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A2 noun 14分で読める

采购

caigou3

練習する例文メモとヒント采购 30秒で

解説采购 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express the act of buying things. Usually, you will use the simple word '买' (mǎi). However, '采购' (cǎigòu) is introduced as a special kind of 'buying' that happens when you are buying things for a group or a big event. Imagine you are helping your teacher buy many pens for the whole class. You are not just buying one pen for yourself; you are 'procuring' pens for everyone. This word helps you describe more than just personal shopping. It shows you understand that sometimes buying is a bigger task. You might see this word on signs in a big wholesale market or in a story about someone preparing for a big party. At this stage, just remember that '采购' is for when you buy *a lot* of things for a *reason*.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use '采购' in more specific contexts, especially related to work or organized activities. You might talk about '采购办公用品' (cǎigòu bàngōng yòngpǐn - procuring office supplies). This is a very common phrase in HSK 2 and A2 level materials. You should understand that '采购' is a more formal way to say 'buy' when the context is professional. You can use it as a verb, like '我要去采购东西' (I'm going to procure things), or as a noun, like '这是我们的采购计划' (This is our procurement plan). You are also starting to see it in the context of holidays, like '采购年货' (buying New Year goods). The key is to recognize that '采购' is more 'planned' than just '买'.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '采购' in a business or organizational setting. You will encounter the word '采购部' (cǎigòubù - procurement department) and understand that this is a specific functional area in a company. You should be able to discuss the process of procurement, using words like '供应商' (gōngyìngshāng - supplier) and '成本' (chéngběn - cost). At this level, you can also start to compare '采购' with other words like '购买' (gòumǎi) or '订购' (dìnggòu). You should understand that '采购' involves a searching and selecting phase. For example, '采购员正在寻找新的供应商' (The purchasing agent is looking for new suppliers). This shows a deeper understanding of the word's meaning beyond just the exchange of money.

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At the B2 level, '采购' becomes a technical term used in discussions about supply chain management, economics, and law. You will read about '政府采购' (public procurement) and the regulations that surround it. You should be able to analyze how '采购成本' (procurement costs) affect a company's '利润' (profit). At this stage, you are expected to use '采购' in formal writing and presentations. You might discuss '集中采购' (centralized procurement) or '招标采购' (bidding procurement). You should also be aware of the '采购经理人指数' (PMI) and how it reflects the health of the manufacturing sector. Your use of the word should reflect an understanding of its strategic importance in a modern economy.

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At the C1 level, you are exploring the nuances of procurement strategy and global logistics. You will encounter '采购' in academic papers and high-level business reports. You should be able to discuss complex topics like '供应链采购风险管理' (supply chain procurement risk management) or '可持续采购' (sustainable procurement). At this level, you understand how procurement interacts with international trade laws and environmental regulations. You can use '采购' to describe the sophisticated acquisition of intellectual property or high-tech services. You are also sensitive to the ethical implications of procurement, such as '采购中的腐败问题' (corruption in procurement). Your vocabulary will include related terms like '申购' (purchase requisition) and '验收' (acceptance/inspection).

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of '采购' and its place in the global macroeconomic landscape. You can debate the merits of different procurement models in various industries, from pharmaceutical procurement to military acquisitions. You understand the historical evolution of the term and its relation to traditional Chinese mercantile practices. You can read and write complex procurement contracts and legal documents in Chinese. You are able to interpret the subtle differences between '采购', '收购', '征购', and '申购' in highly technical legal or financial contexts. Your understanding of '采购' is not just linguistic, but also functional, legal, and strategic, allowing you to operate at the highest levels of Chinese professional life.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

采购 30秒で

采购 (cǎigòu) means procurement or purchasing, usually in a professional, business, or large-scale context.
It is more formal than the basic word '买' (mǎi) and implies a planned process of sourcing and buying.
Commonly used in '采购部' (Procurement Department) and for large events like '采购年货' (buying New Year goods).
Essential for business Chinese, it covers everything from choosing suppliers to signing purchase contracts.

The term 采购 (cǎigòu) is a sophisticated Chinese word that translates most accurately to 'procurement' or 'purchasing' in a professional, organizational, or large-scale context. While a beginner might simply use the word '买' (mǎi) for any act of buying, '采购' implies a more structured, deliberate, and often industrial or commercial process. It is composed of two characters: 采 (cǎi), meaning to gather, pick, or select, and 购 (gòu), meaning to purchase or buy. Together, they describe the act of selecting and then purchasing goods or services, typically for a business, government body, or large project. This word is essential for anyone operating in a professional Chinese environment, as it distinguishes casual shopping from the strategic acquisition of resources.

Formal Procurement: Refers to the systematic process of sourcing and acquiring goods at the best possible cost, often involving bidding and contracts.
Bulk Purchasing: Used when an individual or group buys large quantities of items, such as for a holiday or a large event.
Sourcing: The '采' aspect emphasizes the search for the right supplier before the '购' (payment) actually happens.

In everyday life, you might hear this word in the context of '年货采购' (niánhuò cǎigòu), which refers to the large-scale shopping people do in preparation for the Lunar New Year. However, its primary home is in the corporate world. If you work in a factory, a tech company, or a school, the '采购部' (cǎigòubù - Procurement Department) is the team responsible for buying everything from raw materials to office stationery. The word carries a sense of responsibility and planning that '买' lacks. For instance, you wouldn't say you are '采购' a single cup of coffee for yourself, but a coffee shop owner would '采购' coffee beans from a wholesaler.

公司正在进行年度办公用品的采购计划。(The company is carrying out its annual office supplies procurement plan.)

我们需要采购一批新的原材料。(We need to procure a batch of new raw materials.)

政府采购必须公开透明。(Government procurement must be open and transparent.)

Furthermore, '采购' is often used in the context of supply chain management (供应链管理). In this field, '采购' is the first step in the production cycle. Without efficient procurement, a factory cannot produce goods. This makes the '采购员' (cǎigòuyuán - purchasing agent) a vital role in any production-oriented business. The word also appears frequently in news reports regarding international trade, such as when one country signs a large '采购协议' (cǎigòu xiéyì - procurement agreement) with another for aircraft, grain, or technology.

这次大规模采购将有助于降低生产成本。(This large-scale procurement will help reduce production costs.)

他在那家跨国公司担任采购经理。(He serves as the procurement manager at that multinational corporation.)

Economic Impact: Procurement patterns can indicate the health of an economy; rising procurement levels often signal growth.
Legal Context: In law, '采购' is subject to specific regulations, especially in the public sector to prevent corruption.

In summary, '采购' is a versatile word that bridges the gap between simple commerce and complex logistics. Whether it's a family '采购'ing groceries for a whole month or a tech giant '采购'ing semiconductors, the word implies a level of scale and necessity that defines professional and organized acquisition.

Using 采购 (cǎigòu) correctly requires understanding its dual nature as both a verb and a noun. In its verbal form, it functions similarly to 'to buy,' but it almost always takes a direct object that represents a category of goods or a bulk quantity. For example, '采购设备' (cǎigòu shèbèi - to procure equipment). As a noun, it refers to the process itself or the department responsible for it. Understanding these patterns is key to sounding natural in a Chinese business setting.

As a Verb: Subject + 采购 + Object. Example: 我们公司正在采购新电脑。(Our company is procuring new computers.)
As a Noun (Process): Attribute + 采购. Example: 政府采购 (Government procurement).
As a Noun (Department/Role): 采购 + 部门/人员. Example: 采购部经理 (Procurement department manager).

One common sentence structure involves the use of '进行' (jìnxíng - to carry out). Instead of just saying 'we are procuring,' professional Chinese often says 'we are carrying out procurement.' This adds a layer of formality. For example: '我们正在进行原材料的采购工作' (We are currently carrying out the procurement work for raw materials). This structure is very common in reports and formal meetings. Another important pattern is '从...采购' (cóng... cǎigòu), meaning 'to procure from.' For example: '我们直接从厂家采购' (We procure directly from the manufacturer).

由于需求增加，我们需要扩大采购规模。(Due to increased demand, we need to expand the scale of procurement.)

这批货是我们上个月采购的。(This batch of goods is what we procured last month.)

在采购过程中，质量控制至关重要。(In the procurement process, quality control is vital.)

When discussing budgets, '采购' is often paired with '成本' (chéngběn - cost) or '预算' (yùsuàn - budget). For instance, '降低采购成本' (jiàngdī cǎigòu chéngběn) means 'to lower procurement costs.' This is a standard phrase in business strategy. Additionally, the word can be used in the passive voice with '被' (bèi), though it is less common. For example, '这些设备是被政府采购的' (These pieces of equipment were procured by the government).

公司每年拨出大量资金用于软件采购。(The company allocates a large amount of funds annually for software procurement.)

我们需要重新审核现有的采购合同。(We need to re-audit the existing procurement contracts.)

Quantity Focus: Words like '一批' (yī pī - a batch) frequently precede the object of '采购'.
Temporal Context: Often used with '定期' (dìngqī - regularly) or '紧急' (jǐnjí - urgently).

In professional writing, you will also see '采购' combined with '招标' (zhāobiāo - bidding). '招标采购' (bidding procurement) is the standard method for large projects where suppliers compete to offer the best price and quality. Mastering these combinations will allow you to navigate Chinese corporate documents with much greater ease.

In a real-world Chinese context, 采购 (cǎigòu) is heard in a variety of specific environments. The most common is the office. If you are working in China, you will frequently hear colleagues talk about '去采购' (going to procure) or '采购部' (the procurement department). This isn't just about someone going to buy a pen; it's about the entire logistics chain. You'll hear it in meetings when discussing '供应商' (gōngyìngshāng - suppliers) or '库存' (kùcún - inventory). The word is the backbone of business operations language.

Corporate Meetings: Used when discussing budgets, supply chains, and resource allocation.
News & Media: Common in economic news, especially regarding government spending or international trade deals.
Job Advertisements: Many roles are specifically for '采购专员' (Procurement Specialist) or '采购主管' (Procurement Supervisor).

Another very common place to hear this word is during major shopping festivals like '双十一' (Double 11) or '618'. While individuals '购物' (gòuwù - shop), retailers and businesses '采购' their stock in anticipation of these sales. If you watch business news on CCTV-2 (the finance channel), the term '采购经理人指数' (PMI - Purchasing Managers' Index) is mentioned constantly. This is a key economic indicator that tracks the sentiment and activity of procurement managers across the country, showing how vital this word is to understanding the Chinese economy.

今天的会议主要讨论下个季度的采购名单。(Today's meeting mainly discusses next quarter's procurement list.)

政府已经启动了疫苗采购程序。(The government has initiated the vaccine procurement process.)

我们正在寻找长期的采购合作伙伴。(We are looking for long-term procurement partners.)

In a domestic context, you'll hear it during the Spring Festival. Families will go to the market for '年货大采购' (the big procurement of New Year goods). Here, the word elevates the act of shopping to a significant, large-scale event. It implies that the family is buying not just for one meal, but for the entire holiday season, including gifts, decorations, and specialty foods. This usage bridges the gap between the professional and the personal, showing that '采购' is about scale and importance.

由于全球芯片短缺，很多车企的采购都受到了影响。(Due to the global chip shortage, many car companies' procurement has been affected.)

这家超市的全球采购网络非常发达。(This supermarket's global procurement network is very well-developed.)

Wholesale Markets: In places like Yiwu, '采购' is the primary activity of almost every visitor.
Online Platforms: B2B websites like Alibaba (1688.com) are often called '采购平台' (procurement platforms).

Lastly, in the era of '团购' (tuángòu - group buying), '采购' has taken on a more social dimension. While '团购' is the common term, the background logistics are still referred to as '集中采购' (centralized procurement). This is when a neighborhood or a group of friends pools their resources to buy in bulk directly from a wholesaler or farm, a practice that became extremely common in Chinese cities during the last few years.

While 采购 (cǎigòu) is a common word, learners often make several key mistakes when trying to integrate it into their vocabulary. The most frequent error is using it in a context that is too casual. Remember, '采购' implies a process or bulk purchase. Using it to describe buying a single item for personal use can sound strange or even humorous to native speakers. For example, saying '我要去超市采购一个苹果' (I am going to the supermarket to procure one apple) sounds like you are treating the apple as a strategic industrial asset.

Mistake 1: Scale Issues: Using '采购' for single, low-value personal items. Use '买' instead.
Mistake 2: Confusing with '购买': '购买' (gòumǎi) is a formal word for 'buy' but doesn't necessarily imply the 'sourcing' aspect that '采购' does.
Mistake 3: Grammar Misplacement: Treating it only as a verb and forgetting its common usage as a noun or an adjective (e.g., '采购部').

Another mistake involves the distinction between '采购' and '收购' (shōugòu). While they both contain the '购' character, '收购' is specifically used for the 'acquisition' of companies or the 'buyout' of assets. If a company buys a smaller startup, it is an '收购', not a '采购'. If a company buys 1,000 laptops for its employees, it is a '采购'. Mixing these up can lead to significant confusion in a business meeting. Similarly, '订购' (dìnggòu) means 'to order' or 'to subscribe,' which is a subset of procurement but refers specifically to the act of placing the order.

错误：我明天去采购一件衬衫。(Wrong: I'm going to procure a shirt tomorrow.) -> 正确：我明天去买一件衬衫。(Correct: I'm going to buy a shirt tomorrow.)

错误：腾讯采购了那家初创公司。(Wrong: Tencent procured that startup.) -> 正确：腾讯收购了那家初创公司。(Correct: Tencent acquired that startup.)

错误：我们在网上采购了一份报纸。(Wrong: We procured a newspaper online.) -> 正确：我们在网上订阅了一份报纸。(Correct: We subscribed to a newspaper online.)

A subtle mistake is failing to use the correct measure words when using '采购' as a verb. Because it often refers to bulk, measure words like '批' (pī - batch), '项' (xiàng - item/project), or '类' (lèi - category) are much more common than '个' (gè). For example, '采购一批电脑' (procure a batch of computers) sounds much more professional than '采购十个电脑' (procure ten computers). This helps emphasize the 'procurement' nature of the action rather than just the simple count.

我们这次采购的重点是环保材料。(The focus of our procurement this time is environmentally friendly materials.)

他在采购环节出了差错。(He made a mistake in the procurement phase.)

Verb-Object Collocation: Avoid pairing '采购' with abstract nouns like '幸福' (happiness) or '时间' (time).
Register Awareness: In a casual text to a friend, '采购' might come off as sarcastic or overly formal.

Lastly, learners sometimes forget that '采购' can also refer to the person (the buyer). In a sentence like '他是公司的采购' (He is the company's procurement [person]), '采购' acts as a shorthand for '采购员'. This is very common in spoken Chinese within office walls but might confuse a learner who only knows it as a verb. Always look at the surrounding words to determine if '采购' is the action, the process, or the person.

In the rich tapestry of the Chinese language, several words share a semantic space with 采购 (cǎigòu). Understanding the nuances between them will significantly improve your precision. While '采购' is the gold standard for professional procurement, other words might be more appropriate depending on whether you are focusing on the act of buying, the ordering process, or the acquisition of a whole entity.

购买 (gòumǎi): This is the formal equivalent of '买'. It is used in written Chinese for any act of purchasing, regardless of scale. Unlike '采购', it doesn't emphasize the 'sourcing' or 'selecting' phase.
收购 (shōugòu): Specifically used for 'acquisition' or 'buying up.' You '收购' a company, or a government might '收购' surplus grain from farmers to stabilize prices.
订购 (dìnggòu): Means 'to order' or 'to place an order.' This is used when you are buying something that will be delivered later, such as a subscription or a custom-made item.

Another interesting alternative is '选购' (xuǎngòu), which emphasizes the 'choosing' (选) part of the purchase. You see this often in retail advertisements: '欢迎选购' (Welcome to choose and buy). This is much more consumer-oriented than '采购'. Then there is '采办' (cǎibàn), an older, more traditional term for procurement, often used in historical contexts or for large family events like weddings. While you won't hear '采办' often in a modern office, it's good to recognize it in literature.

比较：
1. 我在采购办公家具。(I am procuring office furniture - implies a business process.)
2. 我在购买办公家具。(I am buying office furniture - just stating the fact of purchase.)

比较：
1. 政府采购服务。(Government procures services.)
2. 某公司收购了另一家企业。(A company acquired another enterprise.)

比较：
1. 我们已经采购了原材料。(We have procured the raw materials.)
2. 我们已经订购了那本杂志。(We have ordered that magazine.)

For bulk buying in a modern consumer context, '团购' (tuángòu) is the most common term. It literally means 'group purchase.' This is the word used for apps like Meituan or Pinduoduo. While '采购' is professional and cold, '团购' is social and bargain-focused. Finally, there is '申购' (shēngòu), which is the 'application to purchase.' In a big company, you don't just '采购'; you first '申购' (apply for it) and then the '采购部' (procurement department) handles the rest.

公司规定，所有设备采购都必须先经过申购审批。(Company rules state that all equipment procurement must first pass through purchase application approval.)

这种新型材料可以在各大建材市场选购。(This new material can be selected and bought in major building material markets.)

Register Comparison: 买 (Casual) -> 购买 (Formal) -> 采购 (Professional/Bulk) -> 收购 (Corporate Acquisition).
Contextual Usage: Use '采购' for things that are essential for operations, rather than things that are just 'nice to have.'

In conclusion, while '买' is the first word you learn, '采购' is the word that opens doors to understanding Chinese business, economics, and logistics. By mastering the differences between '采购', '购买', '收购', and '订购', you will demonstrate a high level of linguistic sophistication and cultural awareness.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient times, '采' was used for gathering medicinal herbs or tea leaves. Today, we use the same character when a tech giant 'gathers' thousands of microchips!

発音ガイド

UK /tsaɪ ɡoʊ/

US /tsaɪ ɡoʊ/

The emphasis is balanced between both syllables, but the falling tone of 'gòu' often makes it sound more forceful.

韻が合う語

采 (cǎi) rhymes with: 海 (hǎi), 摆 (bǎi), 买 (mǎi). 购 (gòu) rhymes with: 肉 (ròu), 扣 (kòu), 漏 (lòu), 够 (gòu).

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'c' as 'k' (it should be 'ts').
Missing the dipping nature of the third tone on 'cǎi'.
Pronouncing 'gòu' with a rising tone instead of a falling tone.
Confusing the 'ai' sound with 'ei'.
Merging the two syllables into one blurred sound.

難易度

読解 3/5

The characters are relatively common, but the context is often professional or economic, which requires some background knowledge.

ライティング 4/5

The character '采' is easy, but '购' has several strokes and the radical '贝' must be written correctly.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward as long as the 'c' (ts) sound and the tones are mastered.

リスニング 3/5

In fast speech, it can be confused with other 'cai' or 'gou' words, but context usually clarifies it.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

买 (mǎi) 东西 (dōngxi) 钱 (qián) 公司 (gōngsī) 部 (bù)

次に学ぶ

供应商 (gōngyìngshāng) 合同 (hétong) 谈判 (tánpàn) 物流 (wùliú) 成本 (chéngběn)

上級

供应链 (gōngyìngliàn) 招标 (zhāobiāo) 投标 (tóubiāo) 回扣 (huíkòu) 审计 (shěnjì)

知っておくべき文法

Measure words for bulk items

使用 '批' (pī) 来形容采购的货物，如 '采购一批设备'。

Noun-Adjective conversion with '的'

'采购的物资' (The procured materials) - Here '采购' acts as a modifier.

Using '进行' for formal actions

'进行采购' (To carry out procurement) is more formal than just '采购'.

Passive voice with '被'

'这批电脑被公司采购了' (These computers were procured by the company).

Directional verbs with procurement

'从厂家直接采购' (Procure directly from the manufacturer).

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レベル別の例文

我们要去采购水果。

We are going to procure (buy a lot of) fruit.

Subject + 去 + 采购 + Object.

妈妈采购了很多东西。

Mom procured many things.

The word '很多' (many) often goes with '采购'.

老师采购了十支笔。

The teacher procured ten pens.

Using '采购' implies these are for the class, not just for the teacher.

超市里有很多人在采购。

There are many people procuring in the supermarket.

'采购' can be used as an intransitive verb here.

我们要采购年货。

We need to procure New Year goods.

'年货' is a common object for '采购'.

他帮我采购了纸和笔。

He helped me procure paper and pens.

帮 (help) + Person + 采购.

今天去采购吗？

Are you going to procure (supplies) today?

A simple question format.

我不喜欢去采购。

I don't like going to procure (bulk shopping).

Negative form: 不 (not) + 喜欢 (like) + 采购.

公司需要采购一批新电脑。

The company needs to procure a batch of new computers.

Measure word '一批' (a batch) is common with '采购'.

他在采购部工作。

He works in the procurement department.

采购部 (Procurement Department) is a fixed noun phrase.

我们要制定一个采购计划。

We need to formulate a procurement plan.

采购计划 (Procurement Plan) is a common noun phrase.

这些办公用品是新采购的。

These office supplies are newly procured.

新 (newly) + 采购 + 的 (adjectival marker).

由于价格便宜，我们采购了很多。

Because the price was cheap, we procured a lot.

Reason (由于...) + Result (采购了...).

采购员正在看报价单。

The purchasing agent is looking at the price quote list.

采购员 (Purchasing Agent) is the person doing the job.

我们去批发市场采购。

We are going to the wholesale market to procure.

Place + 采购.

这次采购花了多少钱？

How much money did this procurement cost?

采购 (Noun) + 花了 (spent) + Money.

我们需要寻找更可靠的采购渠道。

We need to find more reliable procurement channels.

采购渠道 (Procurement channel) refers to where you buy from.

采购经理正在和供应商谈判。

The procurement manager is negotiating with the supplier.

采购经理 (Procurement Manager) is a higher-level role.

集中采购可以降低成本。

Centralized procurement can reduce costs.

集中 (Centralized) + 采购.

我们必须严格控制采购流程。

We must strictly control the procurement process.

采购流程 (Procurement process).

他在简历中写到了采购经验。

He wrote about his procurement experience in his resume.

采购经验 (Procurement experience).

这批原材料的采购合同已经签了。

The procurement contract for this batch of raw materials has been signed.

采购合同 (Procurement contract).

采购周期通常是三个月。

The procurement cycle is usually three months.

采购周期 (Procurement cycle).

我们需要对采购的货物进行验收。

We need to perform an inspection/acceptance on the procured goods.

采购的货物 (Procured goods).

政府采购项目必须遵循公平原则。

Government procurement projects must follow the principle of fairness.

政府采购 (Government procurement) is a formal term.

公司正在优化其全球采购网络。

The company is optimizing its global procurement network.

全球采购网络 (Global procurement network).

采购经理人指数是衡量经济的重要指标。

The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is an important indicator for measuring the economy.

采购经理人指数 (PMI) is a specific economic term.

通过招标采购，我们节省了百分之二十的预算。

Through bidding procurement, we saved twenty percent of the budget.

招标采购 (Bidding procurement).

我们需要评估采购过程中的潜在风险。

We need to evaluate potential risks in the procurement process.

采购过程 (Procurement process) + 潜在风险 (Potential risks).

该项目的采购金额高达数亿元。

The procurement amount for this project is as high as hundreds of millions of yuan.

采购金额 (Procurement amount).

我们要加强对采购环节的审计监督。

We must strengthen audit supervision over the procurement link.

采购环节 (Procurement link/phase).

绿色采购已成为企业的社会责任之一。

Green procurement has become one of the social responsibilities of enterprises.

绿色采购 (Green procurement) refers to eco-friendly buying.

采购战略的调整直接影响了公司的竞争力。

The adjustment of the procurement strategy directly affected the company's competitiveness.

采购战略 (Procurement strategy).

数字化转型提升了采购的透明度和效率。

Digital transformation has improved the transparency and efficiency of procurement.

数字化转型 (Digital transformation) + 采购.

我们需要在采购合同中加入更严格的违约条款。

We need to include stricter breach-of-contract clauses in the procurement contract.

违约条款 (Breach-of-contract clauses).

跨国采购面临着汇率波动带来的巨大挑战。

Multinational procurement faces huge challenges brought by exchange rate fluctuations.

跨国采购 (Multinational/Cross-border procurement).

供应商的多样化是确保采购安全的关键。

Diversification of suppliers is key to ensuring procurement security.

采购安全 (Procurement security/stability).

该法律规范了公共部门的采购行为。

This law regulates the procurement behavior of the public sector.

采购行为 (Procurement behavior).

我们应当建立一个全生命周期的采购管理体系。

We should establish a full-lifecycle procurement management system.

全生命周期 (Full-lifecycle).

战略采购旨在建立长期的合作伙伴关系。

Strategic sourcing aims to establish long-term cooperative partnerships.

战略采购 (Strategic sourcing/procurement).

全球供应链的脆弱性迫使许多企业重新审视其采购逻辑。

The vulnerability of the global supply chain has forced many companies to re-examine their procurement logic.

采购逻辑 (Procurement logic/philosophy).

该项联合采购协议旨在打破行业内的垄断局面。

The joint procurement agreement aims to break the monopoly in the industry.

联合采购协议 (Joint procurement agreement).

采购决策不仅受成本驱动，更受地缘政治因素的影响。

Procurement decisions are driven not only by cost but also by geopolitical factors.

地缘政治因素 (Geopolitical factors).

企业通过垂直整合来减少对外部采购的依赖。

Enterprises reduce their dependence on external procurement through vertical integration.

垂直整合 (Vertical integration).

采购伦理在现代企业治理中占据着愈发重要的地位。

Procurement ethics occupy an increasingly important position in modern corporate governance.

采购伦理 (Procurement ethics).

弹性采购策略有助于企业应对突发性的市场动荡。

Resilient procurement strategies help companies cope with sudden market turmoil.

弹性采购策略 (Resilient/Elastic procurement strategy).

宏观调控政策通过政府采购来刺激国内需求。

Macro-control policies stimulate domestic demand through government procurement.

宏观调控 (Macro-control).

采购模式的演变反映了工业文明从规模化向定制化的转变。

The evolution of procurement models reflects the shift of industrial civilization from scaling to customization.

采购模式 (Procurement model/pattern).

よく使う組み合わせ

采购计划

采购经理

采购成本

政府采购

采购流程

采购合同

集中采购

全球采购

采购清单

采购环节

よく使うフレーズ

大宗采购

— Bulk or commodity procurement. Used for buying large quantities of raw materials like oil or grain.

国家进行了一次大宗采购以应对粮食短缺。

本地采购

— Local procurement. Buying goods from local suppliers to save on transport or support the community.

我们提倡本地采购以减少碳排放。

紧急采购

— Emergency procurement. Purchasing needed items immediately due to an unforeseen crisis.

由于设备损坏，我们必须进行紧急采购。

联合采购

— Joint procurement. When multiple entities buy together to increase bargaining power.

几家小公司通过联合采购来降低单价。

公开采购

— Public/Open procurement. A transparent process where any qualified supplier can bid.

这次公开采购吸引了数十家供应商。

网上采购

— Online procurement. Using digital platforms to source and buy goods.

网上采购已经成为我们公司的常态。

海外采购

— Overseas procurement. Buying goods from foreign countries.

海外采购需要考虑关税和物流时间。

定期采购

— Regular procurement. Buying items on a set schedule, like every month.

我们对办公耗材进行定期采购。

直接采购

— Direct procurement. Buying directly from the producer without intermediaries.

直接采购可以省去中间商的差价。

分散采购

— Decentralized procurement. When different departments handle their own buying.

分散采购虽然灵活，但难以控制总成本。

よく混同される語

采购 vs 购买

A general formal word for 'buy'. Use '采购' when there is a sourcing or bulk professional context.

采购 vs 收购

Used for buying companies or all of a specific asset. '采购' is for supplies and goods.

采购 vs 订购

Refers specifically to placing an order for future delivery. '采购' covers the whole process from finding to buying.

慣用句と表現

"货比三家"

— Shop around; compare prices from three different shops. This is the golden rule of '采购'.

在采购大件设备时，一定要货比三家。

Common

"物美价廉"

— High quality and low price. The ultimate goal of any procurement activity.

我们的采购目标是找到物美价廉的供应商。

Common

"量入为出"

— Keep expenditures within the limits of income. Important for procurement budgets.

制定采购计划时，必须坚持量入为出的原则。

Formal

"精打细算"

— Careful calculation and strict budgeting. Describes a good procurement officer.

他精打细算，为公司节省了不少采购开支。

Common

"供不应求"

— Supply falls short of demand. A situation that makes procurement difficult.

目前芯片供不应求，采购非常困难。

Formal

"应有尽有"

— To have everything that one expects to find. Describes a good procurement market.

这个采购市场规模很大，商品应有尽有。

Common

"开源节流"

— To increase income and reduce expenditure. Procurement focuses on the '节流' (reducing expenditure) part.

公司通过优化采购流程来实现开源节流。

Formal

"择优录取"

— To choose the best. In procurement, this refers to choosing the best supplier.

我们在招标采购中会择优录取合作伙伴。

Formal

"公平公正"

— Fair and just. The required standard for government procurement.

政府采购必须做到公平公正公开。

Formal

"分秒必争"

— Every second counts. Used in emergency procurement contexts.

抗灾物资的采购工作必须分秒必争。

Common

間違えやすい

采购 vs 采纳

Both start with '采'.

采纳 (cǎinà) means to adopt a suggestion or advice, whereas 采购 is for buying goods.

经理采纳了我的建议。

采购 vs 采集

Both start with '采'.

采集 (cǎijí) means to collect data, samples, or information, while 采购 is for buying.

我们在野外采集植物标本。

采购 vs 购销

Contains '购'.

购销 (gòuxiāo) refers to both buying and selling (purchasing and marketing).

这是一份购销合同。

采购 vs 采办

Very similar meaning.

采办 is more old-fashioned or used for large private events; 采购 is the modern professional term.

他在为大寿采办酒席。

采购 vs 选购

Involves buying.

选购 is more about the consumer's choice in a shop; 采购 is more about professional sourcing.

欢迎各位选购心仪的商品。

文型パターン

公司 + 采购 + [Quantity] + [Object]

公司采购了十台电脑。

[Person] + 负责 + 采购 + [Object]

小王负责采购原材料。

从 + [Source] + 采购 + [Object]

我们从德国采购机器。

进行 + [Attribute] + 采购

进行大规模采购。

采购 + [Noun] + 计划/合同

采购设备合同已经签了。

通过 + [Method] + 进行采购

通过招标方式进行采购。

优化/调整 + 采购 + 战略/网络

优化全球采购网络。

[Complex Concept] + 对 + 采购 + 产生影响

地缘政治对跨国采购产生深远影响。

語族

名詞

采购部 (Procurement Department)

采购员 (Purchasing Agent)

采购商 (Purchaser/Buyer)

采购额 (Procurement Amount)

動詞

采购 (To procure)

预购 (To pre-order)

选购 (To choose and buy)

形容詞

采购的 (Procured)

可采购的 (Procurable)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in business, economic news, and logistics contexts.

よくある間違い

Using '采购' to buy a single snack. → 使用 '买'。
Procurement implies scale or professional purpose. Buying a snack is just a personal purchase.
Saying '采购一家公司'。 → 使用 '收购'。
You 'procure' goods, but you 'acquire' companies. '收购' is the correct term for business buyouts.
Confusing '采购' (cǎigòu) with '采纳' (cǎinà)。 → 采购 = buying; 采纳 = adopting advice.
The '采' is the same, but the second character changes the meaning completely.
Forgetting the third tone on '采' (cǎi)。 → Ensure the tone dips and rises.
Tones are vital in Chinese to distinguish between similar sounds.
Using '采购' for abstract things like time or love. → 使用 '赢得' 或 '买' (metaphorically)。
'采购' is strictly for tangible goods or professional services in a business context.

ヒント

Professionalism

Always use '采购' in a business environment to describe company spending. It makes you sound more like a professional and less like a tourist.

Measure Words

Pair '采购' with bulk measure words like '批' (batch) or '类' (category) to sound more natural.

Holiday Tip

When talking about Chinese New Year, use '采购年货' to show you understand the cultural importance of the shopping spree.

Sourcing vs. Buying

Remember that '采' means to select. Use '采购' when you want to imply that you didn't just buy the first thing you saw, but you searched for the right item.

Resume Writing

If you have experience buying things for a previous employer, list it as '采购经验' on your Chinese CV.

Economic Indicators

If you hear 'PMI' in Chinese news, listen for '采购经理人指数'—it's a great way to practice hearing the word in a high-level context.

Compound Words

Learn the compound '采购员' (Purchasing agent) early, as it's a very common job title.

Public Sector

If you deal with the government, '政府采购' is a term you must know, along with '招标' (bidding).

Don't confuse with Acquisition

Remember: you '采购' supplies, but you '收购' a company. Don't mix them up in business meetings!

The 'C' and 'G' rule

Think: Cǎi = Choose, Gòu = Get. Choose then Get = Procurement.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Cǎi' as 'Collecting' and 'Gòu' as 'Goods.' When you 'CǎiGòu,' you are 'Collecting Goods' for your company.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person with a clipboard (the '采' / selection part) standing in a warehouse full of boxes they just paid for (the '购' / buying part).

Word Web

采购 (Procurement) 供应商 (Supplier) 成本 (Cost) 质量 (Quality) 合同 (Contract) 谈判 (Negotiation) 物流 (Logistics) 库存 (Inventory)

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences using '采购' that describe what a school would need to buy before the new semester starts.

語源

The word is composed of '采' (cǎi) and '购' (gòu). '采' dates back to oracle bone script, depicting a hand picking fruit from a tree. '购' consists of the radical '贝' (shell, ancient currency) and '勾' (to entice or connect), signifying an exchange involving money.

元の意味： Originally, '采' meant to gather or collect from nature, and '购' meant to buy or trade. The combination '采购' evolved to describe the organized gathering and buying of resources.

Sino-Tibetan

文化的な背景

Be aware that in a business context, '采购' can sometimes be a sensitive topic due to its historical association with corruption or kickbacks; always emphasize transparency (透明) when discussing it in a professional setting.

In English, 'procurement' is almost exclusively a professional term. In Chinese, '采购' is also professional but can be used for big family shopping, making it slightly more versatile.

The 'Purchasing Managers' Index' (PMI) is a standard economic headline in Chinese media. The 'China International Import Expo' (CIIE) is a massive annual '采购' event in Shanghai. Historical dramas often show '采办' (the old term for procurement) for the imperial palace.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Corporate Office

采购部在哪里？
我们需要采购新的打印机。
采购合同签了吗？
采购成本太高了。

Supply Chain / Factory

原材料采购延迟了。
我们要寻找新的采购渠道。
这批货是海外采购的。
采购经理正在视察工厂。

Government / Public Sector

这是政府采购项目。
我们要遵循采购法。
采购过程必须公开。
政府正在采购疫苗。

Holiday Preparation

我们去采购年货吧。
这次采购花了不少钱。
超市里采购的人很多。
我们需要采购一些装饰品。

Economic News

采购经理人指数上升了。
大宗商品采购量增加。
全球采购网络受到冲击。
签署了大规模采购协议。

会話のきっかけ

"你们公司的采购流程是怎么样的？ (What is your company's procurement process like?)"

"你觉得政府采购应该如何保证公平？ (How do you think government procurement should ensure fairness?)"

"今年过年你打算采购些什么年货？ (What New Year goods do you plan to procure this year?)"

"在采购大件商品时，你会货比三家吗？ (When procuring big-ticket items, do you shop around?)"

"由于供应链问题，你们的采购受到影响了吗？ (Has your procurement been affected by supply chain issues?)"

日記のテーマ

描述一次你为公司或学校进行采购的经历。你遇到了什么困难？ (Describe an experience where you performed procurement for a company or school. What difficulties did you face?)

你认为“绿色采购”对保护环境有多重要？ (How important do you think 'green procurement' is for protecting the environment?)

对比一下个人购物和职业采购的不同之处。 (Compare the differences between personal shopping and professional procurement.)

如果让你管理一个采购部门，你会如何选择供应商？ (If you were to manage a procurement department, how would you choose suppliers?)

讨论一下互联网如何改变了现代企业的采购模式。 (Discuss how the internet has changed the procurement models of modern enterprises.)

よくある質問

10 問

Generally, no, unless that single item is a major professional acquisition like a factory machine. For a cup of coffee or a book, use '买' or '购买'.

采购部 (Procurement Dept) buys things the company needs. 销售部 (Sales Dept) sells the products the company makes.

Mostly, but it is also used for large-scale personal tasks like '采购年货' (buying New Year supplies for the family).

You say '采购经理' (cǎigòu jīnglǐ).

Yes, it can mean the process of procurement or even act as a shorthand for the person doing the job (the buyer).

It means 'Government Procurement'—when government agencies buy goods or services using public funds.

Often yes, because it usually involves bulk buying, but the word itself just means the process of professional buying.

The most direct opposite is '销售' (xiāoshòu - sales/selling).

It is formal and professional. You would use it in a report or a business meeting.

You can say '我们签署了一份采购合同' (We signed a procurement contract).

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