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A2 noun #9,000 よく出る 10分で読める

겉치마

geotchima 上位9,000

練習する例文メモとヒント 겉치마 30秒で

解説 겉치마 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 겉치마 (geotchima) means 'outer skirt.' Think of it as the skirt you see on the outside. In Korea, traditional clothes have many layers. The 겉치마 is the pretty one on top. You wear it with a jeogori (a small jacket). For example, if you see a woman in a beautiful red Hanbok, the red part is the 겉치마. You can say '치마가 예뻐요' (The skirt is pretty), but if you want to be more specific, you say '겉치마가 예뻐요.' This word is useful when you visit Korea and want to try on traditional clothes. You will pick a 겉치마 and a jacket. It is a noun. You use it with '입어요' (wear). '저는 겉치마를 입어요' means 'I wear the outer skirt.' Don't worry about the complex history yet; just remember it's the 'outside skirt.'

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At the A2 level, you should understand that 겉치마 is a compound word: 겉 (outside) + 치마 (skirt). This helps you remember other words too, like geot-ot (outerwear). You will use 겉치마 when talking about traditional Korean holidays like Seollal (New Year's) or Chuseok (Thanksgiving). You might say, '명절이라서 겉치마를 입었어요' (Because it's a holiday, I wore an outer skirt). You should also know the difference between this and sokchima (underskirt). The 겉치마 is usually colorful and made of silk, while the underskirt is usually white and made of cotton. When you go to a Hanbok rental shop in Seoul, the staff will ask you which 겉치마 you like. You can answer, '저는 파란색 겉치마가 좋아요' (I like the blue outer skirt). This word is specific to layered clothing, so it's a great way to show you know a bit about Korean culture.

As a B1 learner, you can start using 겉치마 to describe more complex situations and cultural experiences. You should be able to discuss the aesthetics of the garment. For example, '겉치마의 색깔이 저고리와 잘 어울려요' (The color of the outer skirt matches the jacket well). You will notice that 겉치마 are often 'wrap skirts' (pul-chima). This means they don't have a zipper but are tied with strings. You can use verbs like 매다 (to tie) or 고정하다 (to fix/secure). You might also hear this word in historical dramas. If a character is running, the narrator might describe how the hem of the 겉치마 (겉치마 자락) is fluttering in the wind. Understanding this word allows you to appreciate the specific terminology used in Korean fashion and traditional arts. You can also use it to explain the layers of Hanbok to others.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 겉치마 in discussions about traditional vs. modern fashion. You can talk about how 'Saenghwal Hanbok' (modernized Hanbok) has changed the way the 겉치마 is designed—perhaps it's shorter now, or made of denim or linen instead of silk. You might analyze a sentence like: '현대적으로 재해석된 겉치마는 일상생활에서도 입기 편하게 디자인되었습니다' (The outer skirt, reinterpreted in a modern way, is designed to be comfortable to wear in daily life). You should also understand the nuances of the word in literature. The 겉치마 can represent a woman's social standing or her emotional state. In a formal essay about Korean culture, you would use this term to precisely identify the garment's role in the 'silhouette of the Joseon Dynasty.' You are expected to know that the 겉치마 is not just a piece of fabric but a structural element that requires specific care and handling.

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At the C1 level, you can explore the historical and technical depth of the word 겉치마. You might study how the length and width of the 겉치마 shifted throughout different periods of the Joseon Dynasty as a reflection of changing beauty standards. You can discuss the 'seam' techniques used in making a high-quality 겉치마, such as ssamsol or gaesol. In a professional or academic setting, you might encounter the term in the context of textile preservation, discussing how the dyes in an 18th-century 겉치마 have faded over time. You should be able to use the word in complex metaphorical contexts, perhaps discussing how the layers of a 겉치마 represent the layers of Korean social etiquette (Che-myeon). Your vocabulary should also include specific parts of the skirt, like the 'chima-malgi' (waistband) and 'goreum' (ties), and how they interact with the 겉치마 to create a cohesive look.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 겉치마 includes an understanding of its place in the semiotics of Korean dress. You can engage in high-level discourse about how the 겉치마 functions as a canvas for 'geumbak' (gold leaf) or intricate embroidery that signaled royal rank. You might critique a modern designer's use of the 겉치마 silhouette in an international fashion show, discussing the 'tension between tradition and avant-garde.' You should be able to read and analyze classical Korean literature where the 겉치마 is used as a poetic device to describe the movement of light or the passage of seasons. For instance, comparing the 'translucency of a summer ramie outer skirt' to the 'clear waters of a mountain stream.' Your use of the word is not just about a garment, but about the entire cultural, historical, and aesthetic framework that the 겉치마 inhabits within the Korean identity.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

겉치마 30秒で

겉치마 means 'outer skirt' and is primarily used to describe the visible top layer of a traditional Korean Hanbok outfit worn over underskirts.
The word is a compound of '겉' (outer/surface) and '치마' (skirt), highlighting its position as the visible exterior part of a layered ensemble.
It is culturally significant in Korea, symbolizing elegance and status through its fabric, color, and the voluminous silhouette it creates when layered correctly.
Commonly heard in historical dramas, weddings, and Hanbok shops, it requires the verb '입다' (to wear) and is often described as '고운' (beautiful/fine).

The Korean word 겉치마 (geotchima) is a compound noun that specifically refers to the 'outer skirt' in a traditional Korean costume or a layered outfit. To understand this word deeply, one must first look at its components: 겉 (geot), meaning 'outer' or 'surface,' and 치마 (chima), meaning 'skirt.' In the context of Korean culture, particularly regarding the Hanbok (traditional Korean dress), clothing is meticulously layered. The 겉치마 is the visible, decorative layer worn over the sokchima (underskirt). While a modern skirt might be a single piece of fabric, the traditional 겉치마 is often a wrap-around style that signifies grace, modesty, and social status through its volume and fabric quality.

Cultural Significance: Historically, the volume of the 겉치마 was achieved by layering multiple underskirts. A wide, billowing outer skirt was a mark of wealth and high social standing during the Joseon Dynasty. The fabric used for the 겉치마 would vary by season: fine silk (silky gauze) for summer to allow airflow, and heavy, quilted fabrics or thick silk for winter to provide warmth.
Modern Usage: Today, you will encounter this word most frequently when discussing Hanbok for weddings, first birthdays (Doljanchi), or traditional holidays like Chuseok and Seollal. Fashion designers also use the term when creating 'Saenghwal Hanbok' (modernized daily Hanbok), where the 겉치마 might be shortened or simplified for contemporary convenience but still retains its wrap-around identity.

신부는 화려한 붉은색 겉치마를 입고 손님들을 맞이했습니다.
Translation: The bride greeted the guests wearing a magnificent red outer skirt.

In a broader linguistic sense, 겉치마 can also be used metaphorically or in modern fashion to describe any skirt that is part of a layered ensemble where an visible outer layer is distinct from a functional or structural inner layer. For example, a lace overlay on a solid skirt could technically be described as a 겉치마 in a descriptive context, though the term remains heavily rooted in traditional attire. Using this word correctly shows a deep appreciation for the structural complexity of Korean clothing, moving beyond the simple 'chima' to acknowledge the sophisticated layering systems that define the Korean silhouette.

한복의 아름다움은 풍성한 겉치마의 곡선에서 나옵니다.
Translation: The beauty of Hanbok comes from the curves of the voluminous outer skirt.

Visual Characteristics: The 겉치마 typically features a wide waistband called 'chima-malgi.' In traditional Joseon styles, this band was often white and hidden under the jeogori (top jacket). In modern styles, the waistband might be decorated with embroidery or 'geumbak' (gold leaf) and displayed prominently. The way the 겉치마 drapes is crucial; it should flow smoothly from the chest down to the floor, creating a bell-shaped silhouette that masks the lower body's shape, a hallmark of Confucian-era modesty.

Using 겉치마 in a sentence requires an understanding of Korean particles and the verbs associated with dressing. Because it is a noun, it most commonly takes the object particle -를 when you are putting it on or cleaning it, and the subject particle -가 when describing its appearance or condition. The most essential verb to pair with 겉치마 is 입다 (to wear), but more specific verbs like 두르다 (to wrap around) are often used because of the skirt's construction as a wrap garment.

어머니는 잔치를 위해 실크 겉치마를 정성스럽게 다듬으셨다.
Translation: My mother carefully smoothed out the silk outer skirt for the banquet.

When describing the fit or the way the skirt is tied, you might use the verb 매다 (to tie) or 여미다 (to fold over/close). For instance, '겉치마를 왼쪽으로 여미다' means to fold the outer skirt toward the left, which is the standard way for women to wear Hanbok. This level of detail is important because the direction of the wrap can sometimes carry historical or regional significance. In literature, the 겉치마 is often used to describe a character's movement, such as '겉치마 자락이 휘날리다' (the hem of the outer skirt flutters), evoking a sense of elegance and dynamism.

Common Sentence Patterns: 1. [Adjective] + [겉치마]: 푸른 겉치마 (Blue outer skirt).
2. [Noun] + [겉치마]: 모시 겉치마 (Ramie outer skirt).
3. [겉치마] + [Verb]: 겉치마를 입다 (To wear an outer skirt), 겉치마가 끌리다 (The outer skirt is dragging).

그녀는 겉치마 밑으로 살짝 보이는 신발이 예쁘다고 생각했다.
Translation: She thought the shoes slightly visible under the outer skirt were pretty.

In a modern fashion context, you might hear a stylist say, '이 겉치마는 비치는 소재라 속치마가 중요해요' (Since this outer skirt is a sheer material, the underskirt is important). This highlights the functional relationship between the layers. The word is also used in the context of maintenance: '겉치마를 드라이클리닝 맡기다' (to send the outer skirt for dry cleaning). Because 겉치마 are often made of delicate materials like silk or fine ramie, they require specific care verbs like 손질하다 (to maintain/groom) or 보관하다 (to store).

Finally, consider the register. In formal settings, such as a traditional wedding ceremony description, you will see the honorific forms: '신부님께서 겉치마를 입으십니다.' In a casual conversation about a drama costume, you might simply say, '저 겉치마 색깔 진짜 곱다' (The color of that outer skirt is really beautiful). The word itself is neutral, but the verbs and endings around it dictate the formality level of the conversation.

While 겉치마 is not a word used every day in the context of Western-style jeans and t-shirts, it remains a vital part of the Korean lexicon in several specific environments. If you are a fan of Sageuk (Korean historical dramas), you will hear this word frequently during dressing scenes or when characters discuss their finery. It is also a staple term in the bustling Hanbok markets of Seoul, such as Gwangjang Market or Dongdaemun, where tailors and customers negotiate the fabrics and colors of a custom-made set.

Historical Dramas (Sageuk): In dramas set in the Joseon period, the 겉치마 is a key plot device for showing a character's change in status. A maidservant might wear a simple, dark-colored cotton 겉치마, while a queen's 겉치마 would be made of gold-embroidered silk. You might hear a line like '겉치마를 갈아입혀라' (Change her outer skirt) to prepare a noblewoman for a royal audience.
Wedding Planning: During a 'Pyebaek' (traditional wedding ceremony), the bride's outfit is discussed in great detail. The 'Hanbok planner' or the mother-in-law will often use the word 겉치마 when coordinating the colors between the bride's and the mother's outfits. '신부 겉치마는 분홍색으로 하고...' (As for the bride's outer skirt, let's go with pink...).

한복 대여점에서 직원이 "이 겉치마가 가장 인기가 많아요"라고 추천했다.
Translation: At the Hanbok rental shop, the staff recommended, "This outer skirt is the most popular."

Another place you will hear this word is in museums or cultural heritage sites like Gyeongbokgung Palace. Tour guides explaining the evolution of Korean fashion will point out the differences between the 겉치마 of the Goryeo Dynasty versus the Joseon Dynasty. They might explain how the high-waisted 겉치마 became the standard silhouette we recognize today. In art history, scholars use the term when analyzing 'Shin Yun-bok's' paintings, which famously depict the intricate folds and movements of women's skirts in the late Joseon era.

Finally, the word appears in literature and poetry. Because the 겉치마 is the most visible part of a woman's traditional attire, it often serves as a metonym for the woman herself or her emotional state. A 'shabby outer skirt' might symbolize poverty or mourning, while a 'fluttering silk outer skirt' represents joy, youth, or romantic anticipation. Understanding this word allows you to tap into these rich layers of Korean storytelling and cultural expression.

For learners of Korean, the most common mistake is using the general word 치마 (skirt) when a more specific term like 겉치마 is required, or conversely, using 겉치마 to describe a modern mini-skirt. While all 겉치마 are skirts, not all skirts are 겉치마. Using 겉치마 for a regular office skirt sounds unnatural and overly technical, as if you are implying there is a specific, separate underskirt system being used.

The 'Sokchima' Confusion: The biggest technical error is confusing 겉치마 with sokchima (underskirt). In Korean culture, showing one's sokchima was historically considered a major faux pas. If you tell someone their 겉치마 is pretty but you are actually pointing at their petticoat/underskirt, it can be quite embarrassing. Always remember: Geot = Outer (the one everyone sees), Sok = Inner (the one that provides volume).
Incorrect Verb Pairing: Learners often use 쓰다 (to use/wear on head) or 신다 (to wear on feet) by mistake. For all clothing worn on the body like 겉치마, the verb must be 입다. Another mistake is using 끼다 (to put on gloves/rings) instead of 매다 or 여미다 when talking about the ties of the skirt.

Mistake: "오늘 예쁜 속치마를 입으셨네요!" (when praising the visible skirt)
Correct: "오늘 예쁜 겉치마를 입으셨네요!"

Another nuance is the pluralization. In English, we might say 'outer skirts' if someone owns many. In Korean, learners often try to add -들 to make 겉치마들. While grammatically possible, Korean usually relies on context or counters. Instead of saying '겉치마들,' it is more natural to say '겉치마 여러 벌' (several sets of outer skirts). This shows a better grasp of Korean counting systems.

Finally, watch out for the spelling. The 't' sound at the end of 겉 is written with the batchim ㅌ. Some beginners mistakenly write it as 것 (thing) or 겄. 겉치마 (outer skirt) is very different from 것치마, which would be nonsensical. Accurate spelling is crucial for being understood in written Korean, especially when shopping online or reading fashion catalogs.

To expand your vocabulary around 겉치마, it is helpful to look at related clothing items and synonyms that vary by context and specificity. While 겉치마 is the most common term for the outer layer, Korean has a rich vocabulary for garments that can serve as alternatives depending on what you want to emphasize.

겉치마 vs. 치마 (Chima): 치마 is the umbrella term for any skirt. Use 겉치마 when you specifically want to distinguish it from the underskirt or when discussing the structural layers of a Hanbok. If you are just talking about a skirt in general, 치마 is sufficient.
겉치마 vs. 속치마 (Sokchima): These are direct opposites. 겉치마 is the visible outer layer; 속치마 is the functional inner layer. In modern fashion, sokchima is often translated as a slip or a petticoat.
겉치마 vs. 홑치마 (Hotchima): 홑치마 refers to a single-layered skirt. A 겉치마 can be a hotchima if it doesn't have its own lining, but usually, 겉치마 implies it is part of a multi-garment system.

Comparison Table:
• 겉치마: Focus on being the 'outer layer'.
• 주름치마: A pleated skirt (describing style).
• 통치마: A tubular/closed skirt (describing shape).
• 풀치마: A wrap-around skirt (describing construction).

In specialized contexts, you might hear the word 당의 (dangui) mentioned alongside 겉치마. A dangui is a royal over-jacket that is always worn with a formal 겉치마. Another interesting term is 무지기치마 (mujigi-chima), which is a specific type of tiered underskirt used to give the 겉치마 an incredible amount of volume, often worn by court ladies or brides.

When choosing which word to use, consider the 'why.' Are you describing the color? Use 겉치마. Are you describing the fact that it's a skirt and not pants? Use 치마. Are you complaining that it's see-through? Mention the 겉치마 and the need for a sokchima. This precision will make your Korean sound much more native and sophisticated.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient times, the word for skirt was 'chima' (赤麻), which some scholars believe has roots in the Mongolian word 'chimag'. The addition of 'geot' became necessary as clothing became more layered and complex during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties.

発音ガイド

UK /ɡʌt.tɕʰi.ma/

US /ɡʌt.tʃi.mɑ/

Stress is relatively even across all three syllables, typical of Korean, but a slight emphasis may be felt on the first syllable '겉'.

韻が合う語

속치마 (Sokchima) 앞치마 (Apchima) 무지개치마 (Mujigaechima) 주름치마 (Jureumchima) 미니스커트 (Mini-skirt - partial rhyme) 나마 (Nama) 설마 (Seolma) 가마 (Gama)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'eo' as 'o' (like 'got-chima').
Failing to tense the 'ch' sound after the 't' batchim.
Pronouncing 't' as a separate syllable instead of a stop.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize as it combines two common words (겉 + 치마).

ライティング 3/5

The batchim 'ㅌ' in '겉' can be tricky for beginners to remember.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward if rules of batchim are known.

リスニング 3/5

Might be confused with '속치마' or '앞치마' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

치마 (skirt) 겉 (outside) 입다 (to wear) 옷 (clothes) 색 (color)

次に学ぶ

속치마 (underskirt) 저고리 (jacket) 두르다 (to wrap) 여미다 (to fold/close) 한복 (Hanbok)

上級

단장 (decoration) 복식 (costume/attire) 말기 (waistband) 금박 (gold leaf) 자수 (embroidery)

知っておくべき文法

Noun + -를/을 (Object Particle)

겉치마를 입어요.

Noun + -이/가 (Subject Particle)

겉치마가 예뻐요.

Adjective Noun Modifier (-ㄴ/은)

긴 겉치마 (Long outer skirt)

Compound Noun Formation

겉 (outer) + 치마 (skirt) = 겉치마

Sequential Action (-고)

속치마를 입고 겉치마를 입어요.

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レベル別の例文

이 겉치마는 빨간색이에요.

This outer skirt is red.

Uses the subject particle '-는' and the '이에요' (to be) ending.

겉치마가 아주 예뻐요.

The outer skirt is very pretty.

Uses the subject particle '-가' to emphasize the specific skirt.

저는 겉치마를 입어요.

I wear the outer skirt.

Uses the object particle '-를' with the verb '입다' (to wear).

엄마의 겉치마는 길어요.

Mom's outer skirt is long.

Possessive '의' connects '엄마' (Mom) and '겉치마'.

이 겉치마는 비싸요?

Is this outer skirt expensive?

A simple question using the polite informal ending '-요?'.

동생이 겉치마를 봐요.

My younger sibling looks at the outer skirt.

Subject '동생' + object '겉치마' + verb '보다'.

노란 겉치마가 있어요.

There is a yellow outer skirt.

Uses the adjective form '노란' (yellow) and the existence verb '있어요'.

겉치마를 주세요.

Please give me the outer skirt.

Uses the imperative '주세요' (please give).

한복 겉치마를 빌리고 싶어요.

I want to rent a Hanbok outer skirt.

Uses '-고 싶다' (want to) with the verb '빌리다' (to rent).

명절에 겉치마를 입고 세배를 했어요.

I wore an outer skirt and did a traditional bow on the holiday.

Uses '-고' to connect two sequential actions.

이 겉치마는 색깔이 참 고와요.

The color of this outer skirt is truly beautiful.

The adjective '곱다' (beautiful/fine) is often used for colors and fabrics.

겉치마 아래에 속치마를 입어야 해요.

You must wear an underskirt under the outer skirt.

Uses '-어야 하다' (must/have to) to show necessity.

겉치마가 너무 길어서 걷기 힘들어요.

The outer skirt is too long, so it's hard to walk.

Uses '-아서/어서' (because/so) to show cause and effect.

어떤 겉치마가 저고리와 어울릴까요?

Which outer skirt would match the jacket?

Uses '어울리다' (to match/suit) with the speculative ending '-ㄹ까요?'.

저는 분홍색 겉치마를 골랐어요.

I chose the pink outer skirt.

Past tense '골랐어요' from the verb '고르다' (to choose).

겉치마를 깨끗하게 세탁했어요.

I washed the outer skirt cleanly.

Adverb '깨끗하게' (cleanly) modifying the verb '세탁하다' (to wash laundry).

한복의 미는 풍성한 겉치마에서 시작됩니다.

The beauty of Hanbok begins with the voluminous outer skirt.

Uses the formal ending '-습니다' and the particle '-에서' (from).

바람이 불자 겉치마 자락이 가볍게 흔들렸다.

As the wind blew, the hem of the outer skirt swayed lightly.

Uses the narrative past tense and the specific noun '자락' (hem/edge).

겉치마를 왼쪽 방향으로 여며서 입으세요.

Please wear the outer skirt by folding it toward the left.

The verb '여미다' is specific to closing garments that overlap.

이 겉치마는 실크로 만들어져서 감촉이 부드러워요.

This outer skirt is made of silk, so it feels soft to the touch.

Passive construction '만들어지다' (to be made).

결혼식 때 입을 화려한 겉치마를 맞춤 제작했어요.

I had a magnificent outer skirt custom-made to wear at the wedding.

Uses the future noun modifier '-ㄹ' with '입다'.

겉치마의 주름이 일정하게 잡혀 있어서 보기 좋네요.

The pleats of the outer skirt are evenly set, so it looks good.

Uses the state-of-being construction '-어 있다'.

전통 겉치마는 허리띠를 가슴 위쪽에서 묶습니다.

Traditional outer skirts have the waistband tied above the chest.

Specific cultural description of Hanbok structure.

겉치마가 구겨지지 않게 잘 걸어 두세요.

Hang the outer skirt carefully so it doesn't get wrinkled.

Uses '-지 않게' (so that... not) to show purpose.

현대적인 소재로 제작된 겉치마가 젊은 층 사이에서 인기입니다.

Outer skirts made of modern materials are popular among the younger generation.

Uses the past participial modifier '-ㄴ/은' with '제작되다'.

겉치마의 길이를 조절하여 활동성을 높인 개량 한복입니다.

It is a modified Hanbok that increased mobility by adjusting the length of the outer skirt.

Uses '-어/여' to connect actions with a sense of method.

박물관에는 조선 시대 왕비가 입었던 겉치마가 전시되어 있다.

The museum displays an outer skirt worn by a queen of the Joseon Dynasty.

Uses the retrospective modifier '-던' to indicate a past habit or state.

겉치마의 은은한 광택이 조명을 받아 더욱 신비롭게 보였다.

The subtle luster of the outer skirt looked even more mysterious under the lights.

Uses '받아' (receiving) to show how the light affects the appearance.

이 겉치마는 전통적인 방식에 따라 천연 염색을 했습니다.

This outer skirt was naturally dyed according to traditional methods.

Uses '따라' (according to) to show adherence to a method.

겉치마 자락을 살며시 잡고 계단을 오르는 모습이 우아하다.

The sight of her gracefully climbing the stairs while lightly holding the hem of her outer skirt is elegant.

Adverb '살며시' (gently/stealthily) adds descriptive depth.

겉치마와 저고리의 배색을 어떻게 하느냐에 따라 분위기가 달라진다.

The atmosphere changes depending on how you match the colors of the outer skirt and the jacket.

Uses '-느냐에 따라' (depending on whether/how).

겉치마의 원단이 얇아서 여름철에도 시원하게 입을 수 있습니다.

Because the fabric of the outer skirt is thin, it can be worn coolly even in summer.

Uses 'ㄹ 수 있다' (can) to show possibility/capability.

겉치마의 실루엣은 한국 전통 미학의 핵심인 '곡선의 미'를 잘 보여준다.

The silhouette of the outer skirt clearly demonstrates the 'beauty of curves,' the core of traditional Korean aesthetics.

Uses high-level vocabulary like '미학' (aesthetics) and '핵심' (core).

사극 속의 겉치마는 인물의 신분과 성격을 드러내는 중요한 장치로 활용된다.

In historical dramas, the outer skirt is utilized as an important device to reveal a character's status and personality.

Uses '드러내는' (revealing) as a noun modifier.

그녀는 겉치마 속에 여러 겹의 속치마를 껴입어 풍성한 부피감을 연출했다.

She created a voluminous feel by wearing several layers of underskirts beneath her outer skirt.

Uses '껴입다' (to wear layers) and '연출하다' (to direct/produce an effect).

전통적인 겉치마 제작 기법을 계승하려는 장인들의 노력이 계속되고 있다.

Artisans' efforts to inherit traditional outer skirt making techniques are continuing.

Uses '계승하다' (to inherit/succeed) and '장인' (artisan).

겉치마의 말기 부분에 수놓아진 문양은 장수와 복을 기원하는 의미를 담고 있다.

The patterns embroidered on the waistband of the outer skirt contain meanings of wishing for longevity and good fortune.

Uses '담고 있다' (to contain/hold) for abstract meanings.

단순히 옷을 넘어, 겉치마는 한국 여인들의 절제된 아름다움을 상징하기도 한다.

Beyond being just clothing, the outer skirt also symbolizes the restrained beauty of Korean women.

Uses '상징하기도 한다' (also symbolizes).

겉치마의 옷감으로 사용되는 사(紗)나 라(羅)는 그 짜임이 매우 정교하다.

The gauze or silk used as fabric for the outer skirt has an extremely sophisticated weave.

Uses technical textile terms like '사' and '라'.

계절의 변화에 맞춰 겉치마의 소재와 색감을 달리하는 것은 한국의 오랜 관습이다.

It is a long-standing Korean custom to vary the material and color palette of the outer skirt according to the changing seasons.

Uses '맞춰' (in accordance with) and '달리하는 것' (the act of making different).

겉치마의 방대한 부피와 대조되는 저고리의 짧은 길이는 조형적 긴장감을 유발한다.

The short length of the jacket, contrasting with the vast volume of the outer skirt, induces a formal/plastic tension.

Uses academic terms like '조형적 긴장감' (plastic/formal tension).

유교적 가치관이 지배하던 사회에서 겉치마는 여성의 신체를 은폐하고 보호하는 사회적 기호였다.

In a society dominated by Confucian values, the outer skirt was a social signifier that concealed and protected the female body.

Uses '은폐하다' (to conceal) and '기호' (sign/symbol).

포스트모더니즘 관점에서 겉치마의 해체와 재구성은 한국 패션의 새로운 지평을 열고 있다.

From a postmodern perspective, the deconstruction and reconstruction of the outer skirt are opening new horizons for Korean fashion.

Uses '해체' (deconstruction) and '재구성' (reconstruction).

겉치마 자락이 바닥에 끌리며 내는 바스락거리는 소리는 고전 소설에서 청각적 심상으로 자주 활용된다.

The rustling sound made by the hem of the outer skirt dragging on the floor is frequently utilized as auditory imagery in classical novels.

Uses '청각적 심상' (auditory imagery).

직조 방식의 미세한 차이가 겉치마가 빛을 반사하는 각도를 결정하여 시각적 깊이를 더한다.

Minute differences in the weaving method determine the angle at which the outer skirt reflects light, adding visual depth.

Technical explanation of light physics in textiles.

겉치마의 염색 과정에서 매염제의 농도는 색의 채도뿐만 아니라 원단의 내구성에도 영향을 미친다.

In the dyeing process of the outer skirt, the concentration of the mordant affects not only the color saturation but also the durability of the fabric.

Uses '뿐만 아니라' (not only... but also) and '영향을 미치다' (to influence).

전통 복식 연구에 있어 겉치마의 잔존 유물은 당시의 생활상과 기술 수준을 가늠하는 척도가 된다.

In the study of traditional costumes, surviving artifacts of outer skirts serve as a yardstick for gauging the lifestyle and technological level of the time.

Uses '가늠하는 척도' (a measure/yardstick for gauging).

겉치마라는 명칭 자체가 내포하는 '안'과 '겉'의 이분법은 한국인의 공간 지각 방식과도 궤를 같이한다.

The dichotomy of 'inner' and 'outer' inherent in the name 'geotchima' aligns with the way Koreans perceive space.

Uses '내포하는' (inherent/connoting) and '궤를 같이하다' (to be in line with).

よく使う組み合わせ

겉치마를 입다

겉치마를 여미다

풍성한 겉치마

실크 겉치마

겉치마 자락

겉치마를 두르다

화려한 겉치마

겉치마의 색깔

겉치마를 다리다

개량 겉치마

よく使うフレーズ

겉치마를 입히다

— To help someone else put on an outer skirt. Often used for children or brides.

어머니는 어린 딸에게 겉치마를 입혀 주셨다.

겉치마가 끌리다

— The outer skirt is dragging on the floor. Usually a sign that it is too long.

겉치마가 너무 길어서 바닥에 끌려요.

겉치마를 잡다

— To hold the skirt, usually to prevent it from dragging or to walk more easily.

그녀는 겉치마를 살짝 잡고 계단을 내려왔다.

겉치마를 맞추다

— To have an outer skirt custom-made (tailored).

결혼식을 위해 비단으로 겉치마를 맞췄어요.

겉치마를 두르다

— To wrap the outer skirt around the waist.

한복 입는 법의 첫 단계는 겉치마를 두르는 것입니다.

겉치마가 비치다

— The outer skirt is translucent/see-through.

여름용 겉치마는 얇아서 속치마가 비칠 수 있어요.

겉치마를 벗다

— To take off the outer skirt.

집에 돌아오자마자 불편한 겉치마를 벗었다.

겉치마를 고르다

— To choose an outer skirt.

대여점에서 수많은 겉치마 중에서 하나를 골랐다.

겉치마를 세탁하다

— To wash the outer skirt.

실크 겉치마는 집에서 세탁하면 안 됩니다.

겉치마가 고운

— Having a beautiful/fine outer skirt.

겉치마가 고운 여인이 지나갔다.

よく混同される語

겉치마 vs 속치마

The underskirt. Learners often mix these up. Remember 'Geot' is Out, 'Sok' is In.

겉치마 vs 앞치마

An apron. While it also goes 'over' clothes, it's for work/cooking, not for the main dress.

겉치마 vs 치마바지

Culottes or skorts. These are modern garments, not traditional layered skirts.

慣用句と表現

"겉치마만 번드르르하다"

— To look good only on the outside while the inside is lacking. Similar to 'all show and no substance.'

그 사람은 겉치마만 번드르르하지 실속은 하나도 없다.

Colloquial

"겉치마 자락에 매달리다"

— To cling to someone's skirt; to rely heavily on a woman (often a mother or wife).

다 큰 아들이 아직도 엄마 겉치마 자락에 매달려 있다.

Informal/Metaphorical

"겉치마가 짧다"

— Literally the skirt is short, but metaphorically can imply someone is acting in a way that is not modest enough for traditional standards.

그녀는 행동이 가벼워 겉치마가 짧다는 소리를 듣는다.

Archaic/Metaphorical

"겉치마를 휘두르다"

— To wield power as a woman in a household. Similar to 'wearing the pants' but in a feminine context.

그 집은 할머니가 겉치마를 휘두르며 모든 결정을 하신다.

Informal

"겉치마 속에 칼을 품다"

— To hide a dangerous intent behind a graceful exterior.

그녀의 미소는 아름답지만 겉치마 속에 칼을 품고 있을지 모른다.

Literary

"겉치마 바람"

— The 'wind' of a woman's influence, often used negatively to describe excessive involvement in social or political affairs.

동네에 겉치마 바람이 불어 시끄럽다.

Colloquial/Negative

"겉치마가 무겁다"

— To be dignified and slow to act; to have a heavy/serious presence.

그 부인은 겉치마가 무거워 함부로 말을 옮기지 않는다.

Honorific/Archaic

"겉치마를 적시다"

— To cry (wetting the skirt with tears).

슬픈 소식에 그녀는 겉치마를 적시며 울었다.

Literary

"겉치마가 해지다"

— To become poor (worn out skirt).

겉치마가 해질 정도로 가난한 형편이었다.

Neutral/Literary

"겉치마를 펼치다"

— To show off one's beauty or influence.

그녀는 사교계에서 화려하게 겉치마를 펼쳤다.

Metaphorical

間違えやすい

겉치마 vs 겉옷

Both start with '겉'.

겉옷 is a general term for any outerwear (coats, jackets), while 겉치마 is specifically a skirt.

추우니까 겉옷을 입으세요. (Wear outerwear because it's cold.)

겉치마 vs 속치마

They are the two main layers of a skirt.

겉치마 is the visible outer layer; 속치마 is the hidden inner layer.

겉치마가 비치지 않게 속치마를 입어야 해요.

겉치마 vs 홑치마

Both describe a single skirt layer.

홑치마 means a single-layered skirt (no lining), whereas 겉치마 refers to the position in an ensemble.

여름에는 시원한 홑치마를 입기도 합니다.

겉치마 vs 치마폭

Both relate to the skirt's structure.

치마폭 refers to the width or breadth of the skirt fabric, not the skirt itself.

겉치마의 치마폭이 넓을수록 우아해 보여요.

겉치마 vs 말기

It's a part of the 겉치마.

말기 is specifically the waistband, not the whole skirt.

겉치마의 말기 부분에 수를 놓았습니다.

文型パターン

이것은 [Color] 겉치마입니다.

이것은 노란 겉치마입니다.

[Noun]은/는 겉치마를 입었습니다.

언니는 겉치마를 입었습니다.

[Adjective] 겉치마가 [Verb]-아/어서 좋습니다.

풍성한 겉치마가 우아해서 좋습니다.

겉치마를 [Direction]으로 여미세요.

겉치마를 왼쪽으로 여미세요.

겉치마의 소재가 [Material]이라서 [Effect].

겉치마의 소재가 비단이라서 광택이 납니다.

[Verb]-는 겉치마 자락이 [Adjective].

흩날리는 겉치마 자락이 아름답다.

겉치마는 [Symbolism]을/를 상징합니다.

겉치마는 여인의 절제미를 상징합니다.

겉치마의 [Technical Detail]이/가 [Outcome]을/를 좌우한다.

겉치마의 주름 간격이 전체적인 실루엣을 좌우한다.

語族

名詞

치마 (skirt)

속치마 (underskirt)

앞치마 (apron)

치마저고리 (skirt and jacket set)

치마폭 (width of a skirt)

動詞

치마입다 (to wear a skirt - though usually used as two words)

치마두르다 (to wrap a skirt around)

形容詞

치마가 길다 (skirt is long)

치마가 짧다 (skirt is short)

使い方

frequency

Low in daily modern life, but High in cultural, historical, and wedding contexts.

よくある間違い

Using '겉치마' for a modern mini-skirt. → Use '치마' or '스커트'.
겉치마 implies a layered traditional system. Using it for a simple modern skirt sounds weirdly technical.
Writing '것치마' instead of '겉치마'. → 겉치마
것 means 'thing', while 겉 means 'outer'. They sound similar but have completely different meanings.
Confusing '겉치마' with '앞치마'. → 겉치마 is the dress; 앞치마 is the apron.
If you ask for a 'geotchima' to cook in, people will be very confused!
Saying '겉치마를 신다'. → 겉치마를 입다.
신다 is only for things you wear on your feet (shoes, socks). Skirts are always '입다'.
Thinking '겉치마' is the same as '한복'. → 겉치마 is just one part of a Hanbok.
A Hanbok is the whole outfit (jacket + skirt). 겉치마 is just the skirt part.

ヒント

Remember the Compound

Break the word down: Geot (Outside) + Chima (Skirt). This 'Geot' prefix is very common in Korean (e.g., Geot-ot for coat, Geot-moseup for outer appearance).

Left or Right?

When wearing a traditional 겉치마, the opening should usually be on the left side. Wrapping it to the right was historically associated with different social contexts or mourning.

Volume is Key

The beauty of a 겉치마 is its volume. If you are renting one, make sure to get a good 'sokchima' (underskirt) to make the 겉치마 look its best.

Walking in a 겉치마

When walking, it's polite to slightly lift the front of the 겉치마 so you don't trip. This gesture is considered very feminine and graceful in Korea.

Verb Pairing

Always use '입다' (ip-da) for wearing the skirt. Don't use '하다' (ha-da) or '쓰다' (sseu-da).

Fabric Choice

If you want a 겉치마 that doesn't wrinkle easily, look for 'mul-silk' (washable polyester silk) rather than pure natural silk.

Sageuk Watching

Next time you watch a Korean historical drama, look at the 겉치마. The higher the rank of the woman, the more 'geumbak' (gold leaf) you will see on the skirt.

The 'T' Stop

Make sure to cut the sound short on 'Geot'. It's a stop, not a released 't' sound. This makes you sound more native.

Spelling Check

Be careful with the batchim. It's 'ㅌ', not 'ㅅ'. Even though they sound similar as a stop, '겉' is the correct spelling for 'outer'.

The 'Chima' Flare

For the best photos in a Hanbok, spin around! The way the 겉치마 flares out is the most iconic shot.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Geot' as 'Go-Out'. You wear the 'Geot-chima' when you 'Go-Out' and people see it. 'Chima' sounds like 'Cheerleader's' skirt.

視覚的連想

Imagine a bell. The 'Geotchima' is the outer metal part of the bell that everyone sees and touches.

Word Web

한복 (Hanbok) 속치마 (Underskirt) 비단 (Silk) 주름 (Pleats) 전통 (Tradition) 패션 (Fashion) 결혼 (Wedding) 저고리 (Jacket)

チャレンジ

Try to describe three different colors of a 겉치마 using Korean adjectives (e.g., 빨간, 파란, 노란).

語源

A compound of the native Korean words '겉' (geot) and '치마' (chima).

元の意味： The outside skirt.

Koreanic

文化的な背景

When discussing Hanbok, it's important to respect it as a cultural heritage. Avoid calling it a 'costume' (코스튬) as it is a 'traditional dress' (전통 의상).

English speakers often just say 'Hanbok skirt' or 'traditional skirt.' Using 'Geotchima' shows a specific knowledge of the layering system similar to 'petticoat' vs. 'dress.'

Paintings by Shin Yun-bok (e.g., 'Portrait of a Beauty') feature detailed depictions of the geotchima. The drama 'Dae Jang Geum' (Jewel in the Palace) showcases various geotchima for different palace ranks. K-pop group BLACKPINK wore modernized geotchima in their 'How You Like That' music video.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Hanbok Rental Shop

이 겉치마로 할게요.
다른 색깔 겉치마도 있나요?
겉치마가 너무 길어요.
추천해주실 겉치마가 있나요?

Traditional Wedding

신부 겉치마가 정말 화려해요.
겉치마를 잘 여며주세요.
폐백 때 입을 겉치마입니다.
양가 어머니 겉치마 색을 맞췄어요.

Historical Drama Discussion

주인공 겉치마 색이 특이하네.
조선 시대 겉치마는 참 풍성해.
저 겉치마 자수 좀 봐.
신분에 따라 겉치마 색이 달라요.

Museum Visit

이것은 18세기 겉치마입니다.
겉치마의 소재가 무엇인가요?
겉치마에 금박이 박혀 있어요.
전통 겉치마의 구조를 설명해줍니다.

Modern Fashion Shop

이건 겉치마 스타일의 랩스커트예요.
평소에도 입을 수 있는 겉치마입니다.
겉치마 길이를 수선할 수 있나요?
현대적인 감각의 겉치마예요.

会話のきっかけ

"한복을 입을 때 어떤 색깔의 겉치마를 가장 좋아하세요?"

"전통 겉치마와 개량 겉치마 중에서 어떤 스타일이 더 편할까요?"

"경복궁에 갈 때 입을 겉치마를 같이 골라주실래요?"

"한국 드라마에서 본 겉치마 중에 가장 기억에 남는 게 있나요?"

"겉치마를 직접 만들어보는 원데이 클래스에 관심 있으세요?"

日記のテーマ

내가 만약 조선 시대 사람이라면 어떤 색깔과 무늬의 겉치마를 입고 싶을지 써보세요.

한복 대여점에서 겉치마를 골랐던 경험이나, 고르고 싶은 겉치마에 대해 묘사해보세요.

전통적인 겉치마가 현대 패션에 어떤 영향을 줄 수 있을지 자신의 생각을 정리해보세요.

겉치마와 속치마의 관계를 통해 '내면'과 '외면'의 중요성에 대해 비유적으로 써보세요.

박물관에서 본 아주 오래된 겉치마의 주인이 누구였을지 상상해서 짧은 이야기를 지어보세요.

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A regular skirt (치마) is a general term. 겉치마 specifically refers to the outer layer of a traditional Korean outfit. You wouldn't call jeans or a mini-skirt a 'geotchima' unless it was part of a layered costume.

Most traditional 겉치마 are wrap-around styles. You wrap it around your waist (or chest for Hanbok), bring the straps around, and tie them in the front or side. Usually, women wrap it to the left.

Yes, in the context of traditional Korean attire, 겉치마 refers to a woman's garment. Men wear 'baji' (pants) as their outer lower garment.

Technically yes, but it won't look right. The 겉치마 needs the 'sokchima' (underskirt) to provide the bell-shaped volume and to prevent the outer fabric from clinging to your legs or being see-through.

Any color is possible! Historically, red was popular for brides, blue for mothers of the groom, and pink for mothers of the bride. Today, pastel colors are very trendy.

Silk 겉치마 should almost always be dry-cleaned. Washing them in water can ruin the fabric's luster and shape. If it's a modern 'saenghwal hanbok' made of cotton, you might be able to hand wash it.

The 'malgi' is the wide waistband at the top of the 겉치마. In traditional Joseon style, it was white. In modern styles, it's often the same color as the skirt or decorated with patterns.

The length is intended to cover the feet, creating a graceful, floating appearance. Historically, it also emphasized the wearer's high status as they didn't need to perform manual labor.

The word itself is mainly used for Hanbok. However, 'Saenghwal Hanbok' (modern daily Hanbok) is becoming popular, so you might hear it in fashion boutiques.

No, an apron is 'ap-chima' (앞치마). Using 'geotchima' for an apron would be incorrect.

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