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A1 verb 9분 분량

искать

to search

At the A1 level, the verb 'искать' (to search/look for) is one of the first verbs you learn to describe daily needs and problems. At this stage, you focus on its most basic meaning: looking for physical objects that are lost or needed. You will learn the present tense conjugation, specifically the first person 'я ищу' (I am looking for) and the second person 'ты ищешь' (you are looking for). You will use it in simple sentences like 'Я ищу ключи' (I am looking for keys) or 'Мы ищем отель' (We are looking for a hotel). The most important thing for A1 learners is to remember that you do not use the word 'для' (for) after the verb. The object you are looking for goes directly into the Accusative case. You will also learn to use it with 'где' (where) to ask people where to look for things. This level is about survival and basic requests, so 'искать' is crucial for navigating a new environment, shopping, or asking for help when you are lost.
At the A2 level, you expand your use of 'искать' to include the past tense ('искал', 'искала') and the future tense ('буду искать'). You start using it in more varied contexts, such as 'искать работу' (to look for a job) or 'искать квартиру' (to look for an apartment). You will also begin to encounter the perfective partner 'поискать', which means to look for a little while. At this level, you should be comfortable with the consonant mutation (к -> щ) and be able to use the verb to describe processes that take time. You might also start using adverbs to describe the search, such as 'долго' (long) or 'везде' (everywhere). The focus shifts from just 'finding my keys' to broader life searches. You will also learn to use the imperative 'ищи' or 'ищите' when giving directions or instructions to someone else. Understanding the difference between 'искать' (the process) and 'найти' (the result) becomes a key grammatical milestone at this stage.
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At the B1 level, 'искать' moves into the realm of abstract concepts and more complex sentence structures. You will use it to describe searching for solutions ('искать решение'), searching for truth ('искать правду'), or searching for a compromise ('искать компромисс'). You will also start to use the verb in subordinate clauses, such as 'Я ищу человека, который может мне помочь' (I am looking for a person who can help me). At this level, you should understand the nuance of using the Genitive case for abstract objects ('искать поддержки', 'искать славы'). You will also encounter more idioms and fixed expressions, such as 'искать иголку в стоге сена' (to look for a needle in a haystack). Your vocabulary will expand to include related nouns like 'поиск' (search) and 'искатель' (seeker). You will be expected to use the verb naturally in conversations about careers, personal goals, and social issues, moving beyond simple physical objects.
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At the B2 level, you should have a sophisticated grasp of 'искать' and its many prefixed forms like 'разыскивать', 'выискивать', and 'обыскивать'. You will understand the subtle differences in tone and register between these words. For example, you will know that 'разыскивать' is more formal and intense, while 'выискивать' often implies a critical or negative search. You will use 'искать' in complex arguments and professional contexts, such as 'искать новые рынки сбыта' (searching for new sales markets). You will also be familiar with more literary and figurative uses of the verb. At this stage, you should be able to use the verb in all moods and tenses with ease, including the conditional ('я бы поискал'). You will also understand how to use it in the passive voice or with reflexive nuances in more advanced texts. Your ability to choose the correct case (Accusative vs. Genitive) should be near-perfect, reflecting the specificity or abstraction of the search.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'искать' is characterized by stylistic precision. You will recognize and use the verb in high-level academic, legal, and literary texts. You will understand the philosophical implications of 'искать себя' (searching for oneself) in Russian literature and be able to discuss these themes in depth. You will be comfortable with archaic or poetic uses of the word and its derivatives. At this level, you will also master the most complex idioms and cultural references associated with the word. You can distinguish between 'искать' and 'взыскивать' (to exact/fine) or other rare related terms. Your speech will include advanced collocations like 'искать тишины и уединения' (to seek silence and solitude). You will also be able to use the verb to express subtle sarcasm or irony, such as 'искать вчерашний день' (to look for yesterday/something that is gone). Your command of the verb allows you to express not just the act of searching, but the psychological state of the searcher.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like intuition for the verb 'искать'. You can appreciate the fine-grained differences in meaning between 'искать', 'алкать' (to crave/seek - archaic), and 'жаждать' in poetic contexts. You can use the verb to write sophisticated essays, professional reports, or creative literature. You are aware of the historical etymology of the word and how it relates to other Slavic languages. You can use 'искать' in a way that plays with its multiple meanings—physical, mental, and spiritual—simultaneously. You will understand and use rare proverbs and sayings that involve the word, and you can adapt its use to fit any possible register, from the slang of the street to the formal language of the Kremlin. Your mastery includes the ability to use the verb in complex rhetorical structures, making it a powerful tool for persuasion and expression. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item, but a versatile instrument for communication at the highest level.
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예시

The Russian verb искать is one of the most fundamental actions in the human experience, translating primarily to 'to search,' 'to look for,' or 'to seek.' At its core, it describes the process of trying to find someone or something that is lost, hidden, or simply not yet in one's possession. Whether you are searching for your keys in the morning, looking for a new job, or seeking the meaning of life, this is the verb you will use. It is an imperfective verb, meaning it focuses on the process of searching itself, rather than the successful conclusion of finding something. In the Russian mindset, искать implies effort, duration, and sometimes a sense of urgency or longing.

Physical Objects
This is the most common use. You use it when you cannot find your phone, your cat, or a specific book on a shelf. It implies a physical movement and visual scanning of an area.
Information and Solutions
In the digital age, we use this verb to describe 'searching' the internet (искать в интернете) or looking for an answer to a difficult mathematical problem. It transitions from a physical act to a mental one.
Abstract Concepts
One can search for happiness, truth, or a purpose. In these contexts, the verb takes on a philosophical weight, suggesting a lifelong journey or a deep internal quest.

Я уже два часа пытаюсь искать свои ключи, но они как сквозь землю провалились.

The word is used across all levels of formality. A child might say they are searching for a toy, while a scientist might say they are searching for a cure for a disease. The verb is versatile and indispensable for daily communication. It is also important to note that искать requires the Accusative case for specific, concrete objects (e.g., искать книгу) or the Genitive case for abstract or non-specific things (e.g., искать поддержки). This grammatical nuance is key for sounding natural.

Мы должны искать новые возможности для развития нашего бизнеса.

Social Context
Looking for a partner or a friend. The phrase 'искать себе пару' is common in social settings and dating apps.

Полиция продолжает искать преступника по всему городу.

Не нужно искать виноватых, нужно решать проблему.

Employment
Job hunting is 'искать работу'. This is perhaps the most frequent use of the word in adult life.

Она начала искать вдохновение в классической музыке.

Using искать correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation patterns and the cases it governs. It is a First Conjugation verb, but it features a significant consonant mutation that often trips up beginners. The stem иск- changes to ищ- in all present tense forms. This mutation is a historical feature of the Russian language where the 'к' followed by certain vowels evolved into the 'щ' sound. Mastering this change is essential for fluid speech.

Present Tense Conjugation
Я ищу, ты ищешь, он/она/оно ищет, мы ищем, вы ищете, они ищут. Note how the 'щ' remains consistent throughout the present tense.
Past Tense Formation
In the past tense, the mutation disappears and we return to the 'к' stem: искал (masculine), искала (feminine), искало (neuter), искали (plural).
The Imperative Mood
When telling someone to look for something, use 'ищи' (singular/informal) or 'ищите' (plural/formal). This uses the 'щ' stem.

Если ты ищешь приключений, ты их обязательно найдешь.

A subtle but important aspect of искать is the choice between the Accusative and Genitive cases for the object. If the object is definite and concrete (e.g., 'the book' you lost), use the Accusative: Я ищу книгу. If the object is abstract, non-specific, or partitive (e.g., 'help' or 'some advice'), use the Genitive: Я ищу помощи. However, in modern colloquial Russian, the Accusative is becoming increasingly dominant even for abstract nouns, but the Genitive remains more formal and traditionally correct for abstractions.

Мы долго искали выход из этой сложной ситуации.

Combining with Adverbs
Common adverbs include 'долго' (long), 'тщательно' (thoroughly), 'отчаянно' (desperately), and 'повсюду' (everywhere).

Они ищут способы снизить расходы компании.

Я ищу кого-нибудь, кто говорит по-английски.

In summary, focus on the 'щ' in the present and the 'к' in the past. Always remember that the object of your search follows directly without a preposition like 'для'. Whether you are seeking a person, a place, or a feeling, искать provides the linguistic vehicle for that pursuit.

The word искать is ubiquitous in Russian life, appearing in digital interfaces, professional environments, and casual domestic conversations. If you open a Russian website, the first thing you might see is a search bar labeled 'Поиск' (the noun form), but if you are describing the action of using that bar, you use искать. In a world driven by information, 'искать в интернете' or 'искать в Гугле' are phrases you will hear multiple times a day. It is the verbal equivalent of the magnifying glass icon.

In the Office
Managers often ask employees to 'искать решение' (search for a solution) or 'искать новых клиентов' (search for new clients). It implies a proactive, problem-solving attitude.
In Crime Dramas and News
Police reports frequently use the word when 'искать улики' (searching for evidence) or 'искать свидетелей' (searching for witnesses). It adds a layer of investigative tension to the narrative.
Daily Domestic Life
The frantic morning routine often involves 'искать носки' (searching for socks) or 'искать ключи от машины' (searching for car keys). It is the sound of a household in motion.

Хватит искать оправдания своему поведению!

Beyond the literal, искать is a staple of Russian literature and pop culture. It appears in the titles of famous books and songs, often representing a character's internal struggle or quest for identity. The phrase 'искать себя' (searching for oneself) is a common trope in coming-of-age stories and psychological discussions. It suggests a journey of self-discovery that is deeply resonant in the Russian cultural context, which often values philosophical introspection.

Мы ищем таланты по всей стране для нашего нового шоу.

Shopping and Consumerism
When a shop assistant asks 'Что вы ищете?' (What are you looking for?), it is the standard opening for customer service. It is polite and helpful.

Я ищу подарок для своей мамы на день рождения.

Ученые ищут жизнь на других планетах.

From the mundane to the cosmic, искать covers the entire spectrum of human inquiry. Whether you are at a train station looking for your platform or in a library looking for an obscure manuscript, this word is your constant companion in the Russian-speaking world.

Learning искать involves navigating a few linguistic pitfalls that frequently catch English speakers off guard. The most common error is related to the English structure 'to search FOR.' In English, the preposition 'for' is necessary, but in Russian, adding a preposition like 'для' after искать is a major grammatical mistake. The verb искать directly takes the object in the Accusative or Genitive case. Saying 'Я ищу для книги' would sound like you are searching *on behalf* of a book, which makes no sense.

The Preposition Trap
Mistake: 'Я ищу для ключи.' Correct: 'Я ищу ключи.' Never use 'для' to indicate the object of your search.
Conjugation Confusion
Mistake: 'Я искаю.' Correct: 'Я ищу.' The 'к' to 'щ' mutation is mandatory in the present tense. Forgetting this makes you sound like a very early beginner.
Imperfective vs. Perfective
Mistake: Using 'искать' when you want to say 'I found it.' 'Искать' is only the process. If you found it, use 'найти'.

Вместо того чтобы искать виноватых, лучше подумай, как исправить ошибку.

Another frequent mistake is the confusion between искать and its prefixed relatives like поискать or разыскивать. While искать is general, разыскивать is much more intense, often used by the police or for long-lost relatives. Using разыскивать for your TV remote would sound overly dramatic and slightly comical. Conversely, using искать when a search has been completed is a tense error; remember that искать never implies that the object was actually found.

Ты ищешь легких путей, но в жизни их не бывает.

Stress Placement
In the present tense, the stress is on the ending: ищУ, ищЕшь, ищЕт. In the past tense, it is on the stem: искАл. Misplacing the stress can change the rhythm and clarity of your sentence.

Не ищите здесь логику, это просто искусство.

Она искала глазами мужа в толпе гостей.

Finally, be careful with the phrase 'искать приключений'. While it literally means 'to look for adventures', it often carries a negative connotation of looking for trouble. If you use it, make sure the context conveys whether you mean a fun trip or a dangerous reckless act.

While искать is the most common way to express searching, Russian offers a rich palette of synonyms that allow for greater precision depending on the context, intensity, and formality of the situation. Understanding these alternatives will help you move from basic fluency to a more nuanced command of the language. For instance, sometimes you aren't just 'looking,' you are 'hunting' or 'investigating.'

Разыскивать (to track down)
Used for more official or intensive searches. Police 'разыскивают' criminals. It implies a systematic and determined effort to find someone who might be hiding.
Выискивать (to pick out/fish for)
Often carries a negative connotation of looking for something specific to criticize or exploit. For example, 'выискивать ошибки' (to look for errors) in someone's work with malicious intent.
Обыскивать (to search/frisk)
Specifically used for searching a person or a place thoroughly, usually by authority. A customs officer might 'обыскивать' your luggage.

Он всегда выискивает недостатки в других людях.

In casual settings, you might hear 'шарить' (to rummage) or 'копаться' (to dig around). These are much more informal and suggest a messy or disorganized search. If you are 'шарить в карманах' (rummaging in your pockets), it suggests a physical, tactile search. On the other hand, 'исследовать' (to investigate/explore) is used in academic or scientific contexts, where the search is for knowledge or truth rather than a physical object.

Полиция разыскивает свидетелей вчерашнего происшествия.

Прочёсывать (to comb through)
Used for a very thorough search of a large area, like a forest or a neighborhood. 'Прочёсывать лес' (to comb the forest).

Мне нужно поискать информацию об этом в старых архивах.

Хватит копаться в своих вещах, мы уже опаздываем!

Choosing the right synonym depends on the 'flavor' of the search. If it is systematic, use разыскивать. If it is messy, use копаться. If it is critical, use выискивать. But when in doubt, искать is always a safe and correct choice for any situation where something is missing and you want to find it.

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수준별 예문

1

Я ищу свой телефон.

I am looking for my phone.

Present tense, 1st person singular. No preposition 'для'.

2

Где ты ищешь ключи?

Where are you looking for the keys?

Present tense, 2nd person singular. 'Ключи' is in Accusative plural.

3

Мы ищем станцию метро.

We are looking for the metro station.

Present tense, 1st person plural.

4

Он ищет свою кошку.

He is looking for his cat.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

5

Она ищет книгу в шкафу.

She is looking for a book in the closet.

Use 'в' + Prepositional for the location.

6

Вы ищете этот ресторан?

Are you looking for this restaurant?

Formal 'вы' or plural 'you'.

7

Они ищут выход.

They are looking for the exit.

Present tense, 3rd person plural.

8

Я ищу работу.

I am looking for a job.

Common fixed expression.

1

Вчера я долго искал свои очки.

Yesterday I was looking for my glasses for a long time.

Past tense masculine. 'Долго' is a common adverb.

2

Она искала тебя всё утро.

She was looking for you all morning.

Past tense feminine. 'Тебя' is Accusative of 'ты'.

3

Мы будем искать новую квартиру в центре.

We will be looking for a new apartment in the center.

Compound future tense.

4

Поищи, пожалуйста, мой паспорт.

Please, look for my passport for a bit.

Imperative of the perfective 'поискать'.

5

Они искали правду, но никто не хотел говорить.

They were looking for the truth, but no one wanted to talk.

Past tense plural. 'Правду' is abstract but here in Accusative.

6

Ты не там ищешь.

You are looking in the wrong place.

Idiomatic way to say 'you are looking in the wrong spot'.

7

Я искал этот фильм в интернете.

I was looking for this movie on the internet.

Use 'в интернете' for online searches.

8

Не ищите меня вечером, я буду занят.

Don't look for me in the evening, I will be busy.

Negative imperative.

1

Он ищет способ заработать больше денег.

He is looking for a way to earn more money.

Searching for a 'way' (способ).

2

Мы ищем поддержки у наших коллег.

We are seeking support from our colleagues.

Genitive case 'поддержки' for abstract seeking.

3

Она ищет вдохновение в природе.

She looks for inspiration in nature.

Abstract concept.

4

Я ищу человека, который говорит на пяти языках.

I am looking for a person who speaks five languages.

Complex sentence with relative clause.

5

Вместо того чтобы искать оправдания, начни работать.

Instead of looking for excuses, start working.

Genitive plural 'оправданий' is also possible here.

6

Полиция ищет свидетелей аварии.

The police are looking for witnesses of the accident.

Genitive plural 'свидетелей'.

7

Он всю жизнь ищет смысл жизни.

He has been looking for the meaning of life all his life.

Philosophical context.

8

Вы всё ещё ищете ту старую фотографию?

Are you still looking for that old photo?

Emphasis on 'всё ещё' (still).

1

Компания активно ищет новые рынки сбыта.

The company is actively looking for new sales markets.

Business context.

2

Ученые ищут решение проблемы глобального потепления.

Scientists are looking for a solution to the problem of global warming.

Formal scientific context.

3

Не стоит искать логику там, где её нет.

It's not worth looking for logic where there is none.

Genitive 'логики' after 'искать' in a negative sense.

4

Она искала глазами знакомое лицо в толпе.

She was searching for a familiar face in the crowd with her eyes.

Idiomatic 'искать глазами'.

5

Мы ищем компромисс, который устроит обе стороны.

We are looking for a compromise that will satisfy both parties.

Diplomatic context.

6

Он ищет приключений на свою голову.

He is looking for trouble (literally: adventures on his head).

Idiomatic expression for looking for trouble.

7

Директор ищет кандидатов на вакантную должность.

The director is looking for candidates for the vacant position.

Professional context.

8

Я ищу возможность поехать на стажировку за границу.

I am looking for an opportunity to go on an internship abroad.

Personal development context.

1

Автор ищет новые формы самовыражения в своём творчестве.

The author seeks new forms of self-expression in his work.

Literary/Artistic context.

2

Адвокат отчаянно искал лазейку в законодательстве.

The lawyer was desperately looking for a loophole in the legislation.

Legal context.

3

Многие люди ищут утешения в религии.

Many people seek solace in religion.

Genitive 'утешения'.

4

Он ищет признания своих заслуг со стороны общества.

He seeks recognition of his merits by society.

Psychological/Social context.

5

Философы веками ищут ответ на вопрос о природе сознания.

Philosophers have been looking for the answer to the question of the nature of consciousness for centuries.

Academic/Philosophical context.

6

Не ищи вчерашний день, прошлого не вернешь.

Don't look for yesterday, you can't bring back the past.

Idiomatic expression 'искать вчерашний день'.

7

Правительство ищет пути выхода из экономического кризиса.

The government is looking for ways out of the economic crisis.

Political/Economic context.

8

Она искала тишины и уединения в глухой деревне.

She sought silence and solitude in a remote village.

Genitive 'тишины и уединения'.

1

В этом тексте бесполезно искать скрытый подтекст.

It is useless to look for hidden subtext in this text.

Literary analysis.

2

Он ищет забвения в работе, чтобы не думать о потере.

He seeks oblivion in work so as not to think about the loss.

High-level emotional vocabulary.

3

Режиссер ищет ту самую искру, которая оживит спектакль.

The director is looking for that very spark that will bring the performance to life.

Metaphorical use.

4

Мы ищем истину, которая скрыта за пеленой предрассудков.

We seek the truth that is hidden behind the veil of prejudice.

Philosophical/Rhetorical.

5

Следователь продолжал искать зацепку, несмотря на отсутствие улик.

The investigator continued to look for a lead, despite the lack of evidence.

Professional investigative context.

6

Не ищите сочувствия у тех, кто сам не знает боли.

Do not look for sympathy from those who do not know pain themselves.

Proverbial style.

7

Она ищет гармонии между своими желаниями и реальностью.

She seeks harmony between her desires and reality.

Genitive 'гармонии'.

8

Поэзия ищет новые смыслы в обыденных вещах.

Poetry seeks new meanings in mundane things.

Abstract literary context.

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