A1 · 初級 チャプター 33

Describing Your World

6 トータルルール
65 例文
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the rhythm of daily life by mastering regular verb patterns.

  • Conjugate the most common group of French verbs ending in -er.
  • Express your likes and hobbies using the verb 'aimer'.
  • Describe completing tasks and waiting for things using -ir and -re verbs.
Speak about your day, your tastes, and your world.

学べること

Hey there! Ready to truly start *speaking* French? This chapter is exactly for describing *your* world: what you *do*, what you *like*, and how your day unfolds. First up, we're diving into French verbs ending in «-er.» Guess how important they are? They make up about 90% of all French verbs! But don't worry, we'll learn a super simple trick to find their root and just add a few endings to conjugate them all. Think parler (to speak) or manger (to eat). Next, you'll master how to say what you like or like to do. Imagine you're sitting in a Parisian cafe and want to say

I love this coffee
or
I like to read books
—you'll learn exactly that here. We'll also cover verbs ending in -ir like finir (to finish) and -re like attendre (to wait), so you can describe finishing tasks or waiting for a friend. By the end of this chapter, you won't just know words; you'll be actively *doing* things with French! You'll be able to talk about your hobbies, daily routines, choices, and what you're waiting for. This chapter is going to unlock so many conversations and is much easier than you think. Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular -er verbs like 'parler' in the present tense.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: State preferences for objects and activities using 'aimer'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Use -ir and -re verbs to describe finishing work or waiting for transit.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to Describing Your World, your essential guide to truly starting to *speak* French! At the A1 French level, the ability to express what you do, what you like, and how your day unfolds is fundamental. This chapter is designed to unlock those everyday conversations by focusing on the most crucial building blocks of French grammar: verbs.
You'll learn how to talk about your hobbies, daily routines, and personal preferences, making your French much more dynamic and personal. We’ll dive deep into the incredibly common French -er verbs, which make up a staggering 90% of all French verbs! Mastering their simple conjugation pattern, exemplified by verbs like parler (to speak) and manger (to eat), will give you immediate confidence.
Beyond that, you'll discover how to articulate your likes using aimer, and tackle other important verb groups like -ir verbs (e.g., finir – to finish) and -re verbs (e.g., attendre – to wait). By the end, you won't just understand words; you'll be actively using them to describe your world!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter empowers you to describe actions and preferences in French by mastering key verb conjugations. First, let's conquer the massive group of French -er verbs, like parler (to speak) and manger (to eat). These are your easy path to speaking!
To conjugate a regular -er verb in the present tense, simply remove the -er ending to find the stem, then add these specific endings:
  • Je (I): -e (e.g., Je parle – I speak, Je mange – I eat)
  • Tu (You singular informal): -es (e.g., Tu parles – You speak, Tu manges – You eat)
  • Il/Elle/On (He/She/One): -e (e.g., Il parle – He speaks, Elle mange – She eats)
  • Nous (We): -ons (e.g., Nous parlons – We speak, Nous mangeons – We eat)
  • Vous (You formal/plural): -ez (e.g., Vous parlez – You speak, Vous mangez – You eat)
  • Ils/Elles (They masculine/feminine): -ent (e.g., Ils parlent – They speak, Elles mangent – They eat)
Next, you'll master
Liking Things vs. Doing Things
with the verb aimer (to like/love). When you like a noun, you use a definite article: J'aime le café (I like the coffee).
When you like to *do* something, you follow aimer directly with the infinitive of the action verb: J'aime lire (I like to read). No extra prepositions needed!
We also introduce two other important verb groups: French -ir verbs and French -re verbs. For regular -ir verbs like finir (to finish), you remove -ir and add: -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent. For example: Je finis (I finish), Nous finissons (We finish).
For regular -re verbs like attendre (to wait), remove -re and add: -s, -s, (nothing), -ons, -ez, -ent. For example: J'attends (I wait), Il attend (He waits). These patterns are crucial for expanding your descriptive abilities at the A1 French level.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: Nous parlons la français. (We speak the French.)
Correct: Nous parlons français. (We speak French.)
*Explanation:* When parler is followed by a language, you do not use an article before the language name.
  1. 1Wrong: J'aime à manger. (I like to eat.)
Correct: J'aime manger. (I like to eat.)
*Explanation:* When aimer is followed by an infinitive (another verb), you do not use the preposition à. It's direct: aimer + infinitive.
  1. 1Wrong: J'attends pour le bus. (I wait for the bus.)
Correct: J'attends le bus. (I wait for the bus.)
*Explanation:* The verb attendre (to wait for) already includes the idea of for, so you don't need to add pour.

Real Conversations

A

A

Qu'est-ce que tu aimes faire le week-end ? (What do you like to do on the weekend?)
B

B

J'aime beaucoup regarder des films et parler avec mes amis. (I really like to watch movies and talk with my friends.)
A

A

Tu finis ton travail à quelle heure ? (What time do you finish your work?)
B

B

Je finis à cinq heures. Après, j'attends ma sœur. (I finish at five o'clock. Afterwards, I wait for my sister.)
A

A

Est-ce que tu manges souvent au restaurant ? (Do you often eat at the restaurant?)
B

B

Non, je préfère manger à la maison. J'aime cuisiner ! (No, I prefer to eat at home. I like to cook!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What are the most common French verbs for an A1 learner?

Regular -er verbs are by far the most common, making up about 90% of all French verbs, making them essential for A1 French speakers.

Q

How do I say

I like to do something
in French without making a common mistake?

Simply use aimer followed directly by the infinitive form of the action verb, like J'aime voyager (I like to travel) or J'aime danser (I like to dance).

Q

Are all -ir verbs conjugated exactly like finir?

Many common -ir verbs follow the regular pattern of finir, but some, like venir (to come) or partir (to leave), are irregular. For A1 French, focus on the regular pattern first.

Q

Do I need to use a preposition after attendre when saying wait for something or someone?

No, the verb attendre (to wait for) inherently includes the meaning of for, so you do not need to add pour or any other preposition.

Cultural Context

In French culture, expressing your likes and dislikes (aimer / ne pas aimer) is a very common and natural part of conversation, whether discussing food, hobbies, or opinions. Using these basic French grammar structures allows you to connect more personally. Furthermore, the extensive use of -er verbs means that even with a limited vocabulary at the A1 French level, you can already describe a wide array of daily activities and routines.
French speakers appreciate when learners make an effort to use these fundamental verbs correctly, as it shows engagement and respect for the language.

重要な例文 (6)

1

Je regarde Netflix ce soir.

今夜はNetflixを見ます。

フランス語の -er 動詞:会話への近道(規則動詞)
2

Tu habites où ?

どこに住んでいるの?

フランス語の -er 動詞:会話への近道(規則動詞)
3

Je `regarde` un film sur Netflix.

Netflixで映画を見ています。

フランス語 -er 動詞:話すための簡単な方法 (parler, manger)
4

Tu `manges` {la|f} une pizza ?

ピザを食べてるの?

フランス語 -er 動詞:話すための簡単な方法 (parler, manger)
5

Je `finis` mon devoir.

宿題を終わらせるよ。

フランス語の -ir 動詞:終える・選ぶ (finir)
6

Tu `choisis` {le|m} film ?

映画、君が選ぶ?

フランス語の -ir 動詞:終える・選ぶ (finir)

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

幽霊の「-ent」に注意!

複数形の語尾「-ent」は、書くけど絶対に発音しません!これを知っているだけで、一気にネイティブっぽくなりますよ。
Ils parlent anglais avec moi.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の -er 動詞:90%の動作をマスターしよう (parler)
🎯

「ブーツ」の形をイメージして!

活用の表の中で、Je, Tu, Il, Ils の4つは「ブーツ」の形になります。この4つは最後を発音しません!
Je parle français.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の -er 動詞:会話への近道(規則動詞)
⚠️

「ent」の罠に気をつけて!

複数を表す「-ent」は絶対に発音しません。例えば Ils parlent は、単数の Il parle と全く同じ音に聞こえるんです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語 -er 動詞:話すための簡単な方法 (parler, manger)
⚠️

ロマンチックな罠

人に対して「J'aime」と言うと「愛してる」になります。友達として「好き」なら "J'aime bien" を使いましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「好き」を伝える:Aimer + 名詞 または 不定詞

重要な語彙 (7)

parler to speak manger to eat aimer to like/love finir to finish attendre to wait le café the coffee un livre a book

Real-World Preview

coffee

Ordering at a Café

Review Summary

  • Stem + -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent
  • J'aime + [Noun] OR [Infinitive]
  • Stem + -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent
  • Stem + -s, -s, -(nothing), -ons, -ez, -ent

よくある間違い

When 'Je' is followed by a verb starting with a vowel, the 'e' is dropped and replaced by an apostrophe (elision).

Wrong: Je aime le café.
正解: J'aime le café.

The 'tu' form of -er verbs always ends in -es, even though the 's' is silent.

Wrong: Tu parle français.
正解: Tu parles français.

Regular -ir verbs require an '-iss-' before the plural endings (-ons, -ez, -ent).

Wrong: Nous finisons le livre.
正解: Nous finissons le livre.

このチャプターのルール (6)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the most powerful part of French grammar. With these three patterns, you can express thousands of ideas. Keep practicing and don't fear the endings!

Write 3 things you like and 3 things you do every day.

Read a short French menu and identify the -er verbs.

クイック練習 (10)

正しい文章はどっち?

正しい活用の文を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu manges une pomme.
「tu」のときは、必ず語尾に「s」がついて「-es」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語 -er 動詞:話すための簡単な方法 (parler, manger)

間違いを見つけて直してください。

Nous descendez du bus à cet arrêt.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous descendons du bus à cet arrêt.
主語が Nous の場合、語尾は必ず -ons になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の-re動詞:待つ、売る、聞く (attendre)

finir の正しい形を空欄に入れてください。

Je ___ mon travail à 18h.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: finis
主語が「Je」のとき、-ir動詞の語尾は -is になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の -ir 動詞:終える・選ぶ (finir)

'parler' を正しい形にして空欄を埋めてね

Je ___ français.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parle
主語が 'je' のときは、語幹に -e を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の -er 動詞:会話への近道(規則動詞)

空欄を埋めてください

J'aime ____ chocolat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: le
chocolat のような名詞には、定冠詞 (le, la, les) が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「好き」を伝える:Aimer + 名詞 または 不定詞

間違いを見つけて直してね

Find and fix the mistake:

Ils regarde la télé.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ils regardent la télé.
「彼ら(ils)」のときは、語尾が「-ent」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語 -er 動詞:話すための簡単な方法 (parler, manger)

正しい文章はどれでしょう?

正しい活用の文章を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu parles très bien français !
「tu」が主語の時、-er 動詞の語尾は必ず -es になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の -er 動詞:90%の動作をマスターしよう (parler)

「parler」の正しい形を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

Je ___ français avec mon professeur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parle
主語が「je」の場合、-er を取って -e を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の -er 動詞:90%の動作をマスターしよう (parler)

attendre の正しい形を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

Je/J' ___ un colis Amazon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: attends
主語が Je の場合、規則的な -re 動詞の語尾は -s になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の-re動詞:待つ、売る、聞く (attendre)

「話す(parler)」の正しい形を入れてみよう

Je ___ français avec mon ami.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parle
主語が「je」のときは、最後が「-e」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語 -er 動詞:話すための簡単な方法 (parler, manger)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

辞書に載っている「〜すること」という元の形です。フランス語では parler のように -er で終わるものが多いです。
いいえ!スペイン語などと違い、フランス語は語尾の音が同じことが多いので、主語を言わないと誰のことか伝わりません。
Je parle français.
語尾が -er で終わっていれば、ほぼ間違いなくこのルールです。
Je parle français.
本来は「誰か」ですが、会話では「私たち」としてよく使われます。
On mange une pizza.
「-e」「-es」「-ent」は全部読まないからです! je parletu parlesils parlent も、耳で聞くと全部同じ音ですよ。
いいえ、 tu parles の「s」は飾りだと思ってください。発音はしません。