A1 · 초급 챕터 33

Describing Your World

6 총 규칙
65 예문
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the rhythm of daily life by mastering regular verb patterns.

  • Conjugate the most common group of French verbs ending in -er.
  • Express your likes and hobbies using the verb 'aimer'.
  • Describe completing tasks and waiting for things using -ir and -re verbs.
Speak about your day, your tastes, and your world.

배울 내용

Hey there! Ready to truly start *speaking* French? This chapter is exactly for describing *your* world: what you *do*, what you *like*, and how your day unfolds. First up, we're diving into French verbs ending in «-er.» Guess how important they are? They make up about 90% of all French verbs! But don't worry, we'll learn a super simple trick to find their root and just add a few endings to conjugate them all. Think parler (to speak) or manger (to eat). Next, you'll master how to say what you like or like to do. Imagine you're sitting in a Parisian cafe and want to say

I love this coffee
or
I like to read books
—you'll learn exactly that here. We'll also cover verbs ending in -ir like finir (to finish) and -re like attendre (to wait), so you can describe finishing tasks or waiting for a friend. By the end of this chapter, you won't just know words; you'll be actively *doing* things with French! You'll be able to talk about your hobbies, daily routines, choices, and what you're waiting for. This chapter is going to unlock so many conversations and is much easier than you think. Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular -er verbs like 'parler' in the present tense.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: State preferences for objects and activities using 'aimer'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Use -ir and -re verbs to describe finishing work or waiting for transit.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to Describing Your World, your essential guide to truly starting to *speak* French! At the A1 French level, the ability to express what you do, what you like, and how your day unfolds is fundamental. This chapter is designed to unlock those everyday conversations by focusing on the most crucial building blocks of French grammar: verbs.
You'll learn how to talk about your hobbies, daily routines, and personal preferences, making your French much more dynamic and personal. We’ll dive deep into the incredibly common French -er verbs, which make up a staggering 90% of all French verbs! Mastering their simple conjugation pattern, exemplified by verbs like parler (to speak) and manger (to eat), will give you immediate confidence.
Beyond that, you'll discover how to articulate your likes using aimer, and tackle other important verb groups like -ir verbs (e.g., finir – to finish) and -re verbs (e.g., attendre – to wait). By the end, you won't just understand words; you'll be actively using them to describe your world!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter empowers you to describe actions and preferences in French by mastering key verb conjugations. First, let's conquer the massive group of French -er verbs, like parler (to speak) and manger (to eat). These are your easy path to speaking!
To conjugate a regular -er verb in the present tense, simply remove the -er ending to find the stem, then add these specific endings:
  • Je (I): -e (e.g., Je parle – I speak, Je mange – I eat)
  • Tu (You singular informal): -es (e.g., Tu parles – You speak, Tu manges – You eat)
  • Il/Elle/On (He/She/One): -e (e.g., Il parle – He speaks, Elle mange – She eats)
  • Nous (We): -ons (e.g., Nous parlons – We speak, Nous mangeons – We eat)
  • Vous (You formal/plural): -ez (e.g., Vous parlez – You speak, Vous mangez – You eat)
  • Ils/Elles (They masculine/feminine): -ent (e.g., Ils parlent – They speak, Elles mangent – They eat)
Next, you'll master
Liking Things vs. Doing Things
with the verb aimer (to like/love). When you like a noun, you use a definite article: J'aime le café (I like the coffee).
When you like to *do* something, you follow aimer directly with the infinitive of the action verb: J'aime lire (I like to read). No extra prepositions needed!
We also introduce two other important verb groups: French -ir verbs and French -re verbs. For regular -ir verbs like finir (to finish), you remove -ir and add: -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent. For example: Je finis (I finish), Nous finissons (We finish).
For regular -re verbs like attendre (to wait), remove -re and add: -s, -s, (nothing), -ons, -ez, -ent. For example: J'attends (I wait), Il attend (He waits). These patterns are crucial for expanding your descriptive abilities at the A1 French level.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: Nous parlons la français. (We speak the French.)
Correct: Nous parlons français. (We speak French.)
*Explanation:* When parler is followed by a language, you do not use an article before the language name.
  1. 1Wrong: J'aime à manger. (I like to eat.)
Correct: J'aime manger. (I like to eat.)
*Explanation:* When aimer is followed by an infinitive (another verb), you do not use the preposition à. It's direct: aimer + infinitive.
  1. 1Wrong: J'attends pour le bus. (I wait for the bus.)
Correct: J'attends le bus. (I wait for the bus.)
*Explanation:* The verb attendre (to wait for) already includes the idea of for, so you don't need to add pour.

Real Conversations

A

A

Qu'est-ce que tu aimes faire le week-end ? (What do you like to do on the weekend?)
B

B

J'aime beaucoup regarder des films et parler avec mes amis. (I really like to watch movies and talk with my friends.)
A

A

Tu finis ton travail à quelle heure ? (What time do you finish your work?)
B

B

Je finis à cinq heures. Après, j'attends ma sœur. (I finish at five o'clock. Afterwards, I wait for my sister.)
A

A

Est-ce que tu manges souvent au restaurant ? (Do you often eat at the restaurant?)
B

B

Non, je préfère manger à la maison. J'aime cuisiner ! (No, I prefer to eat at home. I like to cook!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What are the most common French verbs for an A1 learner?

Regular -er verbs are by far the most common, making up about 90% of all French verbs, making them essential for A1 French speakers.

Q

How do I say

I like to do something
in French without making a common mistake?

Simply use aimer followed directly by the infinitive form of the action verb, like J'aime voyager (I like to travel) or J'aime danser (I like to dance).

Q

Are all -ir verbs conjugated exactly like finir?

Many common -ir verbs follow the regular pattern of finir, but some, like venir (to come) or partir (to leave), are irregular. For A1 French, focus on the regular pattern first.

Q

Do I need to use a preposition after attendre when saying wait for something or someone?

No, the verb attendre (to wait for) inherently includes the meaning of for, so you do not need to add pour or any other preposition.

Cultural Context

In French culture, expressing your likes and dislikes (aimer / ne pas aimer) is a very common and natural part of conversation, whether discussing food, hobbies, or opinions. Using these basic French grammar structures allows you to connect more personally. Furthermore, the extensive use of -er verbs means that even with a limited vocabulary at the A1 French level, you can already describe a wide array of daily activities and routines.
French speakers appreciate when learners make an effort to use these fundamental verbs correctly, as it shows engagement and respect for the language.

주요 예문 (8)

1

Je parle avec mon ami.

나는 내 친구와 이야기하고 있어요.

프랑스어 -er 동사: 행동의 90% 마스터하기 (parler)
2

Tu likes ma nouvelle photo ?

내 새 사진에 좋아요 눌렀어?

프랑스어 -er 동사: 행동의 90% 마스터하기 (parler)
3

Je regarde Netflix ce soir.

나는 오늘 저녁에 넷플릭스를 봐.

프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기로 가는 쉬운 길 (규칙 -er 동사)
5

Je `regarde` un film sur Netflix.

나는 넷플릭스에서 영화를 봐.

프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기의 쉬운 방법 (parler, manger)
6

Tu `manges` {la|f} une pizza ?

너 피자 먹고 있어?

프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기의 쉬운 방법 (parler, manger)
7

Je `finis` mon devoir.

나는 숙제를 끝내고 있어요.

프랑스어 -ir 동사: 끝내기와 선택하기 (finir)
8

Tu `choisis` {le|m} film ?

네가 영화 고를래?

프랑스어 -ir 동사: 끝내기와 선택하기 (finir)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

마법의 무음 'ent'

복수형 주어(ils/elles) 뒤에 붙는 '-ent'는 절대 소리 내어 읽지 마세요.
Ils mangent une pizza.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 행동의 90% 마스터하기 (parler)
🎯

장화(Boot) 규칙을 기억하세요!

동사 변화표에서 Je, Tu, Il, Ils를 연결하면 장화 모양이 돼요. 이 네 가지는 끝소리가 나지 않는다는 공통점이 있죠!
Je joue au foot.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기로 가는 쉬운 길 (규칙 -er 동사)
⚠️

마지막 'ent'는 함정!

Ils parlent처럼 여러 명을 말할 때 붙는 -ent는 절대 소리 내지 마세요. 혼자 말할 때인 Il parle와 똑같이 들려야 정답이에요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기의 쉬운 방법 (parler, manger)
⚠️

로맨틱한 함정 주의!

사람한테 'J'aime'라고만 하면 '사랑해'가 돼요. 친구로서 '좋아해'는 꼭 'bien'을 붙여주세요: "Je t'aime bien, mon ami."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 취향 표현하기: Aimer + 명사 또는 동사원형

핵심 어휘 (7)

parler to speak manger to eat aimer to like/love finir to finish attendre to wait le café the coffee un livre a book

Real-World Preview

coffee

Ordering at a Café

Review Summary

  • Stem + -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent
  • J'aime + [Noun] OR [Infinitive]
  • Stem + -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent
  • Stem + -s, -s, -(nothing), -ons, -ez, -ent

자주 하는 실수

When 'Je' is followed by a verb starting with a vowel, the 'e' is dropped and replaced by an apostrophe (elision).

Wrong: Je aime le café.
정답: J'aime le café.

The 'tu' form of -er verbs always ends in -es, even though the 's' is silent.

Wrong: Tu parle français.
정답: Tu parles français.

Regular -ir verbs require an '-iss-' before the plural endings (-ons, -ez, -ent).

Wrong: Nous finisons le livre.
정답: Nous finissons le livre.

이 챕터의 규칙 (6)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the most powerful part of French grammar. With these three patterns, you can express thousands of ideas. Keep practicing and don't fear the endings!

Write 3 things you like and 3 things you do every day.

Read a short French menu and identify the -er verbs.

빠른 연습 (10)

빈칸에 알맞은 단어를 고르세요.

J'aime ____ chocolat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: le
'chocolat' 같은 명사 앞에는 정관사(le, la, les)가 꼭 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 취향 표현하기: Aimer + 명사 또는 동사원형

틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nous descendez du bus à cet arrêt.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous descendons du bus à cet arrêt.
'Nous'와 짝꿍인 꼬리표는 항상 -ons입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -re 동사: 기다리기, 팔기, 듣기 (attendre)

'parler'의 알맞은 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Je ___ français avec mon professeur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parle
'je' 뒤에는 '-er'을 빼고 '-e'를 붙인 'parle'이 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 행동의 90% 마스터하기 (parler)

올바른 문장을 선택하세요.

다음 중 문법적으로 맞는 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'aime danser.
프랑스어에서 'aimer'와 동사원형 사이에는 전치사를 쓰지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 취향 표현하기: Aimer + 명사 또는 동사원형

다음 중 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

'그들은 말한다'를 프랑스어로 하면?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ils parlent.
3인칭 복수(ils/elles)의 어미는 항상 '-ent'이지만 소리는 나지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기로 가는 쉬운 길 (규칙 -er 동사)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nous regardez la télé.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous regardons la télé.
'nous'의 짝꿍은 항상 '-ons'예요. 'regardez'는 'vous'의 짝꿍이랍니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 행동의 90% 마스터하기 (parler)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ils regarde la télé.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ils regardent la télé.
복수형 '그들'(ils/elles)은 -ent 꼬리가 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기의 쉬운 방법 (parler, manger)

빈칸에 'attendre'의 알맞은 형태를 채워보세요.

Je/J' ___ un colis Amazon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: attends
'Je'일 때는 규칙에 따라 동사 끝에 -s를 붙여야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -re 동사: 기다리기, 팔기, 듣기 (attendre)

'parler'의 올바른 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Je ___ français.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parle
주어가 'je'일 때는 어간 'parl-'에 어미 '-e'를 붙입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기로 가는 쉬운 길 (규칙 -er 동사)

문장의 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Tu regarde la télé.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu regardes la télé.
'tu' 형태의 동사 끝에는 항상 '-s'가 붙어야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 -er 동사: 말하기로 가는 쉬운 길 (규칙 -er 동사)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

사전에 나오는 기본 형태예요. 프랑스어에서는 보통 '-er', '-ir', '-re'로 끝나요. parler가 바로 원형이죠.
네! 프랑스어는 동사 꼬리 소리가 비슷한 경우가 많아서 주어를 꼭 말해줘야 누가 하는 행동인지 알 수 있어요. Je parle.
대부분의 -er 동사는 규칙이에요. 'aller'만 빼고요!
Je regarde la télé.
원래는 '누군가'라는 뜻이지만, 현대 프랑스어에선 '우리'라는 뜻으로 정말 많이 써요. On mange ensemble.
-e, -es, -ent 꼬리가 모두 묵음이라 그래요. 그래서 Je parleIls parlent는 똑같이 들리니 주어를 잘 들어야 해요!
아니요, Tu parles의 's'는 발음하지 않아요. 그냥 장식용 글자라고 생각하세요.