first person 'Agsilu'.
هَلْ غَسَلْتَ التُّفَّاحَةَ؟
Did you wash the apple?
Question form using 'Hal' and past tense 'Gasalta'.
أُمِّي تَغْسِلُ المَلابِسَ.
My mother washes the clothes.
Present tense feminine 'Tagsilu'.
اغْسِلْ يَدَيْكَ قَبْلَ الأَكْلِ.
Wash your hands before eating.
Imperative form 'Igsil'.
هُوَ يَغْسِلُ السَّيَّارَةَ.
He is washing the car.
Present tense 'Yagsilu'.
غَسَلْنَا الصُّحُونَ بَعْدَ العَشَاءِ.
We washed the dishes after dinner.
Past tense plural 'Gasalna'.
البِنْتُ تَغْسِلُ لُعْبَتَهَا.
The girl is washing her toy.
Present tense feminine 'Tagsilu'.
يَجِبُ أَنْ تَغْسِلَ الخُضْرَاوَاتِ جَيِّدًا.
You must wash the vegetables well.
Subjunctive mood after 'an'.
غَسَلَ الخَادِمُ الأَرْضِيَّةَ بِالمَاءِ.
The worker washed the floor with water.
Using 'bi-' to indicate the means.
مَتَى غَسَلْتِ شَعْرَكِ؟
When did you wash your hair?
Past tense feminine second person 'Gasalti'.
أُرِيدُ غَسْلَ هَذَا القَمِيصِ.
I want to wash this shirt.
Using the Masdar 'Gasl' as an object.
لا تَنْسَ أَنْ تَغْسِلَ أَسْنَانَكَ.
Don't forget to wash (brush) your teeth.
Negative command 'La tansa'.
غَسَلَتِ المَطَرُ الشَّوَارِعَ المُرْبِكَةَ.
The rain washed the dusty streets.
Metaphorical use of 'Gasala'.
هَلْ تَغْسِلُونَ مَلابِسَكُمْ بِأَنْفُسِكُمْ؟
Do you wash your clothes yourselves?
Present tense plural 'Tagsiluna'.
غَسَلَ الطَّبِاخُ السِّكِّينَ.
The chef washed the knife.
Simple past tense.
غُسِلَتِ السَّيَّارَةُ فِي المَحَطَّةِ.
The car was washed at the station.
Passive voice 'Gusilat'.
بَعْدَ العَمَلِ الشَّاقِّ، اِغْتَسَلَ الرَّجُلُ.
After hard work, the man washed himself (bathed).
Form VIII reflexive 'Igtasala'.
غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ المَشْرُوعِ تَمَامًا.
He washed his hands of the project completely.
Idiomatic usage meaning 'to quit' or 'disassociate'.
تُسَاعِدُ الغَسَّالَةُ فِي تَوْفِيرِ الوَقْتِ.
The washing machine helps in saving time.
Noun of instrument 'Gassala'.
غَسَلَ المَاءُ الحِجَارَةَ عَلَى مَرِّ السِّنِينَ.
The water washed the stones over the years.
Describing natural erosion.
يَتِمُّ غَسْلُ الكُلَى مَرَّتَيْنِ فِي الأُسْبُوعِ.
Kidney dialysis (washing) is done twice a week.
Medical terminology.
غَسَلَتِ الدُّمُوعُ خَدَّيْهَا.
Tears washed her cheeks.
Poetic/Literary usage.
يَجِبُ غَسْلُ الفَوَاكِه لِإِزَالَةِ المُبِيدَاتِ.
Fruits must be washed to remove pesticides.
Masdar used in a formal instruction.
تَمَّ اِتِّهَامُهُ بِغَسِيلِ الأَمْوَالِ.
He was accused of money laundering.
Modern legal/economic idiom.
تُحَاوِلُ بَعْضُ الجَمَاعَاتِ غَسِيلَ أَدْمِغَةِ الشَّبَابِ.
Some groups try to brainwash the youth.
Psychological/Political idiom.
غَسَلَ الإِيمَانُ قَلْبَهُ مِنَ الحِقْدِ.
Faith washed his heart of hatred.
Spiritual/Metaphorical usage.
كَانَ المَنْظَرُ كَأَنَّ المَطَرَ غَسَلَ الهُمُومَ.
The view was as if the rain had washed away the worries.
Simile with metaphorical verb.
غَسَلَ المَاءُ المَالِحُ الجُرُوحَ.
The salt water washed the wounds.
Describing physical healing.
إِنَّ غَسْلَ المَوَاعِينِ جُزْءٌ مِنْ رُوتِينِي.
Washing the dishes is part of my routine.
Use of 'Mawa'in' (dialectal/common word for dishes).
غَسَلَ الفَجْرُ سَوَادَ اللَّيْلِ.
The dawn washed away the blackness of the night.
High literary style.
لَمْ يَغْسِلْ ثِيَابَهُ مُنْذُ شَهْرٍ.
He hasn't washed his clothes for a month.
Negative present perfect equivalent.
يُعَدُّ الغُسْلُ رُكْنًا هَامًّا فِي الطَّهَارَةِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ.
Ghusl is considered an important pillar in ritual purification.
Religious/Legal context.
غَسَلَتِ القَصِيدَةُ أَحْزَانَ القُرَّاءِ.
The poem washed away the readers' sorrows.
Abstract literary metaphor.
تَحْتَاجُ هَذِهِ المَخْطُوطَةُ إِلَى غَسْلٍ كِيمْيَائِيٍّ دَقِيقٍ.
This manuscript needs careful chemical washing (cleaning).
Technical/Scientific context.
غَسَلَ السَّيْلُ كُلَّ مَا فِي طَرِيقِهِ.
The flood washed away everything in its path.
Describing natural disaster.
فِي الفَلْسَفَةِ، يُقَالُ إِنَّ المَعْرِفَةَ تَغْسِلُ الجَهْلَ.
In philosophy, it is said that knowledge washes away ignorance.
Philosophical abstraction.
غَسَلَ المَلِكُ يَدَهُ مِنَ الدِّمَاءِ بِالعَفْوِ.
The king washed his hands of blood through pardon.
Political/Historical metaphor.
تُسْتَخْدَمُ هَذِهِ المَادَّةُ لِغَسْلِ الشَّوَائِبِ المَعْدِنِيَّةِ.
This substance is used to wash away metallic impurities.
Industrial/Chemical context.
غَسَلَ النَّسِيمُ أَوْرَاقَ الشَّجَرِ.
The breeze washed the leaves of the trees.
Personification in poetry.
تَجَلَّتْ قُدْرَةُ الخَالِقِ فِي غَسْلِ الأَرْضِ بِالغَيْثِ المِدْرَارِ.
The Creator's power was manifested in washing the earth with abundant rain.
Theological/High eloquent style.
إِنَّ التَّوْبَةَ النَّصُوحَ تَغْسِلُ مَا قَبْلَهَا مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ.
Sincere repentance washes away the sins that preceded it.
Religious maxim.
غَسَلَ الدَّهْرُ مَعَالِمَ تِلْكَ الحَضَارَةِ.
Time washed away the landmarks of that civilization.
Personification of 'Time' (Ad-Dahr).
يَنْبَغِي غَسْلُ العَقْلِ الجَمْعِيِّ مِنْ مَوَارِيثِ الِاسْتِعْمَارِ.
The collective mind must be washed of colonial legacies.
Sociopolitical critique.
غَسَلَ بِيَرَاعِهِ كُلَّ الزَّيْفِ الَّذِي أَحَاطَ بِالحَقِيقَةِ.
With his pen, he washed away all the falsehood that surrounded the truth.
Metaphor for writing and truth-seeking.
غَسَلَ الوَجْدُ رُوحَهُ حَتَّى صَفَتْ.
Ecstasy washed his soul until it became pure.
Sufi/Mystical terminology.
تَسْعَى الدَّوْلَةُ لِغَسْلِ سُمْعَتِهَا الدَّوْلِيَّةِ.
The state seeks to wash (rehabilitate) its international reputation.
Political diplomacy idiom.
غَسَلَ المَوْجُ آثَارَ أَقْدَامِنَا عَلَى الرَّمْلِ.
The wave washed away our footprints on the sand.
Symbolic/Melancholic imagery.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
In some dialects, 'ghassal' is used more often than 'gasala'.
Can refer to clearing one's conscience.
- Using 'gasala' for dusting a shelf.
- Saying 'yagsalu' instead of 'yagsilu'.
- Forgetting the object in a sentence.
- Confusing 'gasala' (to wash) with 'kasala' (to be lazy).
- Using 'gasala' for ritual ablution instead of 'tawadda'a'.
ヒント
Present Tense
Always use the Kasra: Yagsilu. This is a common test question.
Instrument Noun
Learn 'Gassala' (washing machine) alongside the verb.
Hospitality
Offering a guest a chance to wash is a sign of good manners.
Fruits
Always use 'gasala' for washing produce before eating.
Spelling
Make sure to distinguish between Ghayn (غ) and Kha (خ).
Imperative
Use 'Igsil' for commands to children or workers.
Context
If you hear 'gasil' in a hospital, it likely means dialysis.
Brainwashing
The phrase 'gasil al-dimagh' is used just like in English.
Ghusl
Remember that 'Ghusl' is a specific religious term for a full bath.
vs Masaha
Wiping a table is 'masaha'; washing it with a bucket is 'gasala'.
暗記しよう
語源
Semitic root related to liquid cleaning.
文化的な背景
Dirty clothes or appearance are often socially frowned upon more strictly than in some Western contexts.
Ritual washing is required five times a day for prayer.
Washing hands before and after meals is a standard communal practice.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"هل غسلت يديك؟"
"أين المغسلة؟"
"متى ستغسل الملابس؟"
"هل يمكنني غسل وجهي هنا؟"
"هل غسلت الفواكه؟"
日記のテーマ
Describe your morning routine using the verb 'gasala'.
Write about a time you had to wash something very dirty.
How does the concept of 'washing' apply to your spiritual life?
よくある質問
10 問Yes, in its literal sense, it almost always implies the use of a liquid, usually water.
Gasala is washing with water; Nazzafa is cleaning in general (dusting, tidying).
Use the Form VIII verb 'Igtasaltu' (اغتسلت).
Yes, 'gasala asnanahu' is a very common way to say 'he brushed his teeth'.
It is 'gasil al-amwal' (غسيل الأموال).
Yes, 'gasala al-sayyara' is the standard phrase.
It is 'yagsilu' with a Kasra on the 's'.
It means to wash one's hands of something, i.e., to stop being involved.
It is a place where washing happens, like a laundry or a sink.
Yes, it is one of the most essential verbs for beginners (A1 level).
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 'غَسَلَ' is the standard Arabic term for washing with water. It is versatile, ranging from simple daily tasks to complex metaphorical and technical meanings, and is foundational for understanding Arabic concepts of cleanliness.
- Core meaning: To wash with water.
- Commonly used for hygiene and chores.
- Root G-S-L (غ-س-ل).
- Essential for religious ritual contexts.
Present Tense
Always use the Kasra: Yagsilu. This is a common test question.
Instrument Noun
Learn 'Gassala' (washing machine) alongside the verb.
Hospitality
Offering a guest a chance to wash is a sign of good manners.
Fruits
Always use 'gasala' for washing produce before eating.
例文
أغسل يدي قبل الأكل.
関連コンテンツ
Daily Lifeの関連語
يذهب
A1彼は毎日学校に行きます。
فَطُور
A1朝食。朝起きて最初に食べる食事のこと。
ينام
A1眠るとは、通常、夜にベッドで眠っている状態で休むことです。
عَرْض
B1店での特別オファーやセール。
مَلَابِس
A1服、衣類。体を覆うために着るもの。私は新しい服を買いに行きます。 (أَذْهَبُ لِشِرَاءِ مَلَابِسَ جَدِيدَةٍ)
قريب
A1近い、または親戚。家は駅に近いです。
صغير
A2サイズが小さい、または年齢が若い。
مُعْتَاْد
B1いつもの、または習慣的なこと。彼はこの気候に慣れている。
مفتاح
A1鍵（ドア用）または解決策（問題用）。複数形は مفاتيح です。
غسل
A1水や石鹸を使って何かを洗うこと。
