B1 · 中級 チャプター 13

Setting Conditions and Rules

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20 例文
6 分
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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of setting conditions and making exceptions with ease.

  • Construct sentences using 'à condition que' to define requirements.
  • Identify when to trigger the subjunctive mood.
  • Apply 'à moins que' to express exceptions or alternatives.
Negotiate like a local and express your wishes clearly!

学べること

Hey buddy! Ready to take a big step in French and make your conversations more precise and engaging? In this chapter, we're going to learn three super important phrases that will help you set conditions and express your wishes just like a real French speaker. You'll learn how to use à condition que to say on condition that... or finalize a deal. Imagine you want to tell your friend: "I'll come to the cinema, provided that it's not a horror movie!" Next, you'll get to know à moins que, which is perfect for saying unless... or

until such time as...
You could say, "We're going for a picnic, unless it rains." This way, you can easily state alternative plans or exceptions. And finally, we'll learn pourvu que, which is fantastic for expressing your heartfelt hopes and wishes. For example,
I hope you do well on your exam!
The name Subjunctive mood might sound a little scary, but don't worry! These small phrases will show you how to change the verbs after them to make your sentences correct and fluent. Plus, it's a new kind of game in French that will make your sentences sound much more natural. By the time you finish this chapter, you'll be able to confidently express different conditions, explain exceptions, and even share your beautiful wishes with others in everyday French conversations. Nothing will stop you from speaking anymore! Let's go rock French!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Formulate a formal agreement using the subjunctive mood.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Explain an exception to a plan using 'à moins que'.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, language learner! Are you ready to elevate your French grammar B1 skills and speak with greater precision and nuance? This chapter is your gateway to mastering advanced conditional expressions, a crucial step for anyone aiming for fluency at the CEFR B1 French level and beyond.
We're diving into three powerful phrases: à condition que, à moins que, and pourvu que. These aren't just fancy words; they are essential tools that native French speakers use every day to set terms, express exceptions, and share heartfelt wishes.
Understanding these constructions will not only make your French sound more natural but also significantly expand your ability to communicate complex ideas. You'll learn how to say on condition that, unless, and I hope that with confidence. While these phrases introduce the Subjunctive mood, don't let that intimidate you!
We'll break it down simply, focusing on how these specific conjunctions *always* trigger the Subjunctive, making it easy to know when to use it. This guide is designed to make learning these French conditional phrases engaging and straightforward.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently navigate conversations where conditions, exceptions, and hopes are expressed. This skill is vital for everyday interactions, from making plans with friends to discussing possibilities. Mastering these structures is a hallmark of progressing in your French grammar journey and will unlock a new level of communicative power.
Let's make your French conversations more sophisticated and authentic!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter focuses on three key French grammar constructions that invariably trigger the Subjunctive mood, allowing you to express conditions, exceptions, and wishes. First up is à condition que (on condition that / provided that), which introduces a necessary prerequisite. This phrase is used when something will happen *only if* a specific condition is met.
For example, Je t'aiderai, à condition que tu m'expliques la situation. (I will help you, on condition that you explain the situation to me.) This falls under the rule "French Deals: Using 'On Condition That' (à condition que)".
Next, we have à moins que (unless / until such time as). This phrase introduces an exception or an alternative scenario that would prevent the main action from occurring. It's often followed by the *ne explétif*, a non-negating particle, especially in more formal contexts.
Consider: Nous irons au parc, à moins qu'il ne pleuve. (We will go to the park, unless it rains.) This aligns with "French: Expressing 'Unless' (à moins que + Subjunctive)".
Finally, pourvu que (provided that / as long as / I hope that) expresses a strong wish, hope, or desire. It's perfect for when you're
Hoping for the Best (Pourvu que + Subjunctive)
. An example would be: Pourvu que tout se passe bien ! (I hope everything goes well!).
All three of these phrases require the verb that follows them to be in the Subjunctive mood, which indicates uncertainty, desire, or subjectivity rather than a factual statement. This is a key aspect of
French Subjunctive: Setting Limits (Restrictive Hypothesis)
. The Subjunctive often uses distinct endings (e.g., -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent for regular -er verbs) and sounds different from the indicative, making your B1 French more precise.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: J'irai au cinéma, à condition que tu viens.
✓ Correct: J'irai au cinéma, à condition que tu viennes.
*Explanation:* The conjunction à condition que *always* requires the verb that follows it to be in the Subjunctive mood. Viennes is the correct Subjunctive form of venir for tu.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: On sortira, à moins qu'il pleut.
✓ Correct: On sortira, à moins qu'il ne pleuve.
*Explanation:* Similar to à condition que, à moins que also demands the Subjunctive mood. Pleuve is the Subjunctive form of pleuvoir. Additionally, the *ne explétif* is commonly used after à moins que, though it doesn't negate the verb.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Pourvu qu'il fait beau demain !
✓ Correct: Pourvu qu'il fasse beau demain !
*Explanation:* When expressing a wish or hope with pourvu que, the verb must be in the Subjunctive mood. Fasse is the correct Subjunctive form of faire for il/elle/on.

Real Conversations

A

A

Je peux t'aider à déménager, à condition que tu me paies un bon repas. (I can help you move, provided that you buy me a good meal.)
B

B

D'accord ! C'est une excellente condition ! (Okay! That's an excellent condition!)
A

A

Nous irons à la plage cet après-midi. (We'll go to the beach this afternoon.)
B

B

Super ! À moins qu'il ne fasse trop froid, bien sûr. (Great! Unless it's too cold, of course.)
A

A

J'espère que tu auras de bonnes nouvelles bientôt. (I hope you'll have good news soon.)
B

B

Oui, pourvu que mon entretien se passe bien ! (Yes, I hope my interview goes well!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between using à condition que and simply si for conditions?

À condition que *always* takes the Subjunctive and implies a stronger, often more formal or non-negotiable condition. Si generally uses the indicative for real or likely conditions (si + present indicative) and the conditional for hypothetical ones (si + imperfect indicative).

Q

Is the *ne* in phrases like à moins qu'il ne pleuve a negation?

No, it's called a *ne explétif*. It's a stylistic particle often used after certain conjunctions like à moins que and avant que, especially in more formal French, but it does not negate the verb or the meaning of the sentence.

Q

Can I use pourvu que to express a wish about something that has already happened?

Yes, you can! While most commonly used for future wishes, you can use the *passé composé* subjunctive with pourvu que to express a hope or wish that something *had* or *has* already occurred (e.g., Pourvu qu'il soit arrivé à temps ! - I hope he arrived on time!).

Q

Why do these specific phrases require the Subjunctive mood?

The Subjunctive mood in French is used to express subjective states like uncertainty, desire, emotion, or a non-factual outcome. À condition que sets a non-guaranteed prerequisite, à moins que introduces an uncertain exception, and pourvu que expresses a desire or hope. All these imply non-certainty or subjective perspective, making the Subjunctive the appropriate mood.

Cultural Context

These conditional and optative phrases are cornerstones of expressing nuanced ideas in French. While à condition que can appear in formal settings like contracts or agreements, it's also common in everyday conversations when setting clear boundaries or expectations. À moins que is frequently used to make plans flexible, allowing for contingencies, which is a very practical aspect of daily communication.
Pourvu que is a beautiful way to share hopes and good wishes, often heard in casual chats among friends or family. Mastering them makes your French sound genuinely native, adding depth and sophistication to your speech.

重要な例文 (2)

1

Je te prête mon Netflix à condition que tu ne changes pas mon profil.

プロフィールを変えないなら、Netflixを貸してあげるよ。

フランス語で交渉：「〜という条件で」(à condition que) の使い方
2

Tu peux sortir ce soir à condition que tu sois rentré à minuit.

夜12時までに帰ってくるなら、今夜遊びに行ってもいいよ。

フランス語で交渉：「〜という条件で」(à condition que) の使い方

ヒントとコツ (2)

🎯

語幹の裏ワザ

90%の動詞は、現在形の「ils」の形から語尾を取るだけで接続法の語幹になります！例えば ils finissent から finisse を作るイメージです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語で交渉：「〜という条件で」(à condition que) の使い方
🎯

「幽霊のne」のテクニック

パリジャンのように自然に話すなら、動詞の前に意味のない 'ne' を入れてみて。 "On sort à moins qu'il ne pleuve."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の「～でない限り」(À moins que)

重要な語彙 (5)

à condition que on condition that à moins que unless le rendez-vous the appointment venir to come pleuvoir to rain

Real-World Preview

calendar

Planning a weekend getaway

Review Summary

  • à condition que + subjonctif
  • à moins que (+ ne) + subjonctif

よくある間違い

After 'à condition que', you must use the subjunctive mood, not the indicative.

Wrong: Je viendrai à condition que tu viens.
正解: Je viendrai à condition que tu viennes.

Don't forget the elision (qu'il) and the subjunctive form of pleuvoir.

Wrong: À moins que il pleut.
正解: À moins qu'il ne pleuve.

The phrase is 'à condition que' (with 'que'), followed by a full clause.

Wrong: Je ferai ça à condition de tu viens.
正解: Je ferai ça à condition que tu viennes.

Next Steps

You've conquered the subjunctive triggers! Keep practicing these structures in your daily French, and you'll sound incredibly natural in no time.

Write 3 sentences about your work conditions using the new structures.

Continue to: Expressing Contrast and Although

クイック練習 (3)

文の中の間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Nous acceptons le projet à condition que vous avez le budget.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous acceptons le projet à condition que vous ayez le budget.
直説法の「avez」を、動詞 avoir の接続法である 「ayez」に直す必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語で交渉：「〜という条件で」(à condition que) の使い方

「être」の正しい接続法の形を入れましょう。

Je t'aide à condition que tu ___ gentil.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sois
「à condition que」の後は接続法が必要です。tu に対する être の接続法は sois です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語で交渉：「〜という条件で」(à condition que) の使い方

正しい動詞の形を使っている文を選んでください。

正しい文はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je viens à condition que tu fasses la cuisine.
「fasses」は faire の接続法です。この接続詞の後には欠かせない形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語で交渉：「〜という条件で」(à condition que) の使い方

Score: /3

よくある質問 (4)

「si」でも通じますが、à condition que の方がより正確で「契約」のような響きがあります。Si tu viens よりも「来るなら〜する」という条件が強調されます。
形が特殊なものもありますが、多くの動詞は現在形と発音が同じです。まずは être と avoir の形から覚えましょう！
à condition que tu sois...
は超定番です。
「〜でない限り」という意味です。メインの行動を邪魔するかもしれない例外を伝える時に使います。 "Je viens à moins qu'il y ait un problème."
いいえ、入れなくても間違いではありません。これは「虚辞のne」と言って、文章をエレガントにする飾りです。 "À moins qu'il pleuve." でも通じますよ。
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Expressing Contrast and Although
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