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A2 verb #2,000 よく出る 5分で読める

열리다

yeollida
At the A1 level, you only need to know '열리다' in its most basic physical sense. It means 'to open' as a result of something else. For example, 'The door opens' (문이 열려요). You usually learn this when talking about things in a room or when you are describing what you see. It is important to remember that the door is the subject (문이), not the object. You don't '열리다' the door; the door just '열리다' by itself or because of the wind. Think of it as a state change you are observing. You might also hear it in very simple announcements like 'The elevator door is opening.' Focus on the present tense '열려요' and the past tense '열렸어요.'
At the A2 level, you expand your use of '열리다' to include simple events and states. You should be able to say that a party or a small meeting is 'being held' using this word. For example, '우리 집에서 파티가 열려요' (A party is being held at my house). You also start using the 'state' form '열려 있다' to describe things that are already open. If you see a window open and want to tell someone, you say '창문이 열려 있어요.' This level also introduces the idea of '열리다' being used for fruit on trees, which is common in basic descriptions of nature or seasons. You should distinguish clearly between '열다' (active) and '열리다' (passive).
At the B1 level, you use '열리다' more naturally in social and semi-formal contexts. You will use it to describe festivals, exhibitions, and sports matches. You should understand the nuance of using '열리다' in the future tense for upcoming events, like '축제가 열릴 거예요.' You also begin to see '열리다' in more abstract ways, such as '길이 열리다' (a path/way opens up), which can mean a literal path or a metaphorical opportunity. Your understanding of the passive voice in Korean deepens here, recognizing that '열리다' is part of a pattern of passive verbs ending in '-리-'. You should be comfortable using it in complex sentences with connectors like '-어서' or '-니까'.
At the B2 level, '열리다' appears in formal reports, news articles, and professional settings. You will encounter it in phrases like '새로운 시대가 열리다' (a new era opens) or '가능성이 열려 있다' (possibilities are open). You should be able to use it to describe the opening of diplomatic relations or the start of a large-scale international conference. The distinction between '열리다' and more formal synonyms like '개최되다' (to be hosted) or '개방되다' (to be opened to the public) becomes important. You will also use it in more sophisticated grammatical structures, such as the causative-passive or when describing the result of a long-term process, like '드디어 결실이 열렸다' (finally, the results/fruit have appeared).
At the C1 level, you master the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of '열리다.' It is used to describe the opening of a person's heart (마음이 열리다), the broadening of one's horizons (시야가 열리다), or the beginning of a historical movement. You will understand the subtle nuances in literature where '열리다' might describe the dawn (새벽이 열리다) or the unfolding of a complex plot. You can use it to discuss socio-economic changes, such as '시장이 개방되면서 새로운 기회가 열렸다' (as the market opened, new opportunities opened up). Your usage should be precise, choosing '열리다' over other verbs to convey a sense of natural progression or an inevitable opening of a situation.
At the C2 level, '열리다' is used with absolute precision in academic, philosophical, and highly formal contexts. You might use it to discuss the 'opening of a new paradigm' in science or the 'unfolding of human consciousness' in philosophy. You understand its role in classical literature and can interpret its use in complex poetic metaphors. You are aware of its etymological roots and how it relates to other words in the '열-' family. You can use it in high-level debates to describe the opening of dialogue between conflicting parties or the structural opening of a society. At this level, the word is not just a verb but a tool for describing the fundamental transition from a closed, restricted state to one of possibility and expansion.
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열리다 30秒で

  • Used for physical objects like doors and windows opening naturally or by someone.
  • Essential for describing events, festivals, and meetings being held.
  • Specific botanical meaning for fruit growing or appearing on trees.
  • Metaphorical use for hearts opening or new opportunities arising.

The Korean verb 열리다 is the passive form of the active verb 열다 (to open). While 열다 focuses on the agent performing the action (e.g., 'I open the door'), 열리다 focuses on the object undergoing the change (e.g., 'The door opens' or 'The door is opened'). This distinction is crucial in Korean grammar as it shifts the focus of the sentence. Beyond the physical act of a door or window opening, this verb encompasses a wide range of abstract and functional meanings, including the hosting of events, the bearing of fruit on a tree, and the opening of one's mind or heart.

Physical State
Refers to a barrier, container, or passage moving from a closed state to an open one. (e.g., 문이 열리다 - The door opens)
Event Commencement
Used when a meeting, conference, or festival is being held or organized. (e.g., 회의가 열리다 - A meeting is held)
Natural Production
Specifically used in botany to describe fruit appearing and growing on a plant. (e.g., 사과가 열리다 - Apples grow/bear)

"바람 때문에 창문이 저절로 열렸다."

— Translation: The window opened by itself because of the wind.

In the physical sense, 열리다 often implies that the action happened without a specified human agent, or that the result of the action is what matters most. For instance, if you see a shop open, you might say "문이 열려 있어요" (The door is in the state of being open). This passive construction is preferred in Korean when describing natural phenomena or states where the 'who' is less important than the 'what'.

"내일 시청 광장에서 큰 축제가 열립니다."

— Translation: A big festival will be held at the City Hall square tomorrow.

When applied to events, 열리다 is the standard way to announce that something is taking place. It sounds more natural and formal than using active verbs in many contexts. For example, in news broadcasts or official announcements, you will almost always hear "올림픽이 열리다" (The Olympics are held) rather than an active construction. This usage highlights the event as a significant occurrence in time and space.

"나무에 빨간 사과가 많이 열렸어요."

— Translation: Many red apples have grown on the tree.

Finally, the botanical usage is unique. Unlike English where we might say 'the tree has fruit,' Korean uses the passive 'fruit is opened' (열리다) to describe the process of bearing fruit. This visualizes the fruit as something that emerges or 'opens up' from the tree's branches. It is a poetic yet common way to describe a successful harvest or the growth cycle of plants.

Using 열리다 correctly requires understanding its conjugation and its relationship with the particles 이/가. Since it is a passive verb, it describes a state or an action happening to a subject. Let's break down its usage into three primary categories: physical, social, and natural.

1. Physical Opening (States and Actions)

When a door, window, or lid opens, use 열리다. If you want to describe the state of being open, use the -아/어 있다 form: 열려 있다.

  • 문이 열려요: The door opens (present action).
  • 문이 열렸어요: The door opened (past action).
  • 문이 열려 있어요: The door is open (current state).

2. Events and Gatherings

For meetings, festivals, or games, 열리다 is the go-to verb. It is often used with location markers like -에서.

"이번 전시회는 서울역사박물관에서 열립니다."

(This exhibition is being held at the Seoul Museum of History.)

3. Botanical Context (Bearing Fruit)

When describing trees or plants producing fruit, 열리다 is used. The fruit is the subject.

In summary, always ensure your subject is the thing that is opening or being held. Avoid using an object with 을/를, as that would require the active verb 열다.

You will encounter 열리다 in various daily life scenarios in Korea. Its versatility makes it a high-frequency word across different registers of speech.

Public Transportation
On the subway or bus, you will hear announcements like: "내리실 문은 왼쪽입니다. 문이 열립니다." (The exit is on the left. The doors are opening.)
News and Media
News anchors use it to report on global events: "다음 달 파리에서 하계 올림픽이 열릴 예정입니다." (The Summer Olympics are scheduled to be held in Paris next month.)
Daily Conversations
Friends might ask: "가방이 열려 있는데 괜찮아?" (Your bag is open, is it okay?) or "오늘 백화점 몇 시에 열려?" (What time does the department store open today?)

In literature and K-dramas, it is often used metaphorically. A character might say "마음의 문이 열렸다" (The door to [someone's] heart has opened), indicating a breakthrough in a relationship or emotional state. It is also common in business contexts when discussing 'opening' new markets or opportunities (새로운 시장이 열리다).

1. Confusing Passive (열리다) with Active (열다)

The most common mistake for learners is using the wrong verb for the context. If you are the one doing the opening, use 열다. If the thing is opening by itself or you are describing its state, use 열리다.

Incorrect

내가 문이 열렸어요. (I opened the door - wrong particle/verb combo)

Correct

내가 문을 열었어요. (I opened the door.)

2. Incorrect Particle Usage

Because 열리다 is passive, it cannot take an object. You must use 이/가. Using 을/를 with 열리다 is a grammatical error.

3. Misusing the State Form (-아/어 있다)

Learners often say "문이 열리고 있어요" when they mean the door is already open. 열리고 있다 means the door is currently in the process of swinging open. To say it is already open, you must use 열려 있다.

While 열리다 is very common, other words might be more appropriate depending on the level of formality or the specific context.

개최되다 (To be held/hosted)
A more formal, Sino-Korean version of 열리다 used for official events, conferences, or international games.
"G20 정상회의가 서울에서 개최되었다."
개방되다 (To be opened to the public)
Used when a space that was previously restricted is now open for people to enter.
"청와대가 국민에게 개방되었다."
피다 (To bloom)
While 열리다 is for fruit, 피다 is used for flowers opening.
"꽃이 활짝 피었습니다."
트이다 (To be cleared/opened up)
Used for views, paths, or even one's luck/future.
"전망이 확 트인 방."

Choosing between these depends on whether you are talking about a physical object, a formal event, or a natural process. 열리다 remains the most versatile 'all-rounder' for daily life.

How Formal Is It?

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1

문이 열려요.

The door opens.

Present tense, polite informal.

2

창문이 열렸어요.

The window opened.

Past tense, polite informal.

3

가방이 열려 있어요.

The bag is open.

-아/어 있다 (state of being).

4

엘리베이터 문이 열립니다.

The elevator doors are opening.

Formal polite style (-ㅂ니다).

5

병이 안 열려요.

The bottle won't open.

Negative '안' + present tense.

6

상자가 열려요?

Does the box open?

Question form.

7

문이 자동으로 열려요.

The door opens automatically.

Adverb '자동으로' (automatically).

8

서랍이 잘 안 열려요.

The drawer doesn't open well.

Adverb '잘 안' (not well).

1

오늘 학교에서 파티가 열려요.

A party is being held at school today.

Subject (파티) + 이/가.

2

나무에 사과가 많이 열렸어요.

Many apples have grown on the tree.

Botanical usage (bearing fruit).

3

백화점은 10시에 열립니다.

The department store opens at 10 o'clock.

Time marker -에.

4

바람에 문이 쾅 열렸어요.

The door slammed open in the wind.

Cause marker -에 (due to wind).

5

여기서 축제가 열릴 거예요.

A festival will be held here.

Future tense -(으)ㄹ 거예요.

6

지갑이 열려 있어서 돈을 잃어버렸어요.

My wallet was open, so I lost my money.

Reason connector -아서.

7

매주 토요일에 시장이 열려요.

A market is held every Saturday.

Frequency '매주' (every week).

8

회의가 몇 시에 열리는지 아세요?

Do you know what time the meeting is being held?

Indirect question -는지 아세요?

1

내일 서울에서 큰 마라톤 대회가 열립니다.

A big marathon will be held in Seoul tomorrow.

Formal event announcement.

2

드디어 우리에게도 기회의 문이 열렸어요.

Finally, the door of opportunity has opened for us too.

Metaphorical usage (opportunity).

3

꽃이 지고 나면 열매가 열릴 거예요.

After the flowers fall, fruit will grow.

Sequence connector -고 나면.

4

창문을 열어 두었는데 갑자기 비가 와서 문이 열린 채로 젖었어요.

I left the window open, and it got wet while open because it suddenly rained.

-ㄴ 채로 (in the state of).

5

이번 전시회는 무료로 열린다고 합니다.

They say this exhibition is being held for free.

Quoted speech -는다고 하다.

6

사람들의 마음이 열리기 시작했어요.

People's hearts have started to open.

-기 시작하다 (start to).

7

길이 꽉 막혀 있었는데 이제야 길이 좀 열리네요.

The road was completely blocked, but now it's finally opening up a bit.

Exclamatory ending -네요.

8

새로운 세상이 열리는 기분이에요.

It feels like a new world is opening up.

Noun modifying form -는 + 기분이다.

1

남북 간의 대화 창구가 다시 열리게 되었습니다.

The channel for dialogue between the North and South has been reopened.

-게 되다 (come to be).

2

이번 올림픽은 전 세계의 관심 속에 열렸습니다.

This Olympics was held amidst global interest.

Formal passive construction.

3

오랜 노력 끝에 드디어 성공의 길이 열렸다.

After long efforts, the path to success has finally opened.

Noun + 끝에 (at the end of).

4

그의 강연을 듣고 나서 새로운 시야가 열린 것 같아요.

After listening to his lecture, I feel like a new perspective has opened up.

Metaphorical '시야' (vision/perspective).

5

정기 총회가 다음 주 월요일에 열릴 예정입니다.

The regular general meeting is scheduled to be held next Monday.

Noun + 예정 (schedule).

6

가을이 되면 산마다 붉은 열매가 열립니다.

When autumn comes, red berries grow on every mountain.

Conditional -면.

7

비밀번호를 세 번 틀리면 문이 열리지 않습니다.

If you get the password wrong three times, the door will not open.

Negative -지 않다.

8

기술의 발전으로 새로운 시장이 열리고 있습니다.

With the development of technology, new markets are opening up.

Present progressive -고 있다.

1

근대화와 함께 새로운 역사의 지평이 열렸다.

With modernization, a new horizon of history opened.

Literary/Historical context.

2

그의 진심 어린 사과에 닫혔던 마음이 서서히 열리기 시작했다.

At his sincere apology, the closed heart began to open slowly.

Contrast between 닫히다 and 열리다.

3

이번 학술 대회는 '인공지능의 미래'라는 주제로 열립니다.

This academic conference is held under the theme of 'The Future of AI'.

Theme marker -(이)라는 주제로.

4

정부의 규제 완화로 인해 투자 활로가 열리게 되었다.

Due to the government's deregulation, a path for investment has opened.

Cause marker -(으)로 인해.

5

우주의 신비를 풀 수 있는 새로운 문이 열린 셈이다.

It is as if a new door to solving the mysteries of the universe has opened.

-ㄴ 셈이다 (it's as if/practically).

6

전통 시장의 활성화를 위해 야시장이 열리고 있다.

Night markets are being held to revitalize traditional markets.

Purpose marker -(으)를 위해.

7

그의 소설은 한국 문학의 새로운 가능성을 열었다는 평가를 받는다.

His novel is evaluated as having opened new possibilities for Korean literature.

Noun clause -ㄴ다는 평가.

8

눈앞에 펼쳐진 광경에 입이 딱 벌어지고 눈이 번쩍 열리는 듯했다.

The sight before my eyes made my mouth hang open and my eyes feel wide open.

Idiomatic expression.

1

포스트 모더니즘의 도래와 함께 예술의 새로운 패러다임이 열렸다.

With the arrival of postmodernism, a new paradigm of art opened.

Philosophical/Academic register.

2

인류의 지혜가 결집되어 평화의 시대가 열리기를 갈망한다.

I long for an era of peace to open through the gathering of human wisdom.

Subjunctive-like desire -기를 갈망하다.

3

구조적 모순이 해결되지 않는 한 진정한 소통의 장이 열리기는 어렵다.

As long as structural contradictions are not resolved, it is difficult for a true field of communication to open.

-는 한 (as long as).

4

동이 트며 어둠을 뚫고 찬란한 아침이 열렸다.

As dawn broke, a brilliant morning opened through the darkness.

Poetic/Literary description.

5

유전자 편집 기술은 인류에게 축복이자 재앙의 문이 동시에 열린 것과 같다.

Gene editing technology is like the door to both a blessing and a disaster opening for humanity at the same time.

Metaphorical comparison.

6

사회적 합의가 도출됨에 따라 개혁의 물꼬가 열리게 되었다.

As a social consensus was reached, the floodgates of reform were opened.

Idiom '물꼬가 열리다'.

7

그의 철학은 존재의 심연을 향해 열려 있는 창과 같다.

His philosophy is like a window open toward the abyss of existence.

Abstract philosophical usage.

8

역사는 반복되는 것이 아니라 끊임없이 새로운 장이 열리는 과정이다.

History is not something that repeats, but a process in which new chapters constantly open.

Negative 'A' but 'B' structure.

よく使う組み合わせ

문이 열리다 (door opens)
회의가 열리다 (meeting is held)
축제가 열리다 (festival is held)
열매가 열리다 (fruit grows)
마음이 열리다 (heart opens)
길이 열리다 (path opens)
입이 열리다 (start talking/amazed)
시장이 열리다 (market opens)
기회가 열리다 (opportunity opens)
눈이 열리다 (to have one's eyes opened)

よく使うフレーズ

문이 열려 있어요 (The door is open)

언제 열려요? (When does it open?)

활짝 열리다 (To open wide)

저절로 열리다 (To open by itself)

다시 열리다 (To reopen)

성황리에 열리다 (To be held successfully)

비밀리에 열리다 (To be held in secret)

정기적으로 열리다 (To be held regularly)

드디어 열렸다 (Finally opened)

꽉 닫혔던 문이 열리다 (A tightly closed door opens)

よく混同される語

열리다 vs 열다 (Active form)

열리다 vs 열리다 (Passive form)

열리다 vs 열리다 (Botanical: to bear fruit)

慣用句と表現

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間違えやすい

열리다 vs

열리다 vs

열리다 vs

열리다 vs

열리다 vs

文型パターン

使い方

state vs action

열리다 (Action: It is opening) vs 열려 있다 (State: It is already open).

passive vs active

열다 (Active: I open it) vs 열리다 (Passive: It opens).

よくある間違い
  • Using '을/를' with '열리다' (e.g., 문을 열려요 - Wrong).
  • Confusing '열리다' with '피다' for flowers.
  • Using '열리고 있다' for a door that is already open (should be '열려 있다').
  • Using '열다' when describing an event that 'is held' (should be '열리다').
  • Mispronouncing the 'ㄹㄹ' as a single 'r'.

ヒント

Subject-Verb Agreement

Always pair '열리다' with '이/가'. If you find yourself wanting to use '을/를', switch to the verb '열다'. This is the most important rule for this word.

Fruit vs. Flowers

Don't confuse '열리다' with '피다'. Fruit '열리다', but flowers '피다'. This is a common distinction in Korean nature descriptions.

Subway Practice

Next time you take a Korean subway, listen to the announcement '문이 열립니다'. It's the perfect way to hear the natural speed and intonation of this verb.

Event Planning

When writing an invitation or a notice, '열립니다' sounds professional and clear. It's the standard way to announce the 'where' and 'when' of an event.

Opening Hearts

Use '마음이 열리다' to describe getting closer to someone. It's a very common and beautiful expression in Korean dramas and literature.

The Double L

Make sure to pronounce the 'ㄹㄹ' in '열리다' clearly. It should sound like the 'll' in 'million', not a single 'r' sound.

Shop Hours

If you want to ask if a shop is currently open, ask '지금 열려 있어요?'. This focuses on the state, which is what you usually care about as a customer.

Natural Actions

Use '열리다' for things that happen due to nature, like a door opening because of the wind. It sounds more natural than saying the wind opened the door.

Finding Solutions

When you finally find a solution to a hard problem, you can say '길이 열렸다'. It's a great way to express relief and progress.

Formal Synonyms

As you move to B2/C1, try replacing '열리다' with '개최되다' in formal writing. It will make your Korean sound much more advanced.

暗記しよう

語源

文化的な背景

The bearing of fruit (열매가 열리다) is a common theme in Korean poetry, symbolizing the rewards of hard work.

Korean local governments host hundreds of festivals annually, and the phrase '축제가 열리다' is ubiquitous in regional tourism.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"오늘 학교에서 무슨 행사가 열려요? (What event is being held at school today?)"

"이 근처에 맛있는 과일이 열리는 나무가 있어요? (Is there a tree with delicious fruit growing nearby?)"

"백화점 문이 몇 시에 열리는지 알아요? (Do you know what time the department store opens?)"

"축제가 언제 열린다고 들었어요? (When did you hear the festival is being held?)"

"마음이 열리는 책을 추천해 줄 수 있어요? (Can you recommend a book that opens one's heart?)"

日記のテーマ

오늘 내 마음의 문이 열렸던 순간에 대해 써보세요. (Write about a moment today when your heart opened.)

우리 동네에서 열리는 축제에 대해 설명해 보세요. (Describe a festival held in your neighborhood.)

미래에 나에게 어떤 기회의 문이 열리기를 바라나요? (What door of opportunity do you hope opens for you in the future?)

창밖으로 보이는 나무에 무엇이 열려 있나요? (What is growing on the tree you see outside the window?)

새로운 세상이 열린다면 어떤 모습일까요? (If a new world opens up, what would it look like?)

よくある質問

10 問

No, you should use '열다' if a person is the subject doing the action. '열리다' is for when the door is the subject. For example, '내가 문을 열었다' (I opened the door) vs '문이 열렸다' (The door opened).

'열려요' describes the action of opening happening now. '열려 있어요' describes the state of the door already being open. Usually, when you see an open door, you use '열려 있어요'.

No, for flowers blooming, we use the verb '피다'. '열리다' is specifically for the fruit that comes after the flower. For example, '꽃이 피고 사과가 열렸다'.

It is a standard verb used in all levels of formality. However, for very formal events like international summits, '개최되다' is often preferred in writing.

You can say '가게 문이 열려 있어요' or simply '가게가 열려 있어요'. If you want to say it opens at a certain time, use '가게가 10시에 열려요'.

Mostly, yes, but remember the specific meanings for events (to be held) and plants (to bear fruit). These are very common in Korean.

Yes, '책이 열리다' can be used, but '책을 펴다' (to open/unfold a book) is more common when a person is doing it. '책이 열려 있다' is fine for an open book.

Use the location particle '-에서'. For example, '서울에서 축제가 열려요' (A festival is held in Seoul).

The root is '열-', but when the passive suffix '-이-' is added, it becomes '열리-'. It conjugates like a regular '-이' verb (열려요, 열립니다, 열렸다).

Yes, you can say '프로그램이 안 열려요' (The program won't open) or '창이 열렸어요' (A window/tab opened).

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