敷く 30초 만에
- To spread out or lay flat, like a carpet or blanket.
- Used for covering surfaces with flat items.
- Can also mean to implement policies or strategies.
- Key contexts: home, garden, construction, abstract concepts.
- Core Meaning
- The verb 敷く (fuku) fundamentally means to spread out something flat or to lay something down, typically over a surface. Think of creating a covering or a foundation.
- Common Applications
- This verb is frequently used when talking about domestic tasks like laying down a carpet, spreading a blanket, or setting a table. It also extends to more practical applications like laying down a sheet of plastic or gravel for construction or gardening purposes. In a broader sense, it can even refer to putting on makeup or applying a policy.
- Nuance of Action
- The action of 敷く implies covering a specific area or surface with an object. The object being spread or laid is usually flexible or in a sheet-like form. The intention is to cover, protect, or prepare the surface.
- Beyond the Physical
- While most commonly used for physical objects, 敷く can also describe the application of abstract things, such as laying down rules or implementing a strategy. This usage carries the sense of establishing or putting something into effect over a certain domain or group.
冬なので、部屋に新しいカーペットを敷くことにしました。
庭に除草シートを敷くと、雑草が生えにくくなります。
- Everyday Scenarios
- Imagine preparing for a picnic: you would 敷く a blanket on the grass. When guests are coming over, you might 敷く a new tablecloth. For comfort during winter, you would 敷く extra blankets on the bed. In a construction site, workers might 敷く a protective sheet before painting.
- Abstract Usage
- On a more abstract level, a government might 敷く new regulations, or a company might 敷く a new policy to improve efficiency. This signifies the act of putting something into effect or establishing it systematically.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The most common structure for 敷く is [Object] を 敷く (o fuku). The particle を marks the direct object that is being spread or laid. This is similar to how you would use 'to lay' or 'to spread' in English.
- Adding Location
- To specify where the action takes place, you can add a location using the particle に (ni) before the verb: [Location] に [Object] を 敷く ([Location] ni [Object] o fuku). For example, 床にカーペットを敷く (yuka ni kaapetto o fuku) means 'to lay a carpet on the floor'.
- Past Tense and Completion
- To indicate that the action has been completed, you use the past tense form 敷いた (fuita). For example, テーブルにクロスを敷いた (teeburu ni kurosu o fuita) means 'I laid a tablecloth on the table'. You can also use the ている (te iru) form, 敷いている (fuite iru), to describe a state where something is already laid down, like カーペットが敷いてある (kaapetto ga fuite aru) - 'a carpet is laid'.
- Abstract Applications
- When used abstractly, the structure often remains the same, but the object is conceptual. For instance, 新しい規則を敷く (atarashii kisoku o fuku) means 'to lay down new rules'. The particle を is still used to mark the abstract 'object' being implemented.
寝る前に、ベッドに毛布を敷く。
- Example Sentences
- 1. 子供がおもちゃを床に敷くように言われた。 (Kodomo ga omocha o yuka ni fuku you ni iwareta.) - The child was told to spread the toys on the floor.
- 2. 新しい家を買ったら、リビングに大きなラグを敷きたいです。 (Atarashii ie o kattara, ribingu ni ookina ragu o fukitai desu.) - When I buy a new house, I want to lay a big rug in the living room.
- 3. 雨が降っていたので、傘を敷いて出かけた。 (Ame ga futte ita node, kasa o fuite dekaketa.) - It was raining, so I went out having spread out my umbrella (i.e., opened it).
- Home and Living
- You'll hear 敷く constantly in conversations about home improvement, interior design, and daily chores. People discussing renovations might say, 「リビングに新しいフローリングを敷きました。」 (Living ni atarashii furooringu o fukimashita. - We laid new flooring in the living room.) Or, when preparing for guests, 「テーブルにきれいなクロスを敷こう。」 (Teeburu ni kirei na kurosu o shikou. - Let's lay a nice tablecloth on the table.)
- Outdoor and Garden
- In gardening and outdoor contexts, 敷く is used for laying down materials like gravel, mulch, or protective sheets. A gardener might say, 「庭の通路に砂利を敷く予定です。」 (Niwa no tsuuro ni jari o fuku yotei desu. - I plan to lay gravel on the garden path.) Or, 「畑に黒いシートを敷いて、雑草を防いでいます。」 (Hata ni kuroi shiito o fuite, zasso o fuseide imasu. - I'm laying down black sheets in the field to prevent weeds.)
- Construction and Renovation
- Construction workers and DIY enthusiasts use 敷く when installing flooring, carpets, or protective coverings. You might hear, 「工事の前に、床を保護するためにシートを敷いてください。」 (Kouji no mae ni, yuka o hogo suru tame ni shiito o fuite kudasai. - Please lay down sheets to protect the floor before construction.)
- Abstract and Formal Contexts
- In more formal or policy-related discussions, 敷く can appear in contexts like government announcements or business meetings. For example, 「政府は新たな経済政策を敷くことを決定しました。」 (Seifu wa aratana keizai seisaku o fuku koto o kettei shimashita. - The government has decided to implement a new economic policy.)
キャンプに行く前に、テントの中にマットを敷く。
- Confusing with Other Verbs
- Learners sometimes confuse 敷く with verbs like 張る (haru - to stretch, to put up a tent) or 掛ける (kakeru - to hang, to put on glasses). While both involve placing something, 敷く specifically implies spreading out flatly over a surface. For example, you would 敷く a carpet, but you might 張る a tent. You would 敷く a blanket, but 掛ける a picture on the wall.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- A common mistake is using the wrong particle to mark the object. The direct object being spread or laid must be marked with を (o). For instance, saying 床にカーペットを敷く is correct, but saying 床にカーペットが敷く would be incorrect as it implies the carpet is performing the action of laying itself.
- Misunderstanding Abstract Usage
- While 敷く can be used for abstract concepts like policies or rules, learners might incorrectly apply it to situations where a more direct verb is needed. For example, instead of 「新しい法律を敷く」 (Atarashii houritsu o fuku - to lay down new laws), it might be more natural to say 「新しい法律を制定する」 (Atarashii houritsu o seitei suru - to enact new laws), depending on the nuance. However, in certain contexts, 敷く is perfectly acceptable for abstract implementation.
- Using the wrong form for 'state'
- Distinguishing between the action of laying (敷く) and the state of something being laid (敷いてある) is crucial. Saying 「カーペットが敷く」 incorrectly implies the carpet is actively laying itself. The correct way to express that a carpet is already laid is 「カーペットが敷いてある。」 (Kaapetto ga fuite aru.)
間違い：壁に絵を敷く。（正しくは「掛ける」kakeru）
- 張る (haru)
- Comparison: While both involve placing something, 張る is more about stretching or spanning something across an area, often to create a surface or cover. It's used for things like tents, sails, or posters. 敷く is specifically for laying something flat and covering a surface. Example: テントを張る (tent o haru - to pitch a tent) vs. カーペットを敷く (kaapetto o fuku - to lay a carpet).
- 掛ける (kakeru)
- Comparison: 掛ける is used for hanging things vertically, like pictures, curtains, or coats, or for putting on items like glasses or a phone call. It does not involve spreading out flatly. Example: 絵を壁に掛ける (e o kabe ni kakeru - to hang a picture on the wall) vs. テーブルにクロスを敷く (teeburu ni kurosu o fuku - to lay a tablecloth on the table).
- 置く (oku)
- Comparison: 置く simply means to place or put something down, without the specific implication of spreading or covering. It's a more general verb for positioning objects. 敷く implies a deliberate act of covering a surface. Example: 本を机の上に置く (hon o tsukue no ue ni oku - to place a book on the desk) vs. 布を机の上に敷く (nuno o tsukue no ue ni fuku - to lay cloth on the desk).
- 施す (hodokosu)
- Comparison: This verb is used for applying or performing something, often in a more formal or technical sense, and can be used for abstract concepts like policies or treatments. It's a good alternative for the abstract usage of 敷く. Example: 新しい政策を施す (atarashii seisaku o hodokosu - to implement new policies) is similar to 新しい政策を敷く (atarashii seisaku o fuku), but 施す might be more common in formal documents.
「カーペットを敷く」は「広げる」に近いが、「テントを張る」は「立てる」に近い。
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The character 敷 (shiki) is composed of the radical 'foot' (止) and another component that suggests spreading. This visual representation hints at the action of spreading something out with one's feet or by stepping on it to flatten it.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'fu' too strongly, making it sound like 'fuu'.
- Adding an unnecessary vowel sound after 'ku'.
- Confusing it with similar-sounding words.
난이도
The basic meaning is straightforward, but understanding its abstract and idiomatic uses requires more exposure and context. Recognizing subtle differences with similar verbs is also important for advanced reading comprehension.
Applying the verb correctly, especially in abstract or formal contexts, can be challenging. Ensuring correct particle usage and choosing the most appropriate verb among synonyms is crucial for accurate writing.
Using the verb naturally in spoken Japanese requires practice. Differentiating between physical and abstract applications and employing it in various sentence structures is key for fluent speaking.
Distinguishing 敷く from similar verbs like 張る or 置く in spoken Japanese can be difficult. Understanding the context is vital for correct interpretation, especially when the verb is used metaphorically.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Using the particle を (o) to mark the direct object of transitive verbs like 敷く.
テーブルにクロスを敷く。(Teeburu ni kurosu o fuku.) - Lay a tablecloth on the table.
Using the て-form (e.g., 敷いて) to connect sequential actions or to describe a state.
床を掃除して、カーペットを敷いた。(Yuka o souji shite, kaapetto o fuita.) - I cleaned the floor and laid the carpet.
Using the ている (te iru) form to describe the state of something having been laid or spread.
部屋にはすでに新しいラグが敷いてある。(Heya ni wa sude ni atarashii ragu ga fuite aru.) - A new rug is already laid in the room.
Using the potential form (敷ける - fukeru) to mean 'can lay/spread'.
このスペースなら、大きなカーペットも敷ける。(Kono supeesu nara, ookina kaapetto mo fukeru.) - If it's this space, even a large carpet can be laid.
Using the volitional form (敷こう - shikou) for suggestions or intentions.
みんなで協力して、床にシートを敷こう。(Minna de kyouryoku shite, yuka ni shiito o shikou.) - Let's all cooperate and lay a sheet on the floor.
수준별 예문
床にマットを敷いてください。
Please lay a mat on the floor.
Basic imperative form.
テーブルに布を敷きます。
I will lay cloth on the table.
Simple present/future tense.
ここにシートを敷きましょう。
Let's lay a sheet here.
Suggestive form (let's).
子供がカーペットを敷きました。
The child laid the carpet.
Past tense.
ベッドに毛布を敷いてね。
Lay a blanket on the bed, okay?
Casual imperative with ね.
庭にシートを敷いた。
I laid a sheet in the garden.
Past tense.
ご飯を食べる前に、ランチョンマットを敷く。
Before eating, lay a placemat.
General statement of habit/procedure.
冬なので、暖かい布団を敷きました。
Because it's winter, I laid out a warm futon.
Reason and action.
ピクニックのために、公園の芝生にレジャーシートを敷きました。
For the picnic, I laid out a leisure sheet on the park's lawn.
Purpose and action.
新しい家では、リビングに大きなラグを敷きたいと思っています。
In the new house, I am thinking of laying a large rug in the living room.
Expressing a desire/plan.
雨が降ってきたので、急いで傘を敷いて建物に入りました。
It started raining, so I quickly spread my umbrella and entered the building.
Using the て-form to connect actions.
この部屋はとても寒いので、床に厚いカーペットを敷くことにしました。
This room is very cold, so I decided to lay a thick carpet on the floor.
Expressing a decision based on a reason.
夏は涼しいござを床に敷くと快適です。
In summer, it is comfortable to lay a cool tatami mat on the floor.
Describing a comfortable situation.
作業をする前に、机の上に保護シートを敷いてください。
Before you start working, please lay a protective sheet on the desk.
Polite request.
子供がおもちゃを散らかさないように、部屋の真ん中に大きな布を敷きました。
To prevent the child from scattering toys, I laid a large cloth in the middle of the room.
Expressing purpose.
この運動をするには、ヨガマットを敷く必要があります。
To do this exercise, you need to lay a yoga mat.
Expressing necessity.
引っ越しの準備で、新しい家にカーペットを敷く作業をしました。
As part of the moving preparations, I did the work of laying carpet in the new house.
Using nouns derived from verbs (作業).
冬の寒さをしのぐため、寝室の床に断熱シートを敷くことを検討しています。
To cope with the winter cold, I am considering laying insulation sheets on the bedroom floor.
Expressing consideration/planning.
この地域では、夏場の暑さ対策として、日陰を作るためにシートを敷くことがあります。
In this region, as a measure against summer heat, we sometimes lay down sheets to create shade.
Describing a regional practice/habit.
彼の提案は、組織全体に新しい方針を敷くものだった。
His proposal was one that would lay a new policy across the entire organization.
Abstract usage: applying policy.
屋外でのイベントなので、地面を平らにしてから、ブルーシートを敷く予定です。
Since it's an outdoor event, after leveling the ground, we plan to lay down a blue tarp.
Sequential actions and planning.
子供部屋を模様替えする際に、床に安全マットを敷くことにした。
When redecorating the children's room, I decided to lay safety mats on the floor.
Decision based on context.
この庭園では、景観を美しく見せるために、細かく砕いた石を敷き詰める。
In this garden, finely crushed stones are laid out to make the landscape look beautiful.
Using a compound verb (敷き詰める - to cover completely).
会議の準備として、会場の椅子とテーブルを配置し、床に赤い絨毯を敷いた。
As preparation for the conference, the chairs and tables in the venue were arranged, and a red carpet was laid on the floor.
Describing a series of preparations.
古民家の雰囲気を出すために、部屋の床に畳を敷き詰める作業は大変だった。
The work of laying tatami mats to give an old folk house atmosphere was difficult.
Abstracting the difficulty of the action.
新しいビジネスモデルを導入するにあたり、市場に浸透させるための戦略を緻密に敷く必要がある。
In introducing a new business model, it is necessary to meticulously lay out a strategy for market penetration.
Abstract usage: strategic planning.
この地域は地盤が緩いため、建築前に地盤改良を行い、その上に防湿シートを敷くことが推奨されている。
Because the ground in this area is unstable, it is recommended to improve the ground before construction and then lay a moisture-proof sheet on top.
Technical description of construction process.
その指揮官は、敵の意表を突くための巧妙な戦術を敷いた。
That commander laid out a clever tactic to surprise the enemy.
Abstract usage: military strategy.
子供たちが安全に遊べるように、公園の遊具周辺には衝撃吸収材を敷き詰めるべきだ。
To allow children to play safely, shock-absorbing material should be laid out around the playground equipment in the park.
Expressing an opinion or recommendation.
このプロジェクトを成功させるためには、関係者全員が納得するような計画を敷くことが不可欠である。
To make this project successful, it is essential to lay out a plan that all stakeholders find acceptable.
Emphasizing necessity for project success.
舞台美術では、観客の視覚的な期待に応えるために、床面に特殊な素材を敷き詰めることがよくある。
In stage design, special materials are often laid out on the floor surface to meet the audience's visual expectations.
Describing professional practices in stage design.
彼は、将来のキャリアパスを見据え、学業だけでなく、ボランティア活動やインターンシップといった経験を計画的に敷いていった。
Looking ahead to his future career path, he systematically laid out not only his studies but also experiences such as volunteer activities and internships.
Abstract usage: planning one's life/career.
その政治家は、国民の支持を得るために、巧みに世論を敷く戦略を展開した。
That politician deployed a strategy to skillfully lay the groundwork for public opinion to gain national support.
Abstract usage: manipulating public opinion.
この論文では、新たな理論的枠組みを敷くために、先行研究の徹底的な分析を行っている。
In this paper, a thorough analysis of previous research is conducted to lay the foundation for a new theoretical framework.
Academic context: laying theoretical groundwork.
長年にわたる研究の結果、彼はその分野における画期的な発見への道筋を敷いたと言えるだろう。
As a result of many years of research, it can be said that he laid the path for a groundbreaking discovery in that field.
Figurative usage: paving the way for future achievements.
企業がグローバル市場で競争力を維持するためには、革新的な技術開発だけでなく、それを支える強固なサプライチェーンを敷くことが不可欠である。
For companies to maintain competitiveness in the global market, it is essential not only to develop innovative technologies but also to lay a robust supply chain to support them.
Business strategy: building infrastructure.
その芸術家は、鑑賞者の感情に深く訴えかける作品を制作するために、色彩と光の配置に細心の注意を払い、視覚的な体験の基盤を敷いた。
The artist meticulously arranged colors and light to deeply appeal to the viewer's emotions, laying the groundwork for a visual experience.
Artistic creation: establishing the foundation for impact.
現代社会においては、多様な価値観が共存するための共生社会の理念を敷くことが、ますます重要になっている。
In modern society, it is becoming increasingly important to lay the foundation for the concept of a symbiotic society where diverse values can coexist.
Societal philosophy: establishing principles for coexistence.
彼は、自らが築き上げた広範なネットワークを、後進の育成のために有効活用できるような仕組みを敷いた。
He laid out a system whereby his extensively built network could be effectively utilized for the development of younger generations.
Mentorship and legacy: establishing a system for support.
その歴史的文書は、後の世代がその出来事を理解するための、貴重な史料としての基盤を敷いたと言える。
It can be said that that historical document laid the foundation as valuable historical material for later generations to understand those events.
Historical significance: providing a basis for understanding.
その哲学者によって敷かれた形而上学的な体系は、その後の西洋思想の発展に計り知れない影響を与えた。
The metaphysical system laid down by that philosopher had an immeasurable impact on the subsequent development of Western thought.
Passive voice in a highly abstract context.
経済学における数理モデルの構築は、複雑な経済現象を分析するための厳密な枠組みを敷く作業に他ならない。
The construction of mathematical models in economics is nothing less than the work of laying a rigorous framework for analyzing complex economic phenomena.
Figurative language ('nothing less than') in an academic context.
彼の芸術は、伝統的な技法を踏まえつつも、前衛的な表現を敷き詰めることで、新たな芸術の地平を切り拓いた。
His art, while based on traditional techniques, pioneered new artistic horizons by laying out avant-garde expressions.
Metaphorical use: pioneering new artistic directions.
この法律は、将来の世代がより公正な社会を築くための基盤となるべきであり、その理念を現代社会に敷く努力が求められる。
This law should serve as the foundation for future generations to build a more just society, and efforts are required to lay its principles in modern society.
High-level societal ideals and their implementation.
その科学者は、長年にわたる実験と観察を通じて、宇宙の起源に関する新たなパラダイムを敷くための確固たる証拠を積み上げた。
Through many years of experiments and observations, that scientist accumulated solid evidence to lay a new paradigm regarding the origin of the universe.
Scientific discovery: building evidence for a new theory.
国際関係において、国家間の信頼醸成は、相互理解という土壌を敷くことから始まる。
In international relations, building trust between nations begins with laying the groundwork of mutual understanding.
Diplomacy and trust-building: establishing a foundation.
彼の革新的な経営戦略は、単なる短期的な利益追求に留まらず、持続可能な企業成長のための強固な基盤を敷いた。
His innovative management strategy was not limited to short-term profit pursuit but laid a solid foundation for sustainable corporate growth.
Business strategy: long-term vision and foundation building.
その文学作品は、後の世代の作家たちに多大な影響を与え、新たな文学運動の萌芽を敷いたと言っても過言ではない。
It is no exaggeration to say that that literary work had a profound influence on later generations of writers, laying the groundwork for the emergence of new literary movements.
Literary influence: paving the way for new movements.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To lay a carpet.
新しい家に引っ越したら、リビングに大きなカーペットを敷きたいです。
— To lay out a futon (Japanese bedding).
お客様が来るので、和室に布団を敷いておきましょう。
— To lay down a sheet (e.g., for a picnic, protection, or gardening).
公園でピクニックをするために、レジャーシートを敷きました。
— To lay a tablecloth.
誕生日のお祝いに、テーブルにきれいなテーブルクロスを敷きました。
— To lay something on the floor.
冬は床が冷たいので、ラグを敷くと暖かくなります。
— To implement new rules.
学校は、生徒の安全を守るために、新しい規則を敷くことを決定しました。
— To lay stones (e.g., for a path or garden).
庭の小道に、歩きやすいように石を敷きました。
— To lay a rug or carpet.
部屋の雰囲気を変えるために、新しい絨毯を敷く予定です。
— To lay down soil (e.g., for a garden bed).
新しい花壇を作るために、堆肥の土を敷く必要があります。
— To lay the foundation (literal or figurative).
成功するためには、まずしっかりとした基礎を敷くことが大切だ。
자주 혼동되는 단어
Both verbs involve placing something. However, 敷く is for laying flat, while 張る is for stretching or spanning, like pitching a tent or putting up a poster. They are not interchangeable.
置く is a general verb for placing something. 敷く specifically implies spreading or covering a surface, which 置く does not convey.
掛ける is for hanging things vertically or putting on items like glasses. It has no relation to spreading something flat on a surface.
관용어 및 표현
— Literally, 'the threshold is high'. It refers to a place or a person that is difficult to approach or visit, often due to one's social status, the formality of the place, or a sense of intimidation.
あの高級レストランは、私にとっては敷居が高いと感じる。
Idiomatic— To work extremely hard; to sweat profusely. This idiom emphasizes the exertion and effort put into a task, as if one's sweat is spreading on the floor.
彼はこのプロジェクトのために、床に汗を敷くほどの努力をした。
Idiomatic/Figurative— To lay the foundation of morality. This is a more figurative use, emphasizing the act of establishing fundamental moral principles, often in education or upbringing.
親は子供に、早い段階から道徳の基盤を敷くべきだ。
Figurative/Conceptual— To usher in a new era or to lay the foundation for a new age. This is a grand, figurative use, implying the establishment of a new order or paradigm.
その発明は、科学技術における新しい時代を敷いたと言える。
Figurative/Historical— To implement a policy.
会社は、従業員の福利厚生のために、新しい政策を敷いた。
Formal/Abstract— To lay out a tactic or strategy.
彼は、相手の裏をかくために、巧妙な戦術を敷いた。
Figurative/Strategic— To lay the foundation of a theory.
この研究は、将来の理論構築のための基礎を敷くものだ。
Academic/Figurative— To lay the foundation for peace.
国際社会は、平和の礎を敷くために協力する必要がある。
Figurative/Societal— To establish a new order.
革命後、新しい秩序を敷くための努力が続けられた。
Figurative/Political— To pave the way for the future.
彼の努力は、後続の研究者たちの将来の道筋を敷いた。
Figurative/Legacy혼동하기 쉬운
Both involve covering an area with something.
敷く (fuku) means to lay something flat on a surface, like a carpet or a mat. It's about creating a covering. 張る (haru) means to stretch, span, or put up something, often with tension, like a tent, a banner, or a mosquito net. You 敷く a carpet, but you 張る a tent.
部屋にカーペットを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。 (I will lay a carpet in the room.) vs. テントを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>張る</mark>。 (I will pitch a tent.)
Both involve putting something somewhere.
置く (oku) is a general verb for placing an object down, without specifying how it's placed or its purpose. 敷く (fuku) implies spreading something flat to cover or prepare a surface. You might 置く a book on a table, but you 敷く a tablecloth on a table.
本を机の上に<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>置く</mark>。 (Place a book on the desk.) vs. 机の上に布を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。 (Lay cloth on the desk.)
Both can be used in the context of home furnishings.
掛ける (kakeru) is used for hanging things vertically (e.g., pictures, curtains) or putting on items (e.g., glasses, a coat). 敷く (fuku) is for laying things flat on a horizontal surface. You 掛ける curtains, but you 敷く a rug.
窓にカーテンを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>掛ける</mark>。 (Hang curtains on the window.) vs. 床にマットを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。 (Lay a mat on the floor.)
Both involve the idea of spreading out.
広げる (hirogeru) means to spread something out in a general sense, to make it wider or larger. 敷く (fuku) is more specific: it means to spread something out flatly to cover a surface. You might 広げる a map, but you 敷く a carpet. Sometimes, 広げる can be used for spreading a blanket, but 敷く is more common when specifically referring to covering a bed or floor.
地図を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>広げる</mark>。 (Spread out a map.) vs. ベッドに毛布を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。 (Lay a blanket on the bed.)
Both can be used for abstract concepts like policies or strategies.
敷く (fuku) in its abstract sense means to establish or lay the groundwork for something like a policy or strategy. 施す (hodokosu) means to apply, implement, or carry out, often for things like treatments, measures, or aid. While there's overlap, 施す often implies a more active application or provision, whereas 敷く suggests setting up the underlying structure or plan.
新しい規則を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。 (Lay down new rules.) vs. 治療を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>施す</mark>。 (Apply treatment.)
문장 패턴
[Object] を 敷く。
マットを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。
[Location] に [Object] を 敷く。
床にカーペットを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。
[Object] を 敷いて、～。
テーブルにクロスを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷いて</mark>、食事の準備をします。
[Object] が 敷いてある。
部屋にはすでにラグが<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷いてある</mark>。
[Abstract Object] を 敷く。
新しい方針を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>。
[Object] を 敷くために、～。
子供が安全に遊ぶために、マットを<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>ために、柔らかい素材を選んだ。
[Noun derived from verb] を 敷く。
将来の成功の<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>基盤を敷く</mark>。
～ための道筋を敷く。
科学者たちは、新たな発見への<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>道筋を敷いた</mark>。
어휘 가족
명사
동사
관련
사용법
Very High
-
Confusing 敷く with 張る (haru) for tents or banners.
→
Use 敷く for laying flat things like carpets; use 張る for stretching or pitching things like tents.
敷く implies covering a surface, while 張る implies spanning or stretching across an area, often with tension. For example, you 敷く a mat on the floor but 張る a tent in the campsite.
-
Using 置く (oku) instead of 敷く when describing covering a surface.
→
Use 敷く when the action is specifically about spreading something to cover an area.
置く means to 'place' or 'put' something, but it doesn't convey the idea of spreading or covering. If you are laying down a blanket on a bed, you would say 布団を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>, not 布団を<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>置く</mark>.
-
Incorrectly using the state form (e.g., カーペットが敷く instead of カーペットが敷いてある).
→
Use 敷いてある to describe the state of something being laid.
The verb 敷く is transitive, meaning it needs an object. To describe that something is already laid down, use the passive-like state form 敷いてある. So, 'the carpet is laid' is カーペットが<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷いてある</mark>, not カーペットが<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>敷く</mark>.
-
Applying 敷く to actions that require 掛ける (kakeru).
→
Use 掛ける for hanging items like curtains or pictures.
掛ける is for vertical placement (hanging) or putting on items like glasses. 敷く is for horizontal placement (laying flat). You 掛ける curtains on a window, but you 敷く a rug on the floor.
-
Overusing 敷く for abstract concepts where a more specific verb is better.
→
Consider context; 施す (hodokosu) or 制定する (seitei suru) might be more appropriate for certain abstract implementations.
While 敷く can be used abstractly (e.g., 政策を敷く), for very specific actions like 'enacting a law' or 'applying a treatment', more precise verbs like 制定する or 施す might be preferred in formal contexts. However, 敷く is still acceptable for laying the groundwork of a policy.
팁
Visualize the Action
When learning 敷く, always visualize the act of spreading something flatly over a surface. Imagine a carpet being laid down, or a blanket being spread on a bed. This mental image will help you remember the core meaning and distinguish it from similar verbs.
Master Particle Usage
The particle を (o) is crucial for marking the direct object of 敷く. For example, カーペットを敷く (kaapetto o fuku). Also, pay attention to the particle に (ni) when indicating the location where something is laid, such as 床に敷く (yuka ni fuku - to lay on the floor).
Distinguish Physical vs. Abstract
Recognize that 敷く has both physical and abstract applications. For physical actions, think of tangible items like carpets. For abstract uses, think of policies, strategies, or foundational principles. Context will guide you to the correct interpretation.
Clear 'Fu' and 'Ku'
Pronounce the 'fu' sound clearly, similar to the beginning of 'foot' but with less lip rounding. The 'ku' sound is a standard 'k' followed by a short 'u'. Ensure you don't run the sounds together too much.
Sentence Building
Create your own sentences using 敷く in various contexts. Start with simple physical actions and gradually move to more abstract or idiomatic uses. This active practice is key to solidifying your understanding.
Compare with Similar Verbs
Actively compare 敷く with verbs like 張る (haru), 置く (oku), and 広げる (hirogeru). Understanding their differences in nuance will prevent confusion and improve your accuracy.
Use Mnemonics
Employ memory aids. For example, imagine spreading a 'FOO'd (敷く - fuku) blanket on the floor. Or visualize a carpet shaped like the letter 'f' being laid down. Repetition with visual aids can be very effective.
Focus on Context Clues
When listening to Japanese, pay close attention to the surrounding words and the overall situation. This will help you determine whether 敷く is being used literally for physical objects or figuratively for abstract concepts.
Read Example Sentences
Expose yourself to a variety of example sentences in different contexts. This will provide you with natural usage patterns and help you understand the subtle meanings of 敷く.
Test Yourself Regularly
Periodically quiz yourself on the meaning and usage of 敷く. Try to recall its synonyms, antonyms, and common collocations without looking them up. Active recall strengthens memory retention.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine spreading a thick 'FOO'd (敷く - fuku) blanket over a cold floor to keep warm. The 'FOO' sound can help you remember 'fuku'.
시각적 연상
Visualize a person spreading a large, flat carpet (like a giant 'f' shape) across a room. The 'f' shape represents the 'fu' sound in 敷く.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe five different scenarios in your home where you would use the verb 敷く in Japanese, even if you have to look up the specific nouns.
어원
The verb 敷く originates from Old Japanese. The character 敷 itself has a long history, appearing in ancient texts. Its original meaning is related to spreading out or laying down.
원래 의미: The kanji 敷 is believed to have originated from a pictograph representing a mat or a spread-out object. The act of spreading or laying down has been its core meaning throughout its history.
Japonic languages문화적 맥락
No specific sensitivities are associated with this word, but as with any verb, context is key. Using it for abstract concepts like 'policies' is common in formal settings.
In English, we use 'to lay', 'to spread', 'to put down', or 'to install' depending on the context. For example, 'lay the carpet', 'spread the blanket', 'put down the mat', 'install the flooring'.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Home interior and chores
- カーペットを敷く
- 布団を敷く
- ラグを敷く
- 床に敷く
Outdoor activities and gardening
- シートを敷く
- 石を敷く
- 砂利を敷く
- 庭に敷く
Construction and renovation
- 保護シートを敷く
- 床材を敷く
- タイルを敷く
- 工事のために敷く
Abstract concepts and strategy
- 政策を敷く
- 戦略を敷く
- 基盤を敷く
- 方針を敷く
Events and preparation
- テーブルクロスを敷く
- 会場に敷く
- 準備のために敷く
- イベント用に敷く
대화 시작하기
"What kind of flooring do you have in your home?"
"When was the last time you laid down a carpet or rug?"
"Do you prefer sleeping on a futon or a Western-style bed?"
"What are some common things people lay down in their gardens in your country?"
"Can you think of any abstract situations where you might 'lay down' a strategy or rule?"
일기 주제
Describe the process of preparing your living room for a special occasion, using the verb 敷く.
Imagine you are building a new house. What kind of floor coverings would you choose to 敷く in each room and why?
Think about a time you had to 敷く something for a practical reason (e.g., protection, comfort). Describe the situation and the item you used.
Reflect on a time you encountered a situation where the 'threshold was high' (敷居が高い). How did you feel, and what did you do?
Consider how policies or rules are implemented in your society. Can you use the verb 敷く to describe this process in an abstract sense?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문The main difference lies in the nature of the action. 敷く (fuku) means to lay something flat to cover a surface, like a carpet or a mat. It's about creating a covering. 張る (haru) means to stretch, span, or put up something, often with tension, like pitching a tent, hanging a banner, or setting up a mosquito net. You 敷く a carpet but you 張る a tent.
Yes, 敷く can be used abstractly to mean 'to lay down', 'to establish', or 'to implement', especially for policies, strategies, or foundational principles. For example, 「新しい規則を敷く」 (atarashii kisoku o fuku) means 'to lay down new rules'. In such contexts, it implies setting up the groundwork or implementing something systematically.
置く (oku) is a general verb for simply 'placing' or 'putting' an object down. It doesn't imply covering or spreading. 敷く (fuku) specifically means to spread or lay something flat to cover a surface. So, you might 置く a book on a desk, but you 敷く a tablecloth on a desk.
広げる (hirogeru) means to spread something out in a general sense, to make it wider or larger. 敷く (fuku) is more specific: it means to spread something out flatly to cover a surface. For example, you might 広げる a map, but you 敷く a carpet. While you can sometimes 広げる a blanket, 敷く is more commonly used when referring to covering a bed or floor.
This is an idiom that literally translates to 'the threshold is high'. It means that a place or a person is difficult to approach or visit, often due to formality, social status, or a sense of intimidation. For example, a very expensive restaurant might feel 敷居が高い to someone on a tight budget.
Yes, besides the ones mentioned (張る, 置く, 掛ける, 広げる), there are also compound verbs like 敷き詰める (shikitsumeru), meaning 'to cover completely', and more technical terms like 敷設する (fusetsu suru) for installing cables or pipes. Abstractly, 施す (hodokosu) can sometimes overlap in meaning when referring to implementing policies or measures.
Start by describing actions around your home: laying a blanket, spreading a mat, or putting down a carpet. Then, try to create sentences about abstract concepts like implementing rules or strategies. Using flashcards with example sentences and practicing writing your own is also very effective.
The state of something being laid or spread is often expressed using the ている (te iru) form, specifically the 敷いてある (fuite aru) form. For example, 「床にタイルが敷いてある。」 (Yuka ni tairu ga fuite aru.) means 'Tiles are laid on the floor.'
Yes, 敷く is commonly used in construction. For instance, workers might 敷く protective sheets before painting, lay down gravel for paths, or install flooring materials. More technical terms like 敷設する are used for things like laying pipes or cables.
Certainly. A common abstract usage is 「戦略を敷く」 (senryaku o fuku), meaning 'to lay out a strategy'. For example, 「彼は、会社を成長させるための新しい戦略を敷いた。」 (Kare wa, kaisha o seichou saseru tame no atarashii senryaku o fuita.) - He laid out a new strategy for growing the company.
셀프 테스트 10 질문
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
敷く (fuku) is a versatile verb meaning 'to spread out' or 'to lay down' flat objects. It's commonly used for household items like carpets and blankets, but also extends to practical uses like laying gravel or protective sheets, and even abstract applications like implementing policies. Remember to use the particle を (o) to mark what is being laid.
- To spread out or lay flat, like a carpet or blanket.
- Used for covering surfaces with flat items.
- Can also mean to implement policies or strategies.
- Key contexts: home, garden, construction, abstract concepts.
Visualize the Action
When learning 敷く, always visualize the act of spreading something flatly over a surface. Imagine a carpet being laid down, or a blanket being spread on a bed. This mental image will help you remember the core meaning and distinguish it from similar verbs.
Master Particle Usage
The particle を (o) is crucial for marking the direct object of 敷く. For example, カーペットを敷く (kaapetto o fuku). Also, pay attention to the particle に (ni) when indicating the location where something is laid, such as 床に敷く (yuka ni fuku - to lay on the floor).
Distinguish Physical vs. Abstract
Recognize that 敷く has both physical and abstract applications. For physical actions, think of tangible items like carpets. For abstract uses, think of policies, strategies, or foundational principles. Context will guide you to the correct interpretation.
Clear 'Fu' and 'Ku'
Pronounce the 'fu' sound clearly, similar to the beginning of 'foot' but with less lip rounding. The 'ku' sound is a standard 'k' followed by a short 'u'. Ensure you don't run the sounds together too much.
예시
部屋に新しい絨毯を敷いた。
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あっ
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エアコン
A2'エアコン'은 에어컨을 뜻하며, 일본의 여름과 겨울을 나기 위한 필수 가전제품입니다.
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風通しの良い
B1바람이 잘 통함. 방이나 집의 공기 순환이 좋은 상태.
～可
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