lama 30秒で
- Lama: Old (things) or a long time (duration).
- Used for objects, places, and time periods.
- Context is key to understanding meaning.
- Commonly used in daily Indonesian.
The Indonesian word 'lama' is a versatile adjective with two primary meanings, depending on the context: it can describe something as 'old' (referring to objects or things) or indicate a 'long time' (referring to duration or passage of time). Understanding which meaning is intended relies heavily on the surrounding words and the overall situation.
- Meaning 1: Old (things)
- When referring to inanimate objects, buildings, or even concepts, 'lama' signifies that something is not new, has been around for a significant period, or is aged. It's similar to the English 'old' when talking about possessions or historical items.
- Meaning 2: Long time (duration)
- When discussing the passage of time, events, or experiences, 'lama' indicates a considerable duration. It can be used to express that something took a long time to happen, has been a long time since something occurred, or that someone has been in a particular state or place for an extended period.
This book is very lama.
Saya sudah menunggu lama.
Mastering 'lama' involves understanding its placement and how it modifies nouns or describes temporal situations. It's a fundamental word that appears frequently in everyday Indonesian conversations and writings. Let's explore its usage in various sentence structures.
- As an adjective for 'old' (things)
- When 'lama' describes a noun, it typically follows the noun it modifies. This is common for describing objects, places, or even abstract concepts that have existed for a while. For example, 'rumah lama' means 'old house', and 'mobil lama' means 'old car'.
- As an adverb for 'long time' (duration)
- When 'lama' refers to a duration, it often functions adverbially, describing how long an action has taken place or how long a state has existed. It can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, often paired with words like 'sudah' (already) or 'telah' (have/has) to emphasize the completed duration.
- With Time Units
- 'Lama' can be directly combined with units of time (like years, months, days) to specify a duration. For instance, 'tiga tahun lama' or 'lama tiga tahun' both mean 'three years long' or 'for three years'.
Buku lama itu masih bagus.
Kami berbicara lama sekali.
Sudah lama saya tidak bertemu dia.
The word 'lama' is ubiquitous in Indonesian, appearing in virtually every aspect of daily life. Its dual meaning makes it incredibly useful, so you'll encounter it in a wide array of situations, from casual chats to more formal discussions.
- Everyday Conversations
- In casual conversations, 'lama' is used to talk about familiar things or to express how much time has passed. For instance, someone might say, 'Ini baju lama saya' (This is my old shirt) or 'Sudah lama kita tidak bertemu' (It's been a long time since we met). It's a natural part of describing personal histories and experiences.
- Describing Objects and Places
- When visiting someone's home, exploring a market, or discussing historical sites, 'lama' is used to describe older items. You might hear about 'rumah lama' (old house), 'sepeda lama' (old bicycle), or 'cerita lama' (old story). It helps paint a picture of age and history.
- Discussing Time and Events
- When talking about the duration of an activity, a wait, or a period of separation, 'lama' is essential. 'Saya menunggu lama' (I waited a long time), 'Dia sudah lama tinggal di sini' (He/She has lived here for a long time), or 'Perjalanan ini memakan waktu lama' (This journey took a long time) are common uses.
- Media and Literature
- In Indonesian news, books, and films, 'lama' is frequently used to establish context. A historical drama might feature 'masa lalu yang lama' (a long-ago past), while a news report could discuss 'kebijakan lama' (old policies) or 'hubungan lama' (long-standing relationships).
Di pasar itu, banyak barang lama yang unik.
Sudah lama sekali saya tidak makan nasi goreng.
While 'lama' is a common word, learners might sometimes misuse it, especially when trying to distinguish between its two main meanings or when comparing it to English equivalents. Awareness of these potential pitfalls can significantly improve your accuracy.
- Confusing 'Old' with 'Long Time' in Sentences
- The most frequent confusion arises when learners use 'lama' to describe the age of a person. In Indonesian, 'lama' is generally not used for people; instead, words like 'tua' (old for people) are used. Using 'lama' for people might sound odd or even offensive.
- Incorrect Placement for Duration
- While Indonesian sentence structure is flexible, learners sometimes place 'lama' in awkward positions when referring to duration. For instance, saying 'Saya lama menunggu' is correct, but placing 'lama' very far from the verb it modifies might reduce clarity, though it's less of a strict grammatical error and more of a stylistic choice.
- Overuse or Underuse
- Some learners might avoid using 'lama' altogether, opting for more complex phrasing, or conversely, overuse it when a simpler adjective might suffice. For example, instead of 'rumah lama', they might say 'rumah yang sudah berumur' (house that is aged), which is correct but less direct.
- Literal Translation Errors
- Directly translating English phrases can lead to errors. For instance, translating 'a long time ago' as 'lama sekali lalu' might not be the most natural Indonesian. More common phrases would be 'dulu sekali' or 'sudah lama sekali'.
Kesalahan: Kakek saya lama.
Benar: Kakek saya tua.
While 'lama' is a highly useful word, Indonesian offers other words that can convey similar meanings, sometimes with slightly different nuances or in specific contexts. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise expression.
- 'Tua' (Old - for people/living things)
- 'Lama' vs 'Tua': 'Lama' is used for things and duration, while 'tua' specifically refers to the age of living beings, especially people. You would say 'rumah lama' (old house) but 'orang tua' (old person). This is a crucial distinction.
- 'Kuno' (Ancient/Archaic)
- 'Lama' vs 'Kuno': 'Kuno' implies something is very old, ancient, or archaic, often with a sense of being out of date or belonging to a past era. 'Lama' is more general for 'old' or 'long time'. A 'mobil lama' is just an old car, but a 'gaya kuno' is an archaic style.
- 'Jauh' (Far - often used for time)
- 'Lama' vs 'Jauh': While 'jauh' primarily means 'far' in distance, it can also be used metaphorically to refer to a long time ago, similar to 'lama'. For example, 'jauh sebelum ini' can mean 'long before this'. 'Lama' is more direct for duration.
- 'Panjang' (Long - for duration)
- 'Lama' vs 'Panjang': 'Panjang' usually refers to physical length (e.g., 'jalan panjang' - long road). However, it can be used colloquially to mean a long duration, especially in phrases like 'waktu yang panjang' (a long time). 'Lama' is the more standard and common word for temporal duration.
- 'Sudah Berumur' (Aged/Of Age)
- 'Lama' vs 'Sudah Berumur': This phrase literally means 'already has age' and is used to describe something (often objects, but sometimes living things in a polite way) as being old or aged. It's a more formal or descriptive alternative to 'lama' when referring to the age of things.
Comparison: Rumah lama vs Rumah tua.
Comparison: Mobil lama vs Mobil kuno.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
Similar words for 'old' or 'long time' can be found in related languages like Malay ('lama'), Javanese ('lawas'), and Sundanese ('kolot' for old, but 'lami' for long time). The persistence of 'lama' in Indonesian highlights its fundamental nature in expressing time and age.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'a' sound too short, like the 'a' in 'cat'.
- Adding an extra syllable or diphthong to the final 'ma'.
- Incorrectly stressing the second syllable.
難易度
CEFR A1. The word 'lama' is introduced early in Indonesian language learning. Its dual meaning requires context to differentiate, which is a key learning point for beginner readers.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Adjective Placement: In Indonesian, adjectives often follow the noun they modify.
Buku lama (Old book). The adjective 'lama' comes after the noun 'buku'.
Adverbial Use of Adjectives: Adjectives can function as adverbs to describe the manner or duration of a verb.
Dia menunggu lama. (He/She waited a long time). Here, 'lama' describes how long the action of 'menunggu' (waiting) took.
Emphasis with 'Sudah' and 'Sekali': The word 'sudah' (already) is often used with 'lama' to indicate a completed duration, and 'sekali' (very) can intensify it.
Sudah lama saya tidak makan nasi goreng. (It has been a long time since I ate fried rice.) / Kami menunggu lama sekali. (We waited a very long time.)
Time Units: 'Lama' can be combined with units of time to specify duration.
Dia tinggal di sini lama tiga tahun. (He/She lived here for three years.)
Distinction between 'lama' and 'tua': 'Lama' is for things/duration, 'tua' is for people/living beings.
Mobil lama (old car) vs. Kakek tua (old grandfather).
レベル別の例文
Ini buku lama.
This is an old book.
'Lama' follows the noun 'buku' (book) to describe it as old.
Saya menunggu lama.
I waited a long time.
'Lama' functions as an adverb here, indicating the duration of waiting.
Rumah itu sudah lama.
That house is old.
'Lama' describes the noun 'rumah' (house).
Sudah lama saya tidak ke sini.
It has been a long time since I came here.
The phrase 'sudah lama' emphasizes the extended period of absence.
Dia punya mobil lama.
He/She has an old car.
'Lama' modifies 'mobil' (car).
Kami bicara lama.
We talked for a long time.
'Lama' describes the duration of the action 'bicara' (talk).
Ini adalah alat lama.
This is an old tool.
'Lama' describes the noun 'alat' (tool).
Perjalanan ini terasa lama.
This journey feels long.
'Lama' describes the subjective feeling of duration for 'perjalanan' (journey).
Kakek saya punya banyak barang lama dari masa mudanya.
My grandfather has many old things from his youth.
'Lama' modifies 'barang' (things), indicating they are old.
Sudah lama saya tidak makan masakan ibu.
It has been a long time since I ate my mother's cooking.
'Sudah lama' emphasizes the duration of not having eaten the specific food.
Mereka mendiskusikan masalah lama yang belum terselesaikan.
They discussed old problems that are still unresolved.
'Lama' modifies 'masalah' (problems), indicating they are long-standing.
Film ini terasa sangat lama karena ceritanya lambat.
This movie feels very long because the story is slow.
'Lama' describes the perceived duration of the 'film' (movie), influenced by its pacing.
Saya menemukan foto lama saat membersihkan loteng.
I found an old photo while cleaning the attic.
'Lama' modifies 'foto' (photo), indicating its age.
Sudah lama sekali dia tidak pulang kampung.
It has been a very long time since he/she returned to their hometown.
'Sudah lama sekali' intensifies the duration of absence.
Mesin lama itu masih berfungsi dengan baik.
That old machine still functions well.
'Lama' describes the noun 'mesin' (machine).
Kami menunggu lama di bandara karena penundaan penerbangan.
We waited a long time at the airport due to flight delays.
'Lama' modifies the verb 'menunggu' (wait), indicating the duration.
Perdebatan tentang kebijakan lama ini telah berlangsung cukup lama.
The debate about this old policy has been going on for quite a long time.
'Lama' is used twice: first to describe the 'kebijakan' (policy) as old, and second to describe the duration of the 'perdebatan' (debate).
Dia merasa sedikit sedih karena harus meninggalkan rumah lama yang penuh kenangan.
He/She felt a little sad because they had to leave the old house full of memories.
'Lama' modifies 'rumah' (house), emphasizing its age and sentimental value.
Setelah lama tidak bertemu, kami memutuskan untuk menghabiskan akhir pekan bersama.
After a long time not meeting, we decided to spend the weekend together.
'Lama tidak bertemu' is a common idiom for a long separation.
Teknologi lama seringkali lebih andal daripada teknologi baru yang rumit.
Old technology is often more reliable than complicated new technology.
'Lama' modifies 'teknologi' (technology), contrasting it with 'baru' (new).
Sudah lama saya tidak mendengar kabar darinya, saya harap dia baik-baik saja.
It has been a long time since I heard from him/her, I hope he/she is doing well.
'Sudah lama' indicates a significant period of no contact.
Arsitektur bangunan itu sangat lama, mengingatkan pada zaman kolonial.
The architecture of that building is very old, reminiscent of colonial times.
'Lama' describes the 'arsitektur' (architecture), implying historical significance.
Meskipun studinya memakan waktu lama, dia akhirnya mendapatkan gelar doktornya.
Although his/her studies took a long time, he/she finally got his/her doctorate.
'Lama' describes the duration of the 'studi' (studies).
Mereka harus merenovasi gedung lama itu agar sesuai dengan standar modern.
They have to renovate that old building to meet modern standards.
'Lama' modifies 'gedung' (building), indicating the need for modernization.
Perusahaan tersebut memutuskan untuk menghentikan produksi model lama dan fokus pada inovasi baru.
The company decided to discontinue the old model and focus on new innovations.
'Lama' modifies 'model' (model), indicating it's an outdated version.
Setelah lama merantau, ia akhirnya kembali ke tanah kelahirannya dengan membawa pengalaman berharga.
After a long time of living abroad, he/she finally returned to his/her birthplace with valuable experience.
'Lama merantau' signifies a long period of living and working away from home.
Meskipun usianya sudah lama, koleksi perangko miliknya sangat berharga.
Although its age is considerable, his stamp collection is very valuable.
'Usianya sudah lama' is a more formal way of saying 'it is old' or 'it has been around for a long time', referring to the collection.
Diskusi mengenai revisi undang-undang lama ini memakan waktu yang cukup lama di parlemen.
The discussion regarding the revision of this old law took a considerable amount of time in parliament.
'Lama' modifies 'undang-undang' (law), and 'cukup lama' describes the duration of the 'diskusi' (discussion).
Dia masih menyimpan surat-surat lama dari sahabatnya yang kini tinggal di benua lain.
He/She still keeps old letters from his/her friend who now lives on another continent.
'Lama' modifies 'surat-surat' (letters), indicating they are old correspondence.
Pertanian tradisional yang telah dipraktikkan turun-temurun ini masih bertahan meskipun tantangan zaman lama.
This traditional agriculture, practiced for generations, still endures despite the challenges of old times.
'Zaman lama' refers to 'old times' or 'past eras'.
Pengembangan perangkat lunak ini memakan waktu lama karena kompleksitas kode sumbernya.
The development of this software took a long time due to the complexity of its source code.
'Lama' describes the duration of the 'pengembangan' (development).
Meskipun teknologi baru terus bermunculan, beberapa metode lama masih terbukti efektif.
Although new technologies keep emerging, some old methods are still proven effective.
'Lama' modifies 'metode' (methods), contrasting them with 'baru' (new).
Mereka berupaya merevitalisasi warisan budaya lama yang hampir terlupakan oleh generasi muda.
They are striving to revitalize old cultural heritage that is almost forgotten by the younger generation.
'Lama' modifies 'warisan budaya' (cultural heritage), indicating its antiquity and neglect.
Proses negosiasi kontrak ini memakan waktu lama karena adanya perbedaan interpretasi terhadap klausul-klausul lama.
The negotiation process for this contract took a long time due to differing interpretations of the old clauses.
'Lama' modifies 'klausul-klausul' (clauses), referring to existing or previous terms.
Setelah lama bergelut dalam industri hiburan, ia memutuskan untuk pensiun dan menjalani hidup yang lebih tenang.
After a long time involved in the entertainment industry, he/she decided to retire and live a quieter life.
'Lama bergelut' signifies a long period of engagement or struggle in a field.
Pemerintah sedang mengkaji ulang peraturan lama yang dianggap tidak lagi relevan dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi saat ini.
The government is reviewing old regulations that are considered no longer relevant to the current socio-economic conditions.
'Lama' modifies 'peraturan' (regulations), implying they are outdated.
Meskipun telah berganti beberapa generasi, tradisi pemberian seserahan lama masih tetap dilestarikan.
Although several generations have passed, the old tradition of giving dowry gifts is still preserved.
'Lama' modifies 'tradisi' (tradition), indicating its long-standing nature.
Pengembangan algoritma ini memerlukan waktu lama dan pengujian ekstensif untuk memastikan akurasinya.
The development of this algorithm required a long time and extensive testing to ensure its accuracy.
'Lama' describes the duration of the 'pengembangan' (development).
Ia merasa nostalgia saat menemukan kembali buku-buku lama yang dibacanya saat masa sekolah.
He/She felt nostalgic upon rediscovering old books that he/she read during school days.
'Lama' modifies 'buku-buku' (books), evoking memories of the past.
Meskipun banyak perdebatan, pendekatan lama dalam pengelolaan hutan terbukti lebih berkelanjutan.
Despite much debate, the old approach to forest management has proven more sustainable.
'Lama' modifies 'pendekatan' (approach), suggesting it's a time-tested method.
Perubahan paradigma dalam ilmu pengetahuan seringkali memakan waktu lama untuk diterima oleh komunitas ilmiah yang mapan.
Paradigm shifts in science often take a long time to be accepted by the established scientific community.
'Lama' describes the duration of acceptance for 'perubahan paradigma' (paradigm shifts).
Analisis mendalam terhadap arsip-arsip lama mengungkapkan pola-pola historis yang sebelumnya tidak disadari.
An in-depth analysis of old archives revealed historical patterns that were previously unrecognized.
'Lama' modifies 'arsip-arsip' (archives), indicating their historical nature and the depth of study.
Meskipun teknologi baru terus berkembang, prinsip-prinsip lama dalam seni lukis tetap menjadi fondasi bagi banyak seniman kontemporer.
Although new technologies continue to evolve, old principles in painting remain the foundation for many contemporary artists.
'Lama' modifies 'prinsip-prinsip' (principles), referring to established, time-honored concepts.
Dekonstruksi narasi lama dalam sastra modern seringkali bertujuan untuk menantang konvensi yang sudah mapan.
The deconstruction of old narratives in modern literature often aims to challenge established conventions.
'Lama' modifies 'narasi' (narratives), implying traditional or conventional storytelling.
Upaya pemulihan ekosistem yang rusak akibat eksploitasi berlebihan memakan waktu lama dan memerlukan komitmen jangka panjang.
The effort to restore ecosystems damaged by overexploitation takes a long time and requires long-term commitment.
'Lama' describes the duration of the 'upaya pemulihan' (restoration effort).
Perdebatan filosofis mengenai hakikat kebenaran telah berlangsung lama sejak zaman kuno.
Philosophical debates on the nature of truth have been ongoing for a long time since ancient times.
'Lama' emphasizes the extended historical duration of the 'perdebatan filosofis' (philosophical debates).
Studi komparatif antara metode pengajaran lama dan baru menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dalam hasil belajar siswa.
A comparative study between old and new teaching methods shows significant differences in student learning outcomes.
'Lama' modifies 'metode pengajaran' (teaching methods), contrasting them with 'baru' (new).
Penemuan kembali teknik-teknik lama dalam kerajinan tangan tradisional telah memicu kebangkitan minat pada seni warisan.
The rediscovery of old techniques in traditional handicrafts has sparked a resurgence of interest in heritage arts.
'Lama' modifies 'teknik-teknik' (techniques), referring to traditional or historical methods.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
'Tua' specifically means old for living beings (people, animals), whereas 'lama' is for things or duration. Using 'lama' for people is incorrect.
'Panjang' primarily refers to physical length. While it can sometimes colloquially mean a long duration, 'lama' is the standard word for time duration.
'Baru' is the direct antonym of 'lama' when 'lama' means 'old' (for things). It means 'new'.
慣用句と表現
— A common, slightly more formal way of saying 'long time no see'. It literally means 'long time not meet'.
Wah, sudah lama tak jumpa! Apa kabar?
Neutral— Literally 'already tens of years long', it's an emphatic way to say something has been a very long time, often implying decades.
Sudah berpuluh-puluh tahun lama kami tidak bertemu.
Informal/Emphatic— Eventually, after a long time, over time. It implies a gradual change or outcome.
Lama kelamaan dia mulai mengerti.
Neutral— Not long anymore; soon. Used to indicate that a long wait or period is about to end.
Kesabarannya akan habis, bukan lama lagi dia akan marah.
Informal/Emphatic— Long suppressed or hidden; something that has been kept secret or unexpressed for a long time.
Perasaan itu sudah lama terpendam dalam hatinya.
Neutral/Literary— Old things but valuable. Used to describe antique items or things that have sentimental value despite their age.
Ini adalah barang lama tapi berharga dari leluhur kami.
Neutral— Old times, bygone era. Refers to a past period, often romanticized or contrasted with the present.
Kehidupan di zaman lama sangat berbeda dengan sekarang.
Neutral/Literary— A long time. Similar to 'lama' used adverbially, but sometimes used to emphasize the duration itself.
Dia membutuhkan waktu lama untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaannya.
Neutral— Very long time; a very long time ago/has passed. An intensified version of 'sudah lama'.
Sudah lama sekali saya tidak mengunjungi kota ini.
Neutral— Quite a long time; for a considerable period.
Mereka berdiskusi cukup lama tentang masalah itu.
Neutral間違えやすい
Both 'lama' and 'tua' can translate to 'old' in English, but their application in Indonesian is distinct.
'Lama' is used for objects, places, and time duration (e.g., 'mobil lama' - old car, 'menunggu lama' - waiting a long time). 'Tua' is exclusively used for living beings, especially people (e.g., 'orang tua' - old person, 'kucing tua' - old cat).
Saya punya buku lama. (I have an old book.) vs. Kakek saya sudah tua. (My grandfather is old.)
Both words can relate to the concept of 'long', but in different dimensions.
'Lama' refers to temporal length (duration of time). 'Panjang' refers to spatial length (physical distance or dimension). Colloquially, 'panjang' can sometimes imply a long duration, but 'lama' is the standard term for time.
Perjalanan itu memakan waktu lama. (That journey took a long time.) vs. Jalan ini sangat panjang. (This road is very long.)
'Baru' is the opposite of 'lama' when referring to age.
'Lama' means old (for things/duration), while 'baru' means new. They are direct antonyms in this context. 'Baru' can also mean 'just' or 'recently' when referring to time.
Saya membeli sepatu lama. (I bought old shoes.) vs. Saya membeli sepatu baru. (I bought new shoes.)
'Kuno' also translates to 'old', but implies a much greater degree of age or historical significance.
'Lama' is a general term for old. 'Kuno' suggests ancient, archaic, or belonging to a distant past, often with a sense of being outdated or historical (e.g., 'gaya kuno' - archaic style, 'peradaban kuno' - ancient civilization).
Ini adalah lukisan lama. (This is an old painting.) vs. Ini adalah artefak kuno. (This is an ancient artifact.)
Both relate to time, but represent opposite durations.
'Lama' signifies a long duration of time. 'Sebentar' signifies a short duration of time, a brief moment. They are antonyms in terms of temporal length.
Saya menunggu lama. (I waited a long time.) vs. Saya menunggu sebentar. (I waited a short while.)
文型パターン
Ini + [Noun] + lama.
Ini rumah lama.
Saya + [Verb] + lama.
Saya makan lama.
Sudah lama + [Phrase/Verb].
Sudah lama saya tidak melihatmu.
[Noun] + lama + [Noun Phrase].
Dia punya mobil lama yang bagus.
Sudah + lama + [Phrase].
Sudah lama dia pergi.
Meskipun + [Clause], [Clause] + lama.
Meskipun latihannya singkat, dia merasa lama.
Proses + [Noun] + memakan waktu lama.
Proses pembuatan film ini memakan waktu lama.
Upaya + [Noun Phrase] + lama + [Verb Phrase].
Upaya pemulihan hutan lama memerlukan waktu lama.
語族
形容詞
関連
使い方
Very High
-
Using 'lama' for people's age.
→
Kakek saya tua.
The word 'lama' is used for objects and duration, not for the age of living beings. 'Tua' is the correct adjective for 'old' when referring to people or animals.
-
Confusing 'lama' (duration) with 'panjang' (length).
→
Perjalanan ini memakan waktu lama.
'Lama' refers to the duration of time, while 'panjang' refers to physical length. Although 'panjang' can sometimes be used colloquially for time, 'lama' is the standard and more appropriate term for temporal duration.
-
Incorrectly translating 'old' without considering context.
→
This is an old book. -> Ini buku lama. / My grandfather is old. -> Kakek saya tua.
Direct translation can be misleading. Always consider whether 'old' refers to an object ('lama') or a person/living being ('tua').
-
Overusing 'lama' when 'baru' (new) is the intended antonym.
→
Saya membeli mobil baru.
When referring to the opposite of old for an object, 'baru' (new) is the correct word. 'Lama' means old.
-
Placing 'lama' awkwardly when indicating duration.
→
Saya sudah lama menunggu.
While Indonesian sentence structure is flexible, placing 'lama' too far from the verb it modifies can sometimes sound unnatural. Placing it after the verb or with 'sudah' is generally clearer for duration.
ヒント
Context is King
Always pay attention to the surrounding words. If 'lama' follows a noun like 'mobil' (car) or 'rumah' (house), it means 'old'. If it follows a verb like 'menunggu' (wait) or is part of 'sudah lama', it means 'long time'.
Practice Active Recall
Try to create your own sentences using 'lama' for both meanings. For example, describe an old item in your room and then talk about how long you've been learning Indonesian.
Listen for Nuances
When listening to Indonesian speakers, try to catch how they use 'lama'. Notice the intonation and the words they pair it with to understand its different applications.
Compare with Antonyms
Understanding the antonyms ('baru' for old things, 'sebentar'/'singkat' for long time) can help solidify the meaning of 'lama' by contrast.
Translate Carefully
When translating from English, don't assume 'old' always means 'lama'. Remember to use 'tua' for people and consider 'kuno' or 'usang' for more specific types of 'old'.
Use Mnemonics
Create a memorable association. For instance, imagine an 'LA'zy 'MA'n who is old and takes a long time to do anything. This can help link 'lama' to both 'old' and 'long time'.
Read Indonesian Texts
Exposure through reading Indonesian books, articles, or even social media posts will show you 'lama' in various natural contexts, reinforcing its usage.
Engage in Conversation
Don't hesitate to use 'lama' in conversations with native speakers. They can provide feedback and help you refine your understanding and usage.
Document Your Learning
Keep a vocabulary journal. Write down sentences where you encounter 'lama' and try to explain the meaning in that specific context. This active documentation aids retention.
Understand Cultural Context
Appreciate how 'lama' fits into Indonesian culture, respecting age and tradition. This deeper understanding can make the word more meaningful and easier to remember.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of an old, 'LA'zy 'MA'n who takes a 'long time' to do anything and owns 'old' things. The 'LA' sound reminds you of 'long', and 'MA' reminds you of 'man' who is 'old'.
視覚的連想
Imagine a very old, dusty clock with Roman numerals, ticking slowly. The hands appear 'lama' (old), and the ticking sound emphasizes the passage of 'lama' (long time).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe three old objects in your house and three activities you did for a long time using the word 'lama'.
語源
The word 'lama' in Indonesian is believed to have roots in Proto-Austronesian languages. Its core meaning related to age and duration has been consistent across various Austronesian languages.
元の意味： Likely related to concepts of age, duration, and antiquity.
Austronesian文化的な背景
Using 'lama' for people is generally inappropriate and should be avoided. Always use 'tua' for the age of people. For objects, 'lama' is neutral, but 'kuno' or 'usang' might be used for more specific connotations of extreme age or wear.
While 'old' and 'long time' are direct translations, the cultural nuances of 'lama' in Indonesian relate to patience, tradition, and the passage of time, which might differ from the sometimes negative connotations of 'old' in Western cultures.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Describing possessions or objects.
- buku lama
- mobil lama
- rumah lama
- alat lama
- foto lama
Talking about the passage of time.
- sudah lama
- lama sekali
- lama tidak bertemu
- menunggu lama
- terasa lama
Referring to people or relationships.
- teman lama
- kenalan lama
- mantan pacar lama (old ex-girlfriend/boyfriend - colloquial)
Discussing historical periods or events.
- zaman lama
- masa lama
- sejarah lama
Expressing duration of activities.
- belajar lama
- bekerja lama
- berbicara lama
- perjalanan lama
会話のきっかけ
"What is the oldest thing you own? Could you describe it using 'lama'?"
"Have you ever waited for a 'lama' time for something? Tell me about it."
"Do you have any 'lama' friends you haven't seen in a 'lama' time?"
"What's something from the 'zaman lama' (old times) that you miss or find interesting?"
"If you could travel back in time, what 'lama' period would you visit and why?"
日記のテーマ
Write about a cherished old object you own. Describe its appearance and why it is 'lama' and important to you.
Reflect on a time you had to wait for a 'lama' time. How did you feel, and what did you do during that period?
Think about a friendship that has lasted for a 'lama' time. What makes it enduring?
Describe a place you visited that felt 'lama' or ancient. What details made it seem so?
Imagine you are talking to someone from a 'lama' period. What questions would you ask them about their life?
よくある質問
10 問No, 'lama' is generally not used to describe people as old. The correct word for 'old' when referring to people is 'tua'. For example, 'kakek saya tua' (my grandfather is old), not 'kakek saya lama'.
'Lama' is used for things (objects, buildings, concepts) and for durations of time (e.g., 'rumah lama' - old house; 'menunggu lama' - waiting a long time). 'Tua' is specifically used for living beings, especially people and animals (e.g., 'orang tua' - old person; 'burung tua' - old bird).
Context is key. If 'lama' follows a noun referring to an object or place, it likely means 'old' (e.g., 'buku lama'). If it follows a verb or describes a period of waiting or existence, it likely means 'long time' (e.g., 'saya menunggu lama').
Yes, 'lama' can be used with time units to specify duration. For example, 'lama tiga tahun' or 'sudah lama tiga tahun' means 'for three years' or 'it has been three years'. More commonly, you might hear 'tiga tahun lalu' (three years ago) or 'sudah tiga tahun' (it's been three years).
Some common phrases include 'sudah lama' (it has been a long time), 'lama sekali' (a very long time), 'lama tidak bertemu' (long time no see), 'teman lama' (old friend), and 'rumah lama' (old house).
'Lama' itself is a neutral word. Its formality depends on the surrounding words and context. Phrases like 'lama banget' are informal, while 'peraturan lama' in a legal context is neutral to formal.
When 'lama' means 'old' (for things), its opposite is 'baru' (new). When 'lama' means 'long time' (duration), its opposites can be 'sebentar' (a short while) or 'singkat' (short).
Yes, 'lama' can be used in slang, often with intensifiers. For example, 'lama banget' is a common informal way to say 'a very long time'.
'Zaman lama' translates to 'old times' or 'bygone era'. It refers to a past period, often implying a different way of life compared to the present.
Pronounce it as 'LAH-mah', with the stress on the first syllable. The 'a' sound is like the 'a' in 'father'. Ensure the final syllable is short and unstressed.
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Summary
The Indonesian word 'lama' is a fundamental adjective with two core meanings: 'old' when referring to objects or things, and 'a long time' when indicating duration. Mastering its usage requires understanding the context to differentiate between these meanings, making it essential for everyday communication.
- Lama: Old (things) or a long time (duration).
- Used for objects, places, and time periods.
- Context is key to understanding meaning.
- Commonly used in daily Indonesian.
Context is King
Always pay attention to the surrounding words. If 'lama' follows a noun like 'mobil' (car) or 'rumah' (house), it means 'old'. If it follows a verb like 'menunggu' (wait) or is part of 'sudah lama', it means 'long time'.
Practice Active Recall
Try to create your own sentences using 'lama' for both meanings. For example, describe an old item in your room and then talk about how long you've been learning Indonesian.
Listen for Nuances
When listening to Indonesian speakers, try to catch how they use 'lama'. Notice the intonation and the words they pair it with to understand its different applications.
Compare with Antonyms
Understanding the antonyms ('baru' for old things, 'sebentar'/'singkat' for long time) can help solidify the meaning of 'lama' by contrast.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
agar
A1In order to
agustus
A1Agustusはインドネシア語で8月を意味します。
akan
A1「akan」はインドネシア語で「〜するつもりです」や「〜でしょう」という意味で、未来を表します。
antara
A1Between
apa
A1Interrogative pronoun; what
april
A1April
atas
A1「atas」という言葉は「上」「〜の上に」「〜の上方に」を意味します。物理的な場所（di atas meja - 机の上）や、感謝の正式な表現（〜に対しての感謝）に使われます。
atau
A1Or
bagaimana
A1Interrogative pronoun; how
bagus
A1Good or nice
