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B1 noun #3,500 よく出る 10分で読める

chile

上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント chile 30秒で

解説 chile in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'chile' is a word for a spicy pepper. It is a masculine noun: 'el chile'. You might see it on a menu or in a market. You should learn that it is common in Mexican food. Example: 'Me gusta el chile' (I like chili). You don't need to know all the varieties yet, just that it is a vegetable that can be very hot. You should also know that 'picante' means spicy. 'El chile es picante.'

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At the A2 level, you should be able to describe the chile. Is it red (rojo) or green (verde)? Is it big (grande) or small (pequeño)? You can use it in simple shopping scenarios: 'Quiero un kilo de chiles verdes, por favor.' You should also begin to understand the difference between 'chile' and the country 'Chile'. You start learning verbs like 'comer' (to eat) and 'cocinar' (to cook) with this word. 'Mi mamá cocina con mucho chile.'

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At the B1 level, you should understand that 'chile' has many varieties and states. You should know common types like 'jalapeño' or 'serrano'. You should be able to explain how to prepare them using verbs like 'cortar' (to cut) or 'quitar las semillas' (to remove seeds). You should also be aware of regional differences, such as 'ají' in South America. You can express preferences: 'Prefiero el chile seco porque tiene un sabor más ahumado.' You also begin to recognize its cultural importance in Latin American cuisine.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the technical and idiomatic aspects of the word. You can discuss the Scoville scale in Spanish or the chemical process of capsaicin. You understand the nuance between 'picoso' and 'picante'. You are aware of the potential slang meanings in Mexico and know how to avoid embarrassing situations. You can follow complex recipes that involve 'tatemar' or 'hidratar' chiles. You can talk about the history of the word and its Nahuatl origins.

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At the C1 level, you use 'chile' with native-like precision, including its metaphorical uses. You can discuss the socioeconomic impact of chile production in Mexico or the controversy of 'denominación de origen' for certain peppers. You can use phrases like 'estar de la cola del chile' in appropriate informal settings. You understand the deep culinary philosophy behind the use of different chiles in traditional dishes like 'mole poblano'. Your vocabulary includes specific terms like 'placero', 'de árbol', or 'pasilla' without hesitation.

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At the C2 level, you possess a complete mastery of the word 'chile' in all its linguistic, cultural, and historical dimensions. You can write academic papers on the evolution of the word from Nahuatl to modern Spanish. You can navigate the most subtle 'albures' (double entendres) in Mexican Spanish with ease. You can distinguish between the subtle flavor profiles of dozens of varieties and discuss their genetic history. You understand the word's role in literature and national identity across different Spanish-speaking countries.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

chile 30秒で

A spicy pepper used as a spice.
Masculine noun: el chile.
Common in Mexico and Central America.
Called 'ají' in South America and 'pimiento' in Spain.

The word chile is a fundamental pillar of Spanish vocabulary, particularly within the linguistic and culinary landscapes of Mexico, Central America, and parts of the United States. Botanically, it refers to the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum. While English speakers often use the term 'chili' or 'chili pepper,' the Spanish 'chile' carries a much deeper cultural weight. It is not merely a spice; it is an identity. In most of Mexico and Central America, 'chile' is the standard term for any variety of these peppers, ranging from the mild bell pepper (though often called pimiento morrón) to the blistering habanero. However, a crucial linguistic distinction exists: in South America, particularly in the Andean regions and the Southern Cone, the word ají is preferred, while in Spain, people typically refer to them as pimientos or guindillas for the spicy varieties.

Varietal Classification: Chiles are categorized as either frescos (fresh) or secos (dried). Interestingly, many chiles change names when dried; for example, a fresh jalapeño becomes a chipotle when smoked and dried, and a poblano becomes an ancho.
Culinary Function: It serves as the base for salsas, moles, and adobos. It is used to provide heat (picor), color, and complex flavor profiles ranging from smoky to fruity.

When using this word, context is everything. If you are in a Mexican market, you will see mountains of different chiles, each with a specific purpose. The word is masculine (el chile), and its plural is los chiles. Beyond the kitchen, 'chile' appears in numerous idiomatic expressions, though learners must be cautious as it can also be used as a vulgar slang term for the penis in Mexico, leading to many 'albures' (double entendres).

¿Qué tipo de chile le pusiste a la salsa? Está muy picosa.

The history of the word traces back to the Nahuatl word chīlli, showing the indigenous roots of the term. For a Spanish learner at the B1 level, mastering the different types of chiles and how to describe their heat level is essential for navigating social and culinary situations in Latin America. You will hear it in phrases like 'chile de árbol' (a very spicy thin pepper) or 'chile relleno' (a stuffed pepper, usually poblano). Understanding the nuance between 'picar' (to sting/be spicy) and 'quemar' (to burn) is also key when discussing chiles.

Este chile no pica nada, puedes comerlo con confianza.

Regional Usage: Mexico/Central America: Chile. Spain: Pimiento/Guindilla. South America: Ají.

Using 'chile' correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and the adjectives that typically accompany it. Because there are hundreds of varieties, 'chile' is rarely used in isolation in a culinary context without a descriptor. You will describe them by their state: fresco (fresh), seco (dried), molido (ground/powdered), or en polvo (powdered). You also describe their effect using the verb picar. For example, 'El chile pica' means 'The pepper is spicy/hot.' Note that we do not use 'caliente' for spiciness; 'caliente' only refers to temperature. If a chile is extremely hot, you might say it is rabioso (angry/furious) or muy picoso.

Sentence Structure with Verbs of Preparation: Common verbs used with chile include: tatemar (to roast/char), desvenar (to remove the veins/seeds to reduce heat), picar (to chop), and moler (to grind).

Primero tienes que desvenar el chile para que la salsa no quede tan picante.

When ordering food, you might ask: '¿Tiene chile?' (Does it have chili?) or '¿Qué tipo de chile usa esta salsa?' (What kind of chili does this sauce use?). In plural forms, 'chiles' can refer to a dish, such as Chiles en Nogada, a famous Mexican patriotic dish. Adjectives often follow the noun: chile verde, chile rojo, chile habanero. In more abstract or metaphorical senses, particularly in Mexican Spanish, 'chile' can describe someone's mood or state. 'Estar de la cola del chile' is a very informal way to say things are going badly. However, as a B1 learner, focus on the culinary applications first.

Añade un poco de chile de árbol molido para darle un toque extra de sabor.

Common Adjectives: Picante (Spicy), Dulce (Sweet/Mild), Ahumado (Smoked), Seco (Dried), Fresco (Fresh), Curtido (Pickled).

Another important aspect is the usage of 'chile' in different Spanish dialects. While a Mexican will say 'chile', a Spaniard will say 'pimiento'. If you say 'chile' in Madrid, they will know you mean the spicy variety, but they might correct you to 'guindilla' if it's the small, very hot one.

En este mercado venden chiles de todas las regiones del país.

You will encounter the word 'chile' most frequently in marketplaces (mercados), kitchens (cocinas), and restaurants (restaurantes). In Mexico, the 'pasillo de los chiles secos' (dried chili aisle) is a sensory explosion and a place where you will hear vendors shouting prices and varieties. You'll hear phrases like '¡Lleve su chile ancho, barato!' (Get your ancho chili, cheap!). In a domestic setting, a mother might ask her child, '¿Le pongo chile a tu comida?' (Should I put chili in your food?). In professional culinary schools across the Spanish-speaking world, 'chile' is studied for its chemical properties (capsaicin) and its role in traditional recipes.

The Market Context: Vendors often distinguish between 'chile para dar sabor' (chili for flavor) and 'chile para que pique' (chili for heat).

Disculpe, ¿este chile es del que pica mucho o del que pica poco?

You will also hear 'chile' in television cooking shows, which are immensely popular in Latin America. Chefs like Rick Bayless (who speaks fluent Spanish) or local Mexican stars like Yuri de Gortari often discuss the 'trilogía de chiles' (the trilogy of chiles) used in moles. In popular music, especially Mexican folk or rancheras, 'chile' might be mentioned in the context of food or as a double entendre. In social gatherings, particularly 'taquizas' (taco parties), the quality and heat of the 'chile' in the salsa is a major topic of conversation. In street food stalls, you will hear the question '¿Con chile del que pica o del que no pica?' This sounds redundant to foreigners, but in Mexico, 'chile que no pica' refers to a mild salsa or powder that provides flavor without intense heat.

Póngale mucho chile a mis elotes, por favor.

Media and Culture: Documentaries like 'Las Crónicas del Taco' on Netflix frequently use the word to explain the soul of Mexican cuisine.

Finally, in agricultural contexts, you'll hear about 'la cosecha de chile' (the chili harvest) in states like Chihuahua or Zacatecas.

El precio del chile serrano subió mucho esta semana en la central de abastos.

The most common mistake for English speakers is confusing the food chile with the country Chile. While they are spelled the same in Spanish, their origin and meaning are unrelated. The country name likely comes from indigenous Mapuche or Quechua words meaning 'where the land ends' or 'cold', whereas the food name comes from Nahuatl. Another frequent error is using the word 'caliente' to describe a spicy chile. In Spanish, caliente refers strictly to thermal temperature. To say food is spicy, you must use picante or picoso. Saying 'Este chile está muy caliente' would mean the pepper has just come out of the oven or off the grill, not that it is high on the Scoville scale.

Adjective Confusion: Mistake: 'La salsa es muy caliente.' Correct: 'La salsa es muy picante' or 'La salsa pica mucho.'

¡Cuidado! Ese chile habanero pica muchísimo, no es solo que esté caliente por el fuego.

Another mistake is the regional misapplication of the word. If you are in Argentina or Peru and you ask for 'chile', the waiter might eventually understand you, but they will likely correct you to 'ají'. Similarly, in Spain, asking for 'chile' in a traditional market might result in a confused look, as they prefer 'pimiento' or 'guindilla'. Learners also often fail to pluralize correctly or use the wrong article. Remember it is el chile (masculine) and los chiles. Some students confuse 'chile' with 'chili' (the Tex-Mex meat stew). In Spanish, that specific dish is usually called 'chili con carne' and is viewed as a foreign (US) dish, not a traditional use of the word 'chile'.

No confunda el chile con carne texano con un verdadero chile relleno mexicano.

Spelling Note: In English, it is often 'chili' or 'chile'. In Spanish, it is ALWAYS 'chile'.

Lastly, avoid using 'chile' when you mean 'pimentón' (paprika). While paprika is made from chiles, the powder has its own name in Spanish.

Para esta receta española, necesitamos pimentón, no chile serrano.

Understanding the synonyms and regional variations for 'chile' is vital for a B1 learner traveling through the Hispanosphere. The most direct alternative is ají. This is the word used in almost all of South America (Peru, Colombia, Argentina, etc.). If you are in a Peruvian restaurant, you will see 'ají amarillo' or 'ají limo' on the menu, never 'chile'. In Spain, the word pimiento is the umbrella term for all peppers. Sweet peppers are 'pimientos dulces' or 'pimientos morrones'. Spicy ones are often called guindillas or piparras.

Chile vs. Ají: 'Chile' is Nahuatl-based (Mexico/Central America). 'Ají' is Taíno-based (Caribbean/South America). They refer to the same genus of plants.
Chile vs. Pimiento: In Mexico, 'pimiento' usually refers specifically to the large, non-spicy bell pepper. In Spain, 'pimiento' covers everything from bell peppers to jalapeños.

En Perú, el ají amarillo es el ingrediente más importante, mientras que en México es el chile jalapeño.

Another related word is picante. While 'chile' is the object, 'picante' is the quality. You can have a 'salsa picante' that doesn't actually contain 'chile' (though rare in Latin cuisine), perhaps using black pepper or mustard. In the Caribbean, you might hear bocona or other local names for specific hot peppers. There is also the term peperoncino, which is sometimes used in Italian-influenced regions like Argentina or in upscale restaurants to refer to dried red pepper flakes. However, for a general spicy pepper, ají remains king there.

¿Prefieres usar guindilla fresca o seca para las gambas al ajillo?

Summary of Alternatives: 1. Ají (South America/Caribbean) 2. Pimiento (Spain/General) 3. Guindilla (Spain - spicy) 4. Morrón (Bell pepper) 5. Chiltepín (Specific wild variety).

Understanding these synonyms prevents frustration when traveling and allows you to appreciate the vast linguistic diversity of the Spanish-speaking world.

Aunque se llaman diferente, el chile y el ají son esencialmente la misma planta.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'chile' has been used in Mesoamerica for over 6,000 years, long before the Spanish arrived.

発音ガイド

UK ˈtʃɪli

US ˈtʃɪli

The stress is on the first syllable: CHI-le.

韻が合う語

dile file mille apile desfile perfile simile jubile

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the final 'e' as an English 'y' (chili)
Using a soft 'sh' instead of a hard 'ch'
Stressing the second syllable

難易度

読解 1/5

Easy to recognize as it looks like 'chili'.

ライティング 2/5

Easy, but don't forget it ends in 'e' not 'i'.

スピーキング 3/5

Requires practice to avoid the English 'y' sound at the end.

リスニング 2/5

Easy to hear, though context is needed to distinguish from the country.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

comida rojo verde picar gustar

次に学ぶ

pimiento ají guindilla tatemar desvenar

上級

capsaicina organoléptico denominación de origen solanáceas

知っておくべき文法

Nouns ending in -e are usually masculine.

El chile, el tomate, el elote.

Adjectives follow the noun in Spanish.

Chile verde, chile picante.

Using 'estar' with food adjectives to describe state.

El chile está tatemado.

The verb 'picar' acts like 'gustar' when referring to spicy food.

Me pica la lengua (My tongue is stinging).

Diminutives with -ito.

Un chilito (a little pepper).

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レベル別の例文

El chile es rojo.

The chili is red.

Simple subject-verb-adjective agreement.

No me gusta el chile.

I don't like chili.

Use of 'no' for negation with 'gustar'.

¿Es picante el chile?

Is the chili spicy?

Question structure with 'es'.

Compro un chile verde.

I buy a green chili.

Present tense 'compro'.

El chile está en la mesa.

The chili is on the table.

Use of 'estar' for location.

Me gusta mucho el chile.

I like chili a lot.

Adverb 'mucho' modifying the preference.

¿Quieres chile en tu taco?

Do you want chili in your taco?

Informal 'tú' question.

Hay tres chiles aquí.

There are three chilis here.

Use of 'hay' for existence.

Mi abuela hace una salsa de chile muy rica.

My grandmother makes a very tasty chili sauce.

Possessive 'mi' and adjective 'rica'.

Necesito comprar chiles para la cena.

I need to buy chilis for dinner.

Infinitive 'comprar' after 'necesito'.

Este chile no pica nada.

This chili isn't spicy at all.

'No... nada' for total negation of spiciness.

¿Dónde están los chiles jalapeños?

Where are the jalapeño chilis?

Plural 'están' and specific variety name.

El chile habanero es muy pequeño pero picoso.

The habanero chili is very small but spicy.

Contrast using 'pero'.

Ayer comí un chile muy fuerte.

Yesterday I ate a very strong chili.

Preterite tense 'comí'.

¿Prefieres el chile rojo o el verde?

Do you prefer red or green chili?

Verb 'preferir' conjugation.

Los chiles están en la canasta.

The chilis are in the basket.

Plural definite article 'los'.

Si vas al mercado, trae medio kilo de chile serrano.

If you go to the market, bring half a kilo of serrano chili.

Conditional 'si' and imperative 'trae'.

Para que no pique tanto, quítale las semillas al chile.

So it's not so spicy, remove the seeds from the chili.

Subjunctive 'pique' after 'para que'.

En México le ponen chile a casi todas las frutas.

In Mexico, they put chili on almost all fruits.

Indirect object pronoun 'le' referring to fruits.

El chile poblano se usa para hacer los chiles rellenos.

The poblano chili is used to make stuffed chilis.

Passive 'se' construction.

Me corté el dedo mientras picaba el chile.

I cut my finger while I was chopping the chili.

Imperfect 'picaba' for ongoing action in the past.

¿Sabías que el chile chipotle es un jalapeño seco?

Did you know that chipotle chili is a dried jalapeño?

Imperfect 'sabías' for general knowledge.

No todos los chiles son picantes, algunos son dulces.

Not all chilis are spicy; some are sweet.

Indefinite pronoun 'algunos'.

El olor del chile tostado me hace estornudar.

The smell of toasted chili makes me sneeze.

Causal 'me hace' + infinitive.

El nivel de picor de un chile se mide en la escala Scoville.

The heat level of a chili is measured on the Scoville scale.

Reflexive passive 'se mide'.

Es necesario tatemar el chile para que suelte su aroma.

It is necessary to char the chili so that it releases its aroma.

Subjunctive 'suelte' after 'para que'.

Aunque el chile habanero es muy fuerte, tiene un sabor frutal.

Although the habanero chili is very strong, it has a fruity flavor.

Conjunction 'aunque' with indicative for a fact.

La producción de chile seco es vital para la economía local.

The production of dried chili is vital for the local economy.

Abstract noun 'producción'.

Si hubiera sabido que el chile era tan rabioso, no lo habría probado.

If I had known the chili was so 'furious', I wouldn't have tried it.

Past perfect subjunctive 'hubiera sabido' and conditional perfect.

El chile es un ingrediente imprescindible en la identidad mexicana.

Chili is an essential ingredient in Mexican identity.

Adjective 'imprescindible'.

Debes tener cuidado de no tocarte los ojos después de picar chile.

You must be careful not to touch your eyes after chopping chili.

Infinitive 'tocar' after preposition 'de'.

El mercado de San Juan es famoso por su variedad de chiles exóticos.

The San Juan market is famous for its variety of exotic chilis.

Prepositional phrase 'por su variedad'.

La domesticación del chile transformó la dieta de las civilizaciones mesoamericanas.

The domestication of chili transformed the diet of Mesoamerican civilizations.

Historical past tense.

El chef explicó la complejidad de maridar vinos con platillos que llevan chile.

The chef explained the complexity of pairing wines with dishes that contain chili.

Infinitive 'maridar' (to pair).

A pesar de su irritabilidad, el chile posee propiedades antioxidantes notables.

Despite its irritancy, chili possesses notable antioxidant properties.

Phrase 'A pesar de'.

No me vengas con que el chile no pica; tengo la boca ardiendo.

Don't tell me the chili isn't spicy; my mouth is burning.

Colloquial 'No me vengas con que'.

El chile de árbol se distingue por su forma alargada y su picor punzante.

The 'de árbol' chili is distinguished by its elongated shape and piercing heat.

Verb 'distinguirse por'.

Se requiere una técnica depurada para desvenar chiles sin romper la piel.

A refined technique is required to devein chilis without breaking the skin.

Adjective 'depurada'.

La versatilidad del chile permite su uso tanto en guisos salados como en postres.

The versatility of chili allows its use in both savory stews and desserts.

Correlative 'tanto... como'.

Muchos extranjeros subestiman el poder de un pequeño chile serrano.

Many foreigners underestimate the power of a small serrano chili.

Verb 'subestimar'.

La omnipresencia del chile en la gastronomía nacional raya en lo sagrado.

The omnipresence of chili in national gastronomy borders on the sacred.

Verb 'rayar en'.

Es imperativo salvaguardar las variedades criollas de chile frente a los transgénicos.

It is imperative to safeguard heirloom chili varieties against GMOs.

Infinitive 'salvaguardar'.

La sutileza de un mole recae en el equilibrio exacto de los chiles empleados.

The subtlety of a mole lies in the exact balance of the chilis used.

Verb 'recaer en'.

El discurso culinario contemporáneo ha revalorizado el chile como un producto gourmet.

Contemporary culinary discourse has revalued chili as a gourmet product.

Present perfect 'ha revalorizado'.

Cuidado con los albures; en México, hablar de chile es un campo minado lingüístico.

Be careful with double entendres; in Mexico, talking about chili is a linguistic minefield.

Metaphor 'campo minado'.

La capsaicina, el componente activo del chile, es objeto de estudio por sus efectos analgésicos.

Capsaicin, the active component of chili, is a subject of study for its analgesic effects.

Appositive phrase.

El chile chiltepín, apodado el 'oro rojo', es recolectado de forma silvestre en el desierto.

The chiltepín chili, nicknamed 'red gold', is harvested wild in the desert.

Passive voice with 'es recolectado'.

Ningún paladar se mantiene indiferente ante la explosión sensorial de un chile habanero.

No palate remains indifferent to the sensory explosion of a habanero chili.

Negative subject 'Ningún'.

よく使う組み合わせ

chile fresco

chile seco

chile molido

chile relleno

chile de árbol

picar chile

salsa de chile

chile verde

chile rojo

sabor a chile

よく使うフレーズ

¿Pica el chile?

— Asking if the pepper is spicy.

¿Pica mucho ese chile que compraste?

Chile que no pica

— A mild chili or salsa that provides flavor without heat.

Dame de la salsa de chile que no pica.

Estar como un chile

— To be very red in the face (from anger or heat).

Después de la discusión, estaba como un chile.

Ponerse como un chile

— To turn red (usually from embarrassment).

Se puso como un chile cuando lo saludó ella.

Chile en polvo

— Chili powder.

Me gusta el mango con chile en polvo.

Trilogía de chiles

— The three main chiles used in traditional mole (ancho, mulato, pasilla).

El chef explicó la importancia de la trilogía de chiles.

Chile habanero

— A very hot orange/red pepper.

El chile habanero es originario de Yucatán.

Chile serrano

— A common small green spicy pepper.

Pica dos chiles serranos para el pico de gallo.

Chile jalapeño

— The most famous medium-heat green pepper.

¿Quieres jalapeños en tu hamburguesa?

Chile ancho

— A dried poblano pepper, sweet and smoky.

El chile ancho es la base de muchas salsas.

よく混同される語

chile vs Chile

The country. Capitalized and refers to the nation in South America.

chile vs Chili

The English spelling. Avoid using 'chili' when writing in Spanish.

chile vs Pimentón

Paprika. This is the powder, while 'chile' usually refers to the whole fruit or a different type of powder.

慣用句と表現

"Estar de la cola del chile"

— To be in a very bad situation or to be of poor quality.

Este trabajo está de la cola del chile.

slang (Mexico)

"A todo chile"

— To do something with full intensity or speed.

Iba manejando a todo chile.

informal (Mexico)

"Hecho un chile"

— Very angry.

Mi jefe está hecho un chile por el error.

informal

"Chile, manteca y cebolla"

— To describe something that has a bit of everything or is a mess.

Esa fiesta fue puro chile, manteca y cebolla.

informal

"Darle una de cal y otra de chile"

— A variation of 'una de cal y otra de arena', meaning to give mixed results (one good, one bad).

El profesor me dio una de cal y otra de chile en mi nota.

informal

"Como chile en herida"

— Something that is very painful or annoying.

Sus palabras me cayeron como chile en herida.

informal

"Ni que fuera chile"

— Used to say that something isn't that difficult or a big deal.

¡Ayúdame, ni que fuera chile!

informal

"Puro chile"

— Nothing at all, or something of no value.

Me pagaron puro chile por ese trabajo.

slang

"Chile pelón"

— Something that is very clear or obvious.

Te lo dije chile pelón.

informal

"Morder el chile"

— To fall for a trick or to suffer a consequence.

Mordió el chile con esa estafa.

slang

間違えやすい

chile vs Picante

Both relate to heat.

'Chile' is the object (the pepper); 'picante' is the quality (spiciness).

Este chile es muy picante.

chile vs Caliente

English uses 'hot' for both temperature and spice.

'Caliente' is only for temperature. 'Picante' is for spice.

La sopa está caliente y el chile es picante.

chile vs Pimiento

Both are peppers.

In Mexico, 'pimiento' is a bell pepper. In Spain, it is any pepper.

Usa un pimiento verde y un chile serrano.

chile vs Salsa

Salsa often contains chile.

'Salsa' is the sauce; 'chile' is the ingredient.

La salsa de chile habanero es mi favorita.

chile vs Guindilla

Both are spicy peppers.

'Guindilla' is the term used in Spain for spicy peppers.

En Madrid pedí una guindilla.

文型パターン

El chile es [color].

El chile es rojo.

Me gusta el chile [type].

Me gusta el chile jalapeño.

Para hacer [dish], necesitas [quantity] de chile.

Para hacer salsa, necesitas tres chiles.

¿Qué tan [adjective] es el chile?

¿Qué tan picoso es el chile?

Si el chile no estuviera [adjective], lo comería.

Si el chile no estuviera tan fuerte, lo comería.

El chile se usa para [action].

El chile se usa para dar sabor.

A pesar de que el chile [verb]...

A pesar de que el chile pica, me encanta.

La esencia del plato radica en el [noun] del chile.

La esencia del plato radica en el ahumado del chile.

語族

名詞

chilito (diminutive)

chilar (chili field)

chilera (chili container/vendor)

chilerío (abundance of chilis)

動詞

enchilar (to make spicy / to burn with chili)

enchilarse (to get burned by chili / to get angry)

形容詞

enchilado (spicy/burned by chili)

chiloso (spicy - regional)

picoso (spicy)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in Mexico/US Southwest; high in Central America; moderate elsewhere.

よくある間違い

Este chile es muy caliente. → Este chile es muy picante.
'Caliente' refers to temperature. 'Picante' refers to the spicy heat.
Me gusta comer chili. → Me gusta comer chile.
'Chili' is the English spelling; 'chile' is the Spanish one.
El chile es rojo y muy picanta. → El chile es rojo y muy picante.
'Picante' is an adjective that ends in -e, so it doesn't change for gender.
Quiero un ají en la Ciudad de México. → Quiero un chile en la Ciudad de México.
In Mexico, 'ají' is rarely used; 'chile' is the correct regional term.
He comido un chile de Chile. → He comido un chile de Chile. (Correct, but confusing)
While grammatically correct, it's better to specify the type: 'He comido un chile habanero de Chile'.

ヒント

Reduce el picor

Si quieres que el chile pique menos, retira las semillas y las venas blancas del interior antes de cocinarlo.

Protege tus manos

Usa guantes cuando cortes chiles muy picantes como el habanero para evitar quemaduras en la piel u ojos.

Aprende las variedades

Aprender nombres como jalapeño, serrano y poblano te ayudará a entender mejor los menús en español.

Respeta el picante

En México, cuando alguien dice que un chile 'no pica', ten cuidado; su tolerancia suele ser mucho más alta que la tuya.

Género constante

Recuerda que 'chile' siempre es masculino: el chile, un chile, los chiles.

La 'E' final

Pronuncia la 'e' final de 'chile' claramente. No dejes que suene como una 'i'.

Viaja con palabras

Si vas a Perú, pide 'ají'. Si vas a México, pide 'chile'. Si vas a España, pide 'pimiento'.

Cuidado con el contexto

En ambientes muy informales en México, evita decir 'Me gusta el chile' sin especificar el tipo para evitar bromas.

Conservación

Los chiles frescos se guardan en el refrigerador, mientras que los secos deben estar en un lugar fresco y oscuro.

Chile seco vs fresco

Recuerda que el nombre puede cambiar. El chile poblano fresco es el chile ancho cuando está seco.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the country Chile. It is shaped like a long thin pepper. The word is the same, so just imagine a giant spicy pepper in the shape of South America.

視覚的連想

Imagine a red 'CH' shaped like a pepper and an 'ILE' shaped like a flame.

Word Web

Salsa Picante Verde Rojo Semillas Cocina México Habanero

チャレンジ

Try to name five different types of chiles in Spanish without looking at a list.

語源

Derived from the Nahuatl word 'chīlli'.

元の意味： The fruit of the Capsicum plant.

Uto-Aztecan (Nahuatl) to Romance (Spanish).

文化的な背景

Be aware of the slang connotations in Mexico; avoid using 'chile' in isolation when speaking to strangers if you want to be strictly formal.

English speakers often use 'chili' for the stew and 'chili pepper' for the vegetable. In Spanish, 'chile' is only the vegetable.

Chiles en Nogada (National dish of Mexico) Red Hot Chili Peppers (Band name translated as 'Chiles rojos picantes') The Scoville Scale

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At a restaurant

¿Tiene chile la salsa?
¿Qué tan picante es este chile?
Sin chile, por favor.
¿Tienen chile habanero?

At the market

¿A cuánto el kilo de chile?
¿Este chile es fresco?
Busco chile ancho.
¿Pica mucho este?

Cooking at home

Pica el chile finamente.
Hay que desvenar los chiles.
Tuesta el chile en el comal.
No le pongas tanto chile.

Discussing heat levels

Me enchilé.
Está muy picoso.
No pica nada.
Es un picor suave.

Cultural talk

El chile es básico en México.
Existen muchos tipos de chiles.
El chile es parte de nuestra historia.
Me encanta el chile relleno.

会話のきっかけ

"¿Te gusta la comida con mucho chile?"

"¿Cuál es el chile más picante que has probado?"

"¿Sabes cómo preparar chiles rellenos?"

"¿Prefieres el chile verde o el chile rojo en tu salsa?"

"¿En tu país usan mucho el chile para cocinar?"

日記のテーマ

Describe tu experiencia probando un chile muy picante por primera vez.

Escribe una receta simple que use al menos dos tipos de chiles.

¿Por qué crees que el chile es tan importante para la cultura mexicana?

Compara el uso del chile en México con el uso del pimiento en España.

Si pudieras crear un nuevo tipo de chile, ¿cómo sería y qué tan picante sería?

よくある質問

10 問

No hay diferencia botánica; son la misma planta. 'Chile' se usa en México y Centroamérica, mientras que 'ají' se usa en Sudamérica y el Caribe.

Se dice 'chile en polvo' o 'chile molido'.

Botánicamente es una fruta, pero en la cocina se trata como una verdura o una especia.

Pica debido a una sustancia química llamada capsaicina, que se encuentra principalmente en las semillas y las venas.

Lo mejor es beber leche o comer algo con grasa, ya que la capsaicina no se disuelve en agua.

Es un plato tradicional donde un chile grande (usualmente poblano) se rellena de queso o carne, se capea y se fríe.

No, existen variedades dulces como el chile morrón (bell pepper) que no tienen capsaicina.

Es el verbo que usamos cuando alguien come algo muy picante y siente ardor en la boca.

El plural es 'chiles'.

No es correcto; debes escribir 'chile'.

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