Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of setting conditions and time limits to sound like a native Portuguese speaker.
- Connect sentences using advanced conjunctions like 'antes que' and 'caso'.
- Apply the subjunctive mood to express conditions, limitations, and future possibilities.
- Construct complex sentences that convey nuance and precision in professional or casual settings.
배울 내용
Get ready to level up your Portuguese! This chapter isn't just about simple sentences; it's about adding precision and nuance to your conversations, making you sound much more like a native speaker. Imagine you're making plans with a friend and want to say, 'I can't come unless I have money' or 'We're going for a picnic, unless it rains.' Here, you'll master how to express these exact conditions and time limits using powerful conjunctions. You'll dive into phrases like 'antes que' (before), 'a não ser que' (unless), 'contanto que' (as long as), 'sem que' (without/unless), 'caso' (in case), and 'a menos que' (unless). These aren't just words; they're your secret weapons for expressing complex ideas. Crucially, you'll learn how these conjunctions act as triggers, always pulling the next verb into the subjunctive mood – a hallmark of advanced Portuguese. Discover how 'antes que' helps you set clear deadlines, especially when different subjects are involved, or how 'caso' allows you to articulate 'in case' scenarios with elegance. And with 'sem que', you'll effortlessly express actions that happen 'without' something else occurring. By the end of this chapter, you won't just be understood; you'll be able to communicate your plans, express nuanced proposals, and set conditions with the confidence and accuracy of a true B2 speaker. Your conversations will gain depth, impressing everyone with your mastery of Portuguese. Ready to fine-tune your expression?
-
접속법 트리거: 'A' 리스트 (Antes que, A não ser que)'a não ser que'나 'antes que' 같은 표현들은 뒤에 오는 동사를 무조건 접속법으로 바꾸는 마법의 스위치예요.
a não ser que
,antes que,a fim de que
를 꼭 기억하세요! -
Antes que: '시간과의 싸움' 연결어 (접속법)한 발 앞서 행동하고 싶을 땐
antes que다음에 «접속법»을 써서 문장을 완성해 보세요. -
'Sem que' 사용법: 접속법과 함께 쓰는 '~없이/~하지 않는 한''Sem que' 뒤에는 항상 접속법(Subjuntivo) 동사를 써서 '~하지 않고' 또는 '~하지 않는 한'이라는 의미를 완성하세요.
sem quesubjuntivosem + infinitivo -
포르투갈어: '~할 경우에' 말하기 (Caso + 접속법)접속법 현재를 부르는 마법의 단어
Caso로 '혹시 모를 상황'을 세련되게 표현해보세요!Caso, «접속법 현재», «플랜 B» -
부정 조건: ~하지 않는 한 (A menos que)어떤 일이 일어나지 않을 '단 하나의 예외'를 설정할 때 'a menos que'와 접속법을 함께 사용하세요.
a menos que,subjuntivo,exceção이 세 가지만 기억하면 완벽해요!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Use subjunctive triggers to create conditional sentences in both Brazilian and European Portuguese.
챕터 가이드
Overview
or Let's meet before it gets dark."How This Grammar Works
subjunctive triggers, meaning the verb immediately following them must be in the subjunctive. This is essential for expressing hypothetical situations, desires, doubts, and conditions.if not or except if. They are largely interchangeable in most contexts.without something happening or can sometimes be used similarly to unless in specific contexts, emphasizing the absence of a condition.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
Vou sair antes que chove.
Vou sair antes que chova.
Chove is indicative, while chova is subjunctive.- 1✗ Wrong:
Não te empresto dinheiro a menos que tu me devolves.
Não te empresto dinheiro a menos que tu me devolvas.
Devolves is indicative, devolvas is subjunctive.- 1✗ Wrong:
Leva um guarda-chuva caso vai chover.
Leva um guarda-chuva caso chova.
Vai chover (or chove) is indicative; chova is subjunctive.
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between a não ser que and a menos que?
A: In most contexts, a não ser que and a menos que are interchangeable, both meaning unless and requiring the subjunctive. There might be subtle regional preferences, but grammatically, they function the same.
Does caso always require the subjunctive?
A: Yes, when caso means in case or if (introducing a hypothetical condition), the verb that follows it must always be in the subjunctive mood.
Can I use antes que if the subject is the same in both clauses?
A: While possible, it's more common and often more natural to use antes de + infinitive when the subject is the same. For example,
Vou sair antes de chover(I will leave before it rains) is less common than
Vou sair antes que chovawhen the subject of
chover is implicit (it). If the subjects are explicitly different, antes que + subjunctive is the only option.
Cultural Context
주요 예문 (2)
Ele entrou na sala sem que ninguém percebesse.
그는 아무도 눈치채지 못하게 방으로 들어왔어요.
'Sem que' 사용법: 접속법과 함께 쓰는 '~없이/~하지 않는 한'Não posto nada no Instagram sem que você aprove primeiro.
네가 먼저 허락하지 않으면 인스타그램에 아무것도 안 올릴게.
'Sem que' 사용법: 접속법과 함께 쓰는 '~없이/~하지 않는 한'팁과 요령 (4)
'Que'라는 신호등
É importante que você esteja lá.
과거를 부르는 'SS' 법칙
Eu saí antes que ela chegasse.
주어가 같을 때의 지름길
Saí sem falar com ninguém.
'Se'와 'Caso' 사이의 선택
Caso você queira sair, a chave está aqui.
핵심 어휘 (6)
Real-World Preview
Planning a Picnic
Review Summary
- Conjunction + Subjunctive Verb
- Antes que + Subjunctive
- Sem que + Subjunctive
- Caso + Subjunctive
- A menos que + Subjunctive
자주 하는 실수
'Antes que' requires the subjunctive. 'Chega' is indicative.
After 'caso', always use the present subjunctive form 'precise'.
'A menos que' triggers the subjunctive 'venha'.
이 챕터의 규칙 (5)
Next Steps
You have done an amazing job today! Keep practicing these structures in your daily speaking.
Write 5 sentences about your future plans using the new conjunctions.
빠른 연습 (6)
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu compraria a camisa a menos que custa muito caro.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 부정 조건: ~하지 않는 한 (A menos que)
Não vamos à praia a menos que ___ sol. (fazer)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 부정 조건: ~하지 않는 한 (A menos que)
Ele saiu da festa sem que ninguém o ___.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Sem que' 사용법: 접속법과 함께 쓰는 '~없이/~하지 않는 한'
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu li o livro sem que você me disse o final.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Sem que' 사용법: 접속법과 함께 쓰는 '~없이/~하지 않는 한'
다음 중 맞는 것은?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Sem que' 사용법: 접속법과 함께 쓰는 '~없이/~하지 않는 한'
다음 중 맞는 문장은 무엇일까요?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 부정 조건: ~하지 않는 한 (A menos que)
Score: /6
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
Vou, a não ser que eu tenha que trabalhar.
Antes que ele chegue가 맞고
chegar는 안 돼요.Vou sair antes que chova라고 해야 해요.
Antes que o dia acabe처럼 써보세요.
sem que ele saiba라고 해야 하죠.
Saí sem comer(나 먹지 않고 나갔어)처럼요.
