C1 · 上級 チャプター 14

Navigating Social Situations with Phrasal Verbs

5 トータルルール
59 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the phrasal verbs that define natural, sophisticated social interaction in English.

  • Identify nuanced social cues through phrasal verbs.
  • Refine your tone when discussing habits and patience.
  • Communicate complex social dynamics with ease.
Finesse your social interactions with natural English fluency.

学べること

Ready to finesse your social English? This chapter will equip you to naturally handle everyday interactions, from learning to put up with tricky situations to finally getting round to important conversations. Master these vital phrasal verbs for true C1 sophistication.

  • 句動詞: 'Come across' (偶然見つける/～という印象を与える)
    'Come across' をマスターすれば、英語で偶然の発見や「印象」の伝え方を自由に表現できますよ！
  • 句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)
    「cut down on」を使いこなして、英語で習慣や消費を「自然な表現」で「習慣の削減」について話せるようになりますよ。
  • ようやく時間を見つける (Get round to)
    「get round to」をマスターして、「delayed」な「actions」に「finally」取り組むことについて自信を持って話しましょう。未着手のタスクを片付けるための「effort」を感じさせる便利な表現です！
  • 'Look down on' の使い方 (軽蔑/優越感)
    「Look down on」は、相手を下に見て軽蔑したり、優越感を感じたりする、強い「判断」の気持ちを表します。物理的に「見下ろす」行為ではありませんよ。キーワードは「Disdain」「Superiority」「Judgment」です。
  • 我慢する (許容する)
    避けられないストレスや厄介な状況を「グッと堪えて受け入れる」時に使う魔法のフレーズです。tolerate よりも会話でよく使われ、endure ほど重苦しくない絶妙なニュアンスを持っています。

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Accurately interpret and use phrasal verbs to express tolerance, social perception, and habit management.

チャプターガイド

Overview

To truly master C1 English grammar and communicate with authentic fluency, it's not enough to just know individual words; you need to grasp how they combine to create nuanced meaning. This chapter is your guide to English navigating social situations with phrasal verbs, equipping you with essential tools to sound natural and sophisticated in everyday interactions. We're diving deep into some of the most common and versatile phrasal verbs, empowering you to express complex ideas with ease and precision, reflecting a genuine C1 sophistication.
You'll discover how to make the right impression when you come across new people, subtly discuss modifying habits by learning to cut down on certain activities, and finally tackle those long-delayed tasks you need to get round to. We'll also explore the delicate art of understanding social dynamics, from identifying when someone might look down on another, to gracefully learning how to put up with challenging situations or difficult individuals. Mastering these phrasal verbs is a significant step towards achieving genuine C1 level spontaneity and confidence in any social setting.

How This Grammar Works

Phrasal verbs are often the secret sauce to sounding like a native speaker, especially when navigating the complexities of social interactions. While they can seem daunting, the phrasal verbs in this chapter share a common thread: they allow for more nuanced and natural expression than their single-word synonyms. Take come across, for instance.
You might *encounter* an old friend, but saying you came across them implies a more casual, unplanned discovery. Similarly, describing someone as coming across as confident provides a richer picture of their perceived demeanor than simply stating they *seemed* confident.
When it comes to habits, we often talk about *reducing* something. However, to cut down on sugar or caffeine sounds far more idiomatic than reduce sugar intake in a casual conversation. It implies a conscious effort to moderate, not necessarily eliminate.
Then there's the delightful feeling of finally getting something done that's been hanging over your head. You might say you *completed* a task, but saying you finally got round to doing your taxes conveys a sense of procrastination overcome, a human touch. Understanding the subtle difference between simply *tolerating* something and needing to put up with it highlights the often negative connotation of the latter – it’s something you accept out of necessity, not enjoyment.
And finally, to discern when someone looks down on others isn't just about spotting *contempt*; it's about recognizing a deeply ingrained sense of superiority that affects their interactions, adding a layer of social commentary to your observations. These verbs are about adding depth and naturalness to your C1 communication.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗
    He came across a bit arrogant when I met him.
✓
He came across as a bit arrogant when I met him.
Explanation: When describing the impression someone gives, always use come across as. Come across alone typically means to find something by chance or to be understood.
  1. 1✗
    I need to cut down my coffee.
✓
I need to cut down on my coffee.
Explanation: The phrasal verb is cut down on. The on is crucial for indicating the habit or substance being reduced. Without on, cut down usually refers to chopping something physically, like a tree.
  1. 1✗
    I finally got round cleaning the garage.
✓
I finally got round to cleaning the garage.
Explanation: The correct structure for this phrasal verb is get round to + gerund (verb-ing). The to is a preposition here, not an infinitive marker, so it must be followed by a gerund.

Real Conversations

A

A

Did you talk to Mark about the project deadline?
B

B

"Not yet, I haven't got round to it. He comes across as quite stressed lately, so I'm trying to find the right moment."
A

A

"I'm worried about Sarah. She seems to look down on anyone who doesn't share her political views."
B

B

"Yes, it can be hard to put up with that kind of attitude, but sometimes it's best to just change the subject."
A

A

"I've been feeling so tired recently. I think I need to cut down on late-night TV."
B

B

"That's a good idea. I felt the same when I was trying to cut down on my screen time."

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between come across and come across as?

Come across means to find something by chance, like

I came across an old photo.
Come across as means to give a particular impression or seem, such as
She comes across as very confident.

Q

Can I use cut down on for anything other than bad habits?

While primarily used for habits like smoking or eating, you can also use cut down on for general consumption or expenses, like

We need to cut down on our electricity use.

Q

Is get round to formal or informal?

It's generally considered informal to semi-formal. It's perfectly fine for most everyday conversations, but you might use address or attend to in very formal written contexts.

Q

How can I remember the meaning of look down on?

Imagine physically looking down from a high place at someone below you. This visual helps associate look down on with a feeling of superiority or disdain towards others.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these phrasal verbs fluidly to convey subtle meanings and social dynamics. Put up with is particularly common to express reluctant tolerance, while get round to perfectly captures procrastination. Be aware that the nuances can sometimes vary slightly between British and American English, though the core meanings remain consistent.
Using these verbs correctly demonstrates a deep understanding of idiomatic expression, moving beyond basic vocabulary to truly advanced communication.

重要な例文 (8)

1

I was scrolling through my old laptop files and suddenly `came across` a video from high school.

昔のノートパソコンのファイルを整理していたら、高校時代の動画を偶然見つけました。

句動詞: 'Come across' (偶然見つける/～という印象を与える)
2

During the virtual team meeting, Sarah `came across as` very confident and well-prepared.

バーチャルチームミーティング中、サラはとても自信があり、準備万端な印象を与えました。

句動詞: 'Come across' (偶然見つける/～という印象を与える)
3

I'm trying to cut down on my screen time before bed.

寝る前のスクリーンタイムを減らそうとしています。

句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)
4

Since I started working from home, I've had to cut down on unnecessary expenses.

在宅勤務を始めてから、不必要な出費を減らさなければならなくなりました。

句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)
5

After weeks of intending to, I finally `got round to organizing` my messy desk.

何週間もやろうと思っていたのに、ついに散らかった机を整理することができました。

ようやく時間を見つける (Get round to)
6

Have you `gotten round to replying` to that important email from your professor yet?

教授からのあの重要なメールに、もう返信できましたか？

ようやく時間を見つける (Get round to)
7

He always `looks down on` anyone who didn't attend a top-tier university, which is pretty snobby.

彼は一流大学を出ていない人たちをいつも見下していて、とても鼻持ちなりません。

'Look down on' の使い方 (軽蔑/優越感)
8

Don't `look down on` others just because they choose a different career path than yours. Everyone's journey is valid.

あなたとは違うキャリアパスを選んだからといって、他の人を見下してはいけません。それぞれの道のりに価値があります。

'Look down on' の使い方 (軽蔑/優越感)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「偶然」を意識して！

「come across」が「見つける」という意味の時は、いつも「偶然性」をイメージしてくださいね。探していたわけじゃないのに、たまたま見つけちゃった！みたいな感じです。古いジャケットからお金を見つけるような感覚です。「I came across an old photo while cleaning.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞: 'Come across' (偶然見つける/～という印象を与える)
💡

「on」を忘れないで！

「cut down on」の「on」を忘れてしまいがちですが、これがないと意味が全く変わってしまいます。「on」は、あなたが減らそうとしている習慣を「ターゲット」のようにしっかり捉えるイメージで覚えてください。「I need to cut down on coffee.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)
💡

不定詞ではなく動名詞！

「get round to」の「to」は前置詞なので、その後に続く動詞は必ず動名詞（-ing形）になります。不定詞（to + 動詞の原形）を使うのはとてもよくある間違いなので、特に注意してくださいね！例えば、「I finally got round to cleaning the garage.」のように使います。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ようやく時間を見つける (Get round to)
💡

ニュアンスが重要

「Look down on」は常にネガティブな意味合いを持ちます。軽蔑や優越感を示唆する表現です。もし単に物理的な行為として「見下ろす」と言いたい場合は、「look down at」を使いましょうね。「If you mean a neutral physical act, use 'look down at' instead.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Look down on' の使い方 (軽蔑/優越感)

重要な語彙 (5)

Perception the way you think about someone or something Tolerance the ability to accept something difficult Hierarchy a system of ranking Consumption the act of using something Procrastination delaying action

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Navigating Office Dynamics

Review Summary

  • Subject + come(s) across + as + adjective/noun
  • Subject + cut(s) down on + noun/gerund
  • Subject + get(s) round to + gerund
  • Subject + look(s) down on + object
  • Subject + put(s) up with + noun/gerund

よくある間違い

Do not use 'a' before an adjective unless a noun follows.

Wrong: He came across as a nice.
正解: He came across as nice.

Phrasal verbs ending in prepositions are always followed by the -ing form (gerund).

Wrong: I got round to fix it.
正解: I got round to fixing it.

You must include the preposition 'with' when the verb is followed by an object.

Wrong: I can't put up it.
正解: I can't put up with it.

このチャプターのルール (5)

1

句動詞: 'Come across' (偶然見つける/～という印象を与える)

C1
'Come across' をマスターすれば、英語で偶然の発見や「印象」の伝え方を自由に表現できますよ！
I was scrolling through my old laptop files and su...
12 例文
2

句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)

C1
「cut down on」を使いこなして、英語で習慣や消費を「自然な表現」で「習慣の削減」について話せるようになりますよ。
I'm trying to cut down on my screen time before be...
12 例文
3

ようやく時間を見つける (Get round to)

C1
「get round to」をマスターして、「delayed」な「actions」に「finally」取り組むことについて自信を持って話しましょう。未着手のタスクを片付けるための「effort」を感じさせる便利な表現です！
After weeks of intending to, I finally `got round...
11 例文
4

'Look down on' の使い方 (軽蔑/優越感)

C1
「Look down on」は、相手を下に見て軽蔑したり、優越感を感じたりする、強い「判断」の気持ちを表します。物理的に「見下ろす」行為ではありませんよ。キーワードは「Disdain」「Superiority」「Judgment」です。
He always `looks down on` anyone who didn't attend...
12 例文
5

我慢する (許容する)

C1
避けられないストレスや厄介な状況を「グッと堪えて受け入れる」時に使う魔法のフレーズです。tolerate よりも会話でよく使われ、endure ほど重苦しくない絶妙なニュアンスを持っています。
I can't **put up with** this constant noise from t...
12 例文

Next Steps

You have mastered the art of social phrasal verbs. Keep practicing in your daily conversations to solidify these natural patterns!

Listen to a podcast and note any phrasal verbs used in social contexts.

Continue to: 変化と葛藤をスマートに乗りこなす：上級レベルの状況対応力

クイック練習 (10)

文中の間違いを見つけて訂正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

My New Year's resolution is to cut down snacks.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My New Year's resolution is to cut down on snacks.
習慣や消費を減らすという意味で「cut down on」を使う場合、「on」という前置詞が非常に重要です。「on」がないと、この特定の意味ではフレーズが不完全になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)

正しい文章はどれ？

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I have to put up with the poor internet connection.
'put up with' は不快なことに対して使うので、好きなバンドのアルバムに使うのは不自然です。3番が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我慢する (許容する)

文を完成させる正しい形を選びましょう。

Sarah wants to ___ her social media usage.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: cut down on
習慣や消費を減らすには、完全な句動詞「cut down on」を使います。「cut down」だけだと、通常は何かを切り倒すことを意味し、「cut off」は分離するか供給を停止することを意味します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)

正しい形を選んでください

I can't ___ his constant complaining.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: put up with
'put up with' は「我慢する」という意味の固定された句動詞です。語順を変えることはできません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我慢する (許容する)

正しい文を選びなさい：

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Her presentation came across as knowledgeable.
形容詞で印象を説明する場合、「come across」の後に「as」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞: 'Come across' (偶然見つける/～という印象を与える)

どの文が正しく「cut down on」を使っていますか？

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He decided to cut down on driving to work every day.
活動（運転）を減らすための正しい句動詞は「cut down on」で、その後に動名詞が続きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞: 'Cut down on' (習慣を減らす)

文章の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

She finally `got round to apply` for that scholarship.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She finally got round to applying for that scholarship.
「get round to」の後に続く正しい形は、動名詞（-ing形）です。「Apply」は「applying」になるべきです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ようやく時間を見つける (Get round to)

文を完成させるために正しい形を選びなさい。

While decluttering my room, I _____ an old diary from my teenage years.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: came across
「came across」は予期せず何かを見つけることを意味します。「came」は「come」の正しい過去形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞: 'Come across' (偶然見つける/～という印象を与える)

文章を完成させるのに正しい形を選んでください。

I really need to `get round to ___` my old clothes for donation.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sorting
句動詞「get round to」の「to」は前置詞として機能しているため、常に動名詞（-ing形）が続きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ようやく時間を見つける (Get round to)

間違いを見つけて直してください

Find and fix the mistake:

She has to put her annoying roommate up with.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She has to put up with her annoying roommate.
'put up with' は分離できない句動詞なので、目的語（her annoying roommate）は必ず最後に置きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我慢する (許容する)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

2つの主要な意味は、「何かや誰かを偶然見つける・発見する」こと（例：「I came across an old book」）と、「特定の印象や感情を与える」こと（例：「He comes across as very kind」）です。
いいえ、「come across」は分離不可能な句動詞です。「come」と「across」を目的語で分離することはできません。例えば、「I came across a book」とは言いますが、「I came a book across」とは言いません。
「cut down on」は、一般的に何か（特に習慣や消費）の量、大きさ、頻度を「減らす」という意味です。意識的に「I need to cut down on my caffeine intake」のように節制しようとする努力を示します。
いいえ、「cut down on」は分離できない句動詞です。目的語は常に「on」の後に来ます。例えば、「You should cut down on sugary drinks」であって、「You should cut sugary drinks down on」とは言いません。
しばらく前からやろうと思っていたことを、ついに始めるための時間や労力を割く、という意味です。何らかの遅延や先延ばしを克服することを示唆しています。例えば、「I finally got round to learning to play the guitar.」（ついにギターを習い始めた）といった状況で使います。
どちらも正しいですよ！「Get round to」はイギリス英語でより一般的で、「get around to」はアメリカ英語でより一般的です。あなたが最も自然だと感じる方を使って大丈夫ですよ。例えば、「I'll get around to calling him later.」も「I'll get round to calling him later.」も同じ意味で使われます。

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